solid angle 中文意思是什麼

Consisting of the protracting graph of hydrogen - like atom ' s angle distributing, computer simulation of the symmetry of molecular orbital and chemical reaction mechanism, showing the molecular point group and symmetry element, computer simulation of molecular vibration, bravias ' s crystal lattice and their transforming, extracting of plane periodic lattice, extracting of solid periodic lattice, close packing of isometrical pellet and the structure of simple mental substance, close packing of unequal pellet and crystal structure of representative ionic crystal, computer simulation of phase analysis by x - ray diffraction

內容包括類氫原子角度分布圖的繪制，分子軌道對稱性和反應機理的微機模擬，分子點群和對稱元素顯示，分子振動運動的微機模擬，布拉維晶格和晶格轉化，平面點陣抽取，立體點陣抽取，等徑網球的密堆積和金屬單質結構，不等徑圓球密堆積和典型離子晶體結構， x射線多晶衍射的微機模擬十個子模塊。

The brightness or luminance of an object is defined as the luminous flux emitted per unit area of the object into unit solid angle.

物體的亮度或發光率定義為物體面積發射到單位立體角內的光通量。

Abstract : solid propellant rocket motors are preferred for most ballistic missiles because they need simple maintenance and can be launched quickly. but the conventional thrust termination devices limit the depletion of every stage ' s grain and increase some extra - weight. an improved method for designing a multi - stage solid rocket based depleted shutdown was provided. in order to solve the problem of lack of thrust termination devices, a device to adjust the burnout angle will match the final burnout velocity and satisfy the desired range. the method can also limit the detection from anti - ballistic missile system

文摘:由於維護簡單和發射快速，彈道導彈多用固體火箭發動機，但繁雜的推力終止裝置使各級裝藥不能耗盡並讓結構增重.提出了一種對基於耗盡關機多級固體火箭概念設計的改進方法，此方法滿足導彈系統主要的戰技要求.為解決無推力終止裝置的末速不準問題，可在末級發動機採用姿態調整裝置，對射角進行調整，配合末速以滿足射程要求.本方法還可抑制敵方反導探測

The solid angle is this component divided by the square of the length of this line.

立體角就是這個分量除以這條線的長度的平方。

It covers geometrically 86 % of the 4t solid angle and has very low detection thresholds

整個探測器系統軸向對稱排列，工作在真空中。

The computational method of integration for solid angle on cross section of the elliptic waveguide

橢圓形波導管中對空間立體角積分的計算方法

The ratio of the flux emitted within the solid angle defined by the beam spread, to the bare lamp flux

由光束角限定的立體角內輻射出的光通量與裸光源光通量之比。

The numerical results show that a reasonable reconstruction is also possible for low wavenumbers even when the incidence and observation aperture is as small as the possible / 4 solid angle

數值結果表明，對較小的波數，即使當入射和觀測孔徑為/ 4立體角時，得到一個合理的重構也是可能的。

The equation of the radiation transfer between two surfaces indicates that there are three factors that have influence on radiation transfer : brdf, projected solid angle ( psa ), and incident radiation flux. thereafter, a new baffle system design idea is put forward

本文首先介紹了光學系統雜光的抑制措施，從光輻射在兩個表面傳遞的基本能量傳輸方程出發，指出影響輻射能量傳輸的三個因子：雙向反射分佈系數brdf 、投影立體角psa和入射輻射通量。

For liquid xe aerosol spray target, important lpp characteristics, such as laser - to - euv conversion efficiency, euv radiation absorption, debris production by target material erosion or deposition, are studied in detail, a 13. 4nm conversion efficiency of 0. 75 % into 2 % bandwidth and 2 steradian emission solid angle is achieved at 0. 5mm laser - nozzle distance

在實驗上，建成了一套高光譜解析度和高靈敏度的軟x射線脈沖輻射測量裝置。測量了co _ 2 、 o _ 2 、 cf _ 4 、 kr和xe液體微滴噴射靶lpp光源在6 20nm波段的軟x射線輻射光譜。

The function of illumination optics for projection displays is to direct light source onto a small area of microdisplay within a limited incident solid angle, and therefore the collection efficiency is especially important compared to other illumination applications, which is also the main technical issue for led application to projection displays

