surface-water irrigation 中文意思是什麼

surface-water irrigation 解釋
地表水灌溉
  • surface : n 1 表面；地面；水面；廣場，空地。2 外觀，外表，皮毛。3 【幾】面；切口；【航空】翼面。adj 表面的...
  • water : n 1 水；雨水；露；〈常作 pl 〉 礦泉，溫泉；藥水。2 〈常 pl 〉水體；水域；水道；海；湖；河；海域；...
  • irrigation : n. 1. 灌溉；水利。2. 【醫學】沖洗（法），〈pl. 〉沖注洗劑。adj. -al ,-ist n. 灌溉者，水利專家。
  1. Estimating surface water and ground water quantities of guanzhong irrigation area in different aridity year, forecasting using water quantities

    針對不同乾旱年份對關中灌區地表水及地下水資源量進行估算，對關中灌區用水量進行預測或制定。
  2. It was found : 1 ) the film restrained evaporation surface intensity and had obvious function of rising and keeping moisture, 2 ) the drip irrigation could supply water according to growing requirement and augment of water conflux intensity around crop root, it also had strongly controllable operation and wasted fewer water

    覆膜抑制了土壤表面的蒸發面匯，具有明顯的提墑保墑作用，滴灌能隨時根據作物生長需要及作物根系匯流強度的增大而補充匯流源，可控性很強，水的浪費率很低。
  3. 4 in order to make. the decision adjust to the practice, and use the limited water resources more rationally. a multi - objective fuzzy decision method for irrigation district is presented considering fuzzy connection, then a method is given to get the changeable objective weight of each stage. this model can solve the decision in conjunctive use of ground and surface water

    4 、為合理利用水資源，使渠井結合灌區的地表、地下水聯合調度決策與實際結合更緊密，本文在陳守煜建立的多指標模糊關系優選決策理論基礎上，提出了考慮時段指標變權重的多指標模糊關系優選決策方法，模型中各指標的權重隨作物所處生長階段的不同發生變化，並將模型與演算法應用於實際例子中，取得了較為滿意的結果。
  4. Abstract : based on the principle of balance of surface irrigation water volume, a method for determination of field average infiltration parameter according to the irrigation data is introduced

    文摘:本文根據水量平衡原理，提出了利用大田畦灌灌水資料推求土壤入滲參數的方法，在此基礎上，又提出了利用波涌灌水流推進和消退資料確定間歇入滲減滲率系數的方法。
  5. Article 3 the term “ water resources ” as referred herein shall mean utilization of artificial means or control of surface or ground waters for the purposes of flood control, tide water defense, irrigation, drainage, leaching of injurious salt, soil conservation, water reservation, silt dredge, water supply, pier construction, navigation, and water power development

    第3條（水利事業之定義）本法所稱水利事業，謂用人為方法控馭，或利用地面水或地下水，以防洪、御潮、灌溉、排水、洗咸、保土、蓄水、放淤、給水、築港、便利水運及發展水力。
  6. The purpose of this web site is to share my experiences with workers in any country on water logging in agricultural lands, irrigation induced soil salinity, subsurface drainage for agriculture ( horizontal and vertical ), reuse of groundwater, ground - water hydraulics, ( geo ) hydrology, rainfall and surface runoff relations, reclamation and improvement of water logged saline, salty, sodic alkaline, and acid sulphate soils, plant growth, crop production and responses as well as statistical analysis consisting of segmented linear regression and cumulative frequency distributions

    描述:探討農業耕地的水澇問題；灌溉導致的土壤鹽堿化；地表灌溉；地下水的再利用；地下水水力學；雨水與水流失的關系；淺地表排水；土壤開墾及水澇，酸性，堿性土壤的改良；片段線形回歸和累積頻數分佈的統計分析等。
  7. The present utilization and existing problems in water resource of the north of huaihe river in anhui are introduced. based on such research objects as northern guo river of bozhou, jiangtang of fuyang and key city zones, a mathematical model with systems engineering viewpoint is established and used to investigate in water resource problems in the area. the main contents are as following : ( 1 ) groundwater resource and present utilization ; ( 2 ) mensuration of calculational parameters of groundwater and calculational methods ; ( 3 ) economic parameters of irrigation areas ; ( 4 ) establishing northern wo river forecast model with finite element method, areal well - group method and water balance method ; ( 5 ) establishing optimal water resource allocating model for northern jiangtang and new cihuaixin river irrigation area and investigating in the combination of surface water and groundwater, optimal agricultural planting - mode and optimal distribution proportion