show costs in 中文意思是什麼
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解釋
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For the especial political regime in our nation avianizes the rural fiscal system of inward function, which induce phenomena as follows, during producing or providing public products as the deputy of rural residents ( mostly, peasantry ), whose are the village and town governments and their superior governments ( from the clientage aspect ). not only the substitutive costs from the village and town governments represent their revenue and expenditure, and that from superior governments transfer to it by the stimulant mode of them and their superior governments, but also the governments show the substitutive costs from their superior governments transferring as the form of the rural expenditure, which will increase their revenue and expenditure. it is village and town indebtedness of inherent mechanism
由於我國特殊的政治體制弱化了農村財政體制應有的功能，致使作為鄉鎮居民（主要為農民）代理人的鄉鎮政府及上級政府（從委託? ?代理關系的角度看）在生產或提供農村公共品時會產生以下現象：不僅鄉鎮政府產生的代理成本表現為鄉鎮支出，上級政府產生的代理成本會通過上級政府與鄉鎮政府激勵相容的方式而層層轉嫁給鄉鎮政府，而且鄉鎮政府有著將上級政府所轉嫁的代理成本進一步以鄉鎮支出的形式表現出來的激勵，從而加大了鄉鎮支出，這是鄉鎮負債產生的內在機理。 -
To make full use of substitution of all relationships and to integrate all employment sources must reduce the relative costs, and the concrete measures are : to make career arms and employment plans in college and to show detailed employment plans and arms of the employing units ; to set up fully employment information service system and make complete use of the internet ; to construct the graduate employment markets and reinforce the montority of the medium service ; to enstrength the construction of employment centre of college
利用替代關系，有機整合各類就業資源，可以降低就業成本，具體措施為：高校開展職業生涯規劃與就業指導，招聘單位有翔實的用人計劃和目標；建立健全就業信息服務體系，發揮網路優勢；規范大學生就業市場，加強對中介機構的監管力度；加強高校就業指導中心的建設。 -
The affect of transaction costs on the benefits of stakeholders are accepted within the range of 10. 00 % - 50. 00 %. at present, public finance is used as compensation way to environmental benefits of forest resources, but from the long - term view, market creation of environmental benefits of forest resources is a better solution, government agencies will play important roles in institutional arrangements of environmental benefits of forest resources. outstanding of the paper are the following : firstly, time factor has been included in faustmann forest resource model ; secondly, more data are used to estimate tree growth models ; thirdly, time series models of environmental benefits of watershed forest resources are estimated to show time changes of environmental benefits of forest resources ; finally, transaction costs are included with regard to compensation fee institutional arrangements
分析結果表明：水源涵養林的環境效益顯著，與傳統的僅考慮木材效益的林業經營方式相比，考慮環境效益后將使林業生產實踐和社會福利發生變化；對水源涵養林環境效益給予小幅度的補償如2 . 00 10 . 00即能達到改善環境、提高經營者收益和社會福利的目標，補償水平提高到一定程度以後其作用效果減弱，在經濟水平較低的階段或地區可以選擇較低的補償標準，當經濟水平發展到較高程度以後，可以適當提高補償標準，逐步過渡到完全補償；考慮交易成本以後，使利益相關者的福利有所減少，交易成本幅度在補償標準的10 . 00 50 . 00的范圍內時影響相對較小；目前適合於採用公共支付體系的經濟補償方式，但從長遠來看，創建水源涵養林環境服務市場是一種比較好的補償方式，且政府在水源涵養林環境服務市場制度安排方面仍將發揮重要作用。 -
Simulation results show that tou power price determined in this paper can achieve the objective of load shifting and reducing costs of power consumers. compared with existing work, tou power price determined in this paper can get better effect of load shifting and reducing costs of power consumers
模擬結果表明，本文確定的分時電價可以達到削峰填谷和減少用戶購電費用的目標，與現有工作比較，本文方法確定的分時電價可以達到更好的削峰填谷作用，使用戶購電費用更小。 -
As of late 2005, completed and entered the reform process listed companies had more than half the total market value, and shenzhen sme board had achieved fully circulation. all show that shareholder structure reform which resolves the largest historical problem besetting our stock market is in full swing, the chinese capital market is in a profound institutional change. in the process of this historic institutional change, systematic study of economics involved in the shareholder structure reform, will be the important guarantee of protecting the interests of parties investors, reducing costs and the successful completion of the reform
在對前人文獻進行充分總結的基礎上，採用分量回歸模型研究了不同業績水平上市公司股權結構對其績效的具體影響關系;基於政策中性原則、利益均分原則、歷史回溯原則和行為金融學的市場投資主體慣性行為與非齊次預期假設，從不同的角度研究證券市場中均衡對價的確定原則，並利用市場中試點公司的數據對理論分析的結果進行實證檢驗。 -
There are five sections in this paper. in the first section, the definition of the welfare costs of inflation is introduced and a brief summary about the previous researches is done to show where this line of research stands today. in a word, an assessment of the welfare costs of inflation requires a sound understanding of the benefits of monetary exchange relative to alternative payment arrangement or, equivalently, a theory of why money is useful
第一部分給出了平穩通貨膨脹（各期的通貨膨脹水平保持相同）下，通貨膨脹福利成本的定義，即在某一通貨膨脹水平下，需要補貼給公眾多少收入，才能使他們的效用水平與帕累托最優狀態下的效用水平保持一致;並對前人關于這一問題的研究做了較為詳細的綜述。 -
The results show that the diffuser has such advantages as larger induction ratio, low resistance and noise, relatively even air supply, no condensation, simple in structure and low in costs
測試結果表明，該風口的誘導比大，阻力小，噪聲低，送風比較均勻，風口沒有結露現象，結構簡單，造價低。 -
Studies show that medical costs are the leading reason that people fall into poverty in china
研究顯示，龐大的醫療費用，是致使中國人陷入貧窮的主要原因。 -
Abstract : compares economically the office building, electronical plant and department store which are air conditioned by a large temperature difference air supply system. the results show that increasing supply air temperature difference in different conditions can reduce initial investments and operation costs of the air conditioning system and reduced relative humidity can improve human body comfort and indoor air quality
文摘:對採用空調大溫差的辦公樓、工廠及商場分別進行經濟比較，結果表明在各種條件下，增大送風溫差，空調系統的一次投資和運行費用都可以減少，同時室內相對濕度的降低可以明顯提高人體舒適感，改善室內空氣品質。 -
Experimental results also show that for every quantization width, every scale in time and every scale in space, 3d - pcw not only achieves higher compression rate but also costs less time than 3d - escot
實驗數據也表明，對于每個量化幅度和每個空間及時間解析度， 3d - pcw不僅獲得了比3d - escot更高的壓縮比，而且演算法執行所需要的時間也更少。 -
Some companies give you the expense account in advance, while others will repay your costs if you show them receipts
有些公司把費用帳提前預支給你，有的公司需要你出示發票后再給你報銷。
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