摘要投影顯示之照明系統須將光能量集中照明於一小面積與小角度之內，相較于其他照明之應用，其集光效率之考量更為嚴苛，亦為發光二極體于投影顯示照明應用中最主要之技術課題。

To the influence of the plateau terrain, the impact of the elevation and the roughness of terrain to every energy component out and incoming are study, and basing the soil spectrum model proposed above, a new radiative transfer model of terrain area was put forwarded in which the soil water content, lai, terrain roughness and elevation were considered synchronously, and incoming scatter light was integral with the solid angle of semi - globe space defined by the slope of the pixel, so scattering lights of terrain and the sky are properly considered, but the operation is still within the acceptable range

地形與反射率的關系是本文研究的一個重點。本文對崎嶇山地象元的各入射光和反（散）射光分量進行了深入分析，在所提出的濕潤土壤光譜模型和植被冠層模型的基礎之上進一步提出了新的適合青藏高原的山地輻射傳輸模型。該模型同時考慮了土壤含水量、植被覆蓋（ lai ） 、地形起伏和海拔高度的影響，並以象元坡面定義的半球空間立體角對環境入射光進行積分，使周圍地形和天空散射光均得到適當考慮，計算量又在可接受范圍內。

Solving problem of seeking the value of angle in solid geometry with vector

向量法解立體幾何求角問題

The right temporal lobe of the hollow sphere of his cranium came into contact with a solid timber angle where, an infinitesimal but sensible fraction of a second later, a painful sensation was located in consequence of antecedent sensations transmitted and registered

他的天靈蓋右顳葉碰著了堅硬的木材犄角，在微乎其微卻能有所察覺的幾分之一秒后，產生了疼痛感。這是一剎那之前傳達因而覺察到的結果。

The quality of sand incipience involved with many kinds of parameters, such as incipient velocity, incipient angle etc. our research depends on the advantage of cross - knowledge and makes a research on this subject by gas - solid hydromechanics theory and ptv measure technology

本論文發揮交叉學科的優勢，採用氣固兩相流體力學理論和ptv測量技術研究這一現象，從新的角度認識沙粒起動和風沙流結構，為風沙流動的研究打開了新的思路。

The bank vulnerability has been matter of concern in the works of economic historian and the institutional school. the classical economists such as marx, marshall, keynes mainly describe and analyze bank crisis from the angle of economic cycle, minsky and kindleberger introduces the behavior factor of microscopic main body into the analysis of bank vulnerability. the development of the game theory and the information economics lay a solid foundation for stiglitz and weiss ' s study about bank vulnerability

銀行脆弱性問題在經濟史家和制度學派的著作中多有論及，馬克思、馬歇爾、凱恩斯等經典經濟學家主要從經濟周期的角度描述銀行危機的現象和原因，分別重視信用規模不穩定和社會流動性偏好的波動對銀行系統的影響，但馬克思將銀行信用危機看作是經濟危機的結果；明斯基、金德爾伯格引入微觀主體的行為因素對銀行的脆弱性進行分析；博弈論和信息經濟學的發展最終為斯蒂格利茨、韋斯等人對銀行體系脆弱性的研究提供了較為系統、堅實的微觀基礎。

Adhesives - wettability - determination by measurement of contact angle and critical surface tension of solid surface

膠粘劑.濕潤度.通過固體表面接觸角和臨界表面張力的測量確定濕潤度

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

As far as the solid inclined column - wall transfer r. c joint is concerned, the inclined column with a bigger angle 、 transfer beam and square column work as a whole, and the load transfer mechanism is similar to the transfer beam. the stress state in the wall is much more even, so the effect of transfer is much better than that of the hollow inclined column - wall transfer r. c joint

對無孔斜柱轉換節點而言，由於斜柱與轉換梁和方柱形成了一個整體，而且斜柱角度較大，因而其傳力機制和加腋的轉換梁類似，但薄壁柱中的應力分佈更為均勻，轉換效果更好。

Adhesives - wettability - determination by measurement of contact angle and critical surface tension of solid surface ; german version en 828 : 1997

粘合劑.可濕性.固體表面接觸角度和臨界表面張力測量