runoff volume 中文意思是什麼
runoff volume
解釋
徑流量-
In order to calculate quantitatively the process of rainfall - runoff, the css model of zhang cha catchment is developed based on epa ’ s swmm ( storm water management model ) in this paper. and then calculate cso spill water quality 、 spill volume and spill time at different intercepting ratio using the developed swmm, and analyze the effect on them by intercepting ratio
為了實現上述降雨?徑流過程的定量計算，本文引入美國環保局的城市暴雨水管理模型（ swmm ）建立了佛山市張槎排水區的合流制排水系統模型，使用該模型計算了不同截流倍數時溢流污水的水質、水量以及溢流時間，並分析了截流倍數對它們的影響。 -
According to the investigation of the dykes in xinxiang reach of the yellow river, the annual volume of soil erosion caused by storm runoff amounted to 0. 07 million cubic kilometres
根據我們對新鄉地區內沿黃大堤的調查，每年暴雨徑流侵蝕大堤的土方量約達7 104m3以上。 -
Ii ) runoff erosivity reflects relationship of water erosion forces and sediment yield more directly than rainfall erosivity. it intergrated ability of runoff volume and flood peak on detaching soil and transporting sediment and is more reasonable than single runoff depth or flood peak volume
（ 2 ）以徑流侵蝕力代替降雨侵蝕力來反映水蝕營力與產沙量的關系更加直接，而且綜合了徑流量與洪峰在剝蝕土壤和搬運泥沙能力，比單獨運用徑流深或洪峰流量更加合理。 -
By monitoring the quality of the roof rainwater gathered in shanghai and analyzing the main influential factors as well as the pollution level, it is found that roof material, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity and volume are important influential factors affecting the quality of runoff from roofs
摘要通過對上海市屋面雨水水質監測，及對其污染主要影響因素與污染程度的分析表明，屋面材料、降雨歷時、降雨強度及降雨量等是屋面徑流雨水水質的重要影響因素。 -
The design capacity of the communal drainage system is intended for handling the surface runoff arising from rainstorms, the volume of which is much higher than the volume of wastewater being inappropriately discharged into the drainage system. even though some wastewater may find its way into the communal drains, the drainage system which is serving a large catchment area should be able to handle it without increasing the risk of flooding
公用排水系統的流量設計，是要把大雨所引致的地面徑流收集並排走，其容量及排流量遠遠超過錯誤排入的污水流量，加上集水區的面積廣闊，就算有污水錯誤排入，公用排水系統都足以應付，不會增加水浸的風險。 -
The paper analyzes and summarizes the following laws of distinctive sediment yield produced in storm floods of the region based on predecessors ' study : storm is the main dynamic force of erosive sediment yield and storm, flood and sediment exist an inevitable relation ; the flood occurring time is concentrated with high peaks and huge volume, suddenly rising and suddenly falling and has decisive influence to the formation of a major flood peak in the middle yellow river ; the main reasons of concentrated coarse sediment of the river is severe erosive sediment yield, strong sediment transporting capacity and high sediment concentration ; the important influence of frequent or continued storm floods happened in he - long reach especially in coarse sediment concentrated region to the sediment transport of the yellow river and ; along with the increase of harnessing, regional flood trend is becoming smaller but the variation of sediment quantity is not obvious and the reaction of peak discharge and flood runoff of majority tributaries are not sensitive, showing that a general and normal engineering works can not effectively control regional major floods especially the sediment of an extraordinary flood
摘要在前人研究的基礎上分析總結了該區特有的暴雨洪水產沙規律：暴雨是侵蝕產沙的主要動力，暴雨、洪水、泥沙之間存在著必然的關系；洪水發生時間集中，峰高量大，暴漲暴落，對黃河中游大洪峰的形成具有決定性影響；侵蝕產沙強烈而粗泥沙集中，輸沙能力強，洪水含沙量高，是黃河粗泥沙的集中來源地；河龍區間特別是粗泥沙集中來源區頻繁或連續的暴雨洪水對黃河輸沙有重要影響；隨著治理水平的提高，區域洪水有減小趨勢，但泥沙量變化不明顯，大部分支流的洪峰流量、洪水含水量反應不敏感，說明一般規模和水平的治理工程還不能有效控制區域大洪水特別是特大洪水的泥沙。 -
The results indicated that the land surface runoff volume was respectively 35. 19 m3 / a, 8. 42 m3 / a, 15. 95 m3 / a, 10. 63 m3 / a in the plots of non - forests p. yunnanesis, e. maedenii and a. mearnsii community
研究表明，在森林樹種個體水文生態作用方面，直干桉和黑荊樹冠截留能力比雲南松強，而雲南松樹干莖流量較高，直干桉樹冠下降雨量比雲南松、黑荊要大。 -
The variation of coarseness and fineness of the component particles in baijiaziu profile and mafangtan profile is caused by river impetus of weihe river, including runoff volume and velocity of flow, which is closely related with climatic factors in guanzhong basin, such as precipitation, temperature and rainfall
白家嘴與馬坊灘河流沉積物剖面粒度變化與渭河水動力變化直接相關，而渭河水動力條件又與渭河流域區域氣候變化有關。因此，粒度在剖面上的變化實質上是氣候波動的結果，利用其變化可重建河流沉積物形成以來的水文、氣候環境的演化歷史。 -
In harnessed watershed, a is smaller and b is bigger, but they are contrary in no - harnessed watershed. the flood peak volume modulus and sediment transport modulus is also power function relationship. but parameter a and b is different largely in different watershed and the relativity is not well than relationship between runoff depth and sediment transport modulus
參數a 、 b可以反映流域有無治理的差異，參數a在有治理或部分治理的流域內均小於無治理流域；參數b在有治理流域內則較無治理流域偏大；流域次降雨洪峰流量模數與輸沙模數也為冪函數關系，但參數a 、 b在不同流域之間差別較大，其相關性不如徑流深與輸沙模數關系好。 -
Phase i : 1950s 1980s. in this phase, humans ’ limited cognition of nature laws, increasing demands caused by population explosion and unreasonable utilization of natural resources lead to the sharp decrease of runoff volume and shrink of the lake area. the ebinur lake area change converses from the condition subordinate to nature to human activity
即第一階段: 20世紀50 80年代末，此階段由於人類對自然規律認識的局限性，以及人口增長造成的需求增長，不合理利用水土等自然資源，導致入湖水量劇減，艾比湖呈現急劇縮小的趨勢，湖面變化從受控于自然條件向受控於人類活動方向轉變。 -
Thus it is very difficult to calculate the spill volume and water quality because they involve many processes such as rainfall, yield runoff of rainfall 、 flow concentration of surface runoff, ground pollutant build up 、 washout, the flow concentration of combined drainage system and cso
其中，合流制排水系統的溢流水量、水質的確定涉及到降雨，地面產流、匯流，地表污染物的累積、沖刷，污水在管渠中的匯流以及溢流等多種因素，採用一般方法很難定量計算。 -
Traditionally, the saturated zone is modeled as a simple lumped continuity equation :, dsitqsdt where t is time, s is the total storage in the reservoir, i is the spatially integrated volume of incoming wa - ter, and q is the discharge subsurface runoff which only depends on the total storage s. this kind of subsurface runoff model has many different parame - terizations 10 12, however it has a very common char - acteristic that the subsurface runoff is just a sin - gle - valued storage - discharge function
對于大尺度水文模型而言，目前常常採用的是集總式的地下徑流機制，其連續性方程一般可表示為d ， dsitqst ? 1這里t是時間， s表示整個流域潛水面土壤層的飽和區域總的水分儲存量， i t表示t時刻土壤的非飽和區域向整個潛水面的水分補充量， q s表示僅依賴於水分儲存量s的地下徑流量量 -
The research of the subject had study thoroughly the using situation of the water and soil of ejina oasis in the downstream of the inland river in the arid area. and it had get the experience and test of the use of water and soil through study the past material. and it had make it known that the decrease of the runoff volume from headwater, the excessive cultivation area and serious waste of water are reasons for desert soil and ecotope deterioration
本文在對位於乾旱區內陸河下游的額濟納綠洲水土資源開發利用現狀，進行全面研究的基礎上，總結了近五十年額濟納綠洲水土資源開發利用的經驗和教訓，找出了存在的問題：上游來水減少，過度開墾，水資源浪費嚴重，土地荒漠化加劇，生態環境惡化。 -
The equation is y = a ebx, the interrelated coefficients are all larger than 0. 95 ; when the rainfalls are close, the volume of the surface runoff increases with the intensity of rainfall and the volume of the surface runoff is remarkable related with the maximum rain intensities of 30 minutes ; with the effect on rain harvesting acreage, the cover rate of the plants, the gradient, and the average soil thickness, the cover rate of the plants and the average soil thickness are the important factors which can affect the volume of rain harvesting. and the average soil thickness is the dominant factor. in order to get good result, we must choice the slope which the cover rate of the plants is low and the average soil thickness is thin, meanwhile increase the rain - harvesting acreage
太行山片麻巖區坡面集雨規律及集雨技術：集雨量與降雨量呈顯著正相關，並且在降雨量大於17 . 6mm時，集雨量隨降雨量的增加呈指數形式增加，擬合方程為y = ae ~ （ bx ） ，相關系數均大於0 . 95 ；降雨量相近的條件下，徑流量隨降雨強度的增大而增大，且在片麻巖山地， 30min最大雨強是影響產流的關鍵因子；在集雨面積、植被覆蓋度、坡度以及平均土層厚度等因素的共同影響下，植被覆蓋度和平均土層厚度是影響集雨量多少的主要因素，其中平均土層厚度是主導因素；而要想取得良好的集雨效果，必須在選擇植被覆蓋度低、坡面土層厚度薄的坡面的同時，加大集雨面積。 -
Research manifests that : ( 1 ) allocation in the year of precipitation is very uneven, and yearly precipitation is different in great scope, negative anomaly of precipitation appear concentratly in the 1990s, the precipitation in the 1990s decreased in different degree ; ( 2 ) close positive correlation exists between runoff and precipitation, runoff is abundant in the year with prolific precipitation, and generally in the year with scarce rain the volume of runoff is not enough ; ( 3 ) there is 20 % margin in their changes amplitude, this mainly resulted from high frequent human activities
結果表明： （ 1 ）流域內降水年內分配極其不均；年際變化劇烈，進入90年代后降水負距平集中出現， 20世紀90年代降水較多年均值有較大程度的減少； （ 2 ）流域內河川徑流與降水之間存在密切的正相關關系，降水量多的年份，河川徑流豐富，反之較枯； （ 3 ）河川徑流積極響應降水的變化，然而河川徑流變化幅度卻比降水變化幅度大20 % ，這個偏差主要是由於頻繁的人類活動的干擾造成的。 -
Qinhuangdao climate change ' s impact on river runoff volume and countermeasures
秦皇島市氣候變化對河流徑流的影響及對策 -
On the one hand, intra - annual distribution of runoff is extremely uneven with high concentration degree ; while on the other, the variation coefficient and annual extreme value little with weak increase tendency of annual changes of runoff volume but it is relative stable
分析結果表明：奎屯河流域徑流補給具有地帶性和多樣性特點，補給來源主要以冰川融水和雨水補給為主；年內分配極不均勻，集中程度高；年際變化相對穩定，變幅小，多年呈微弱增加趨勢。 -
The analysis shows that the average annual runoff volume has a little increase due to human activities after management, but the average annual sediment production has greatly decreased
通過分析發現，治理后流域內的人類活動使年均徑流量比治理以前略有增加，而年均輸沙量卻比治理以前大幅度減少。
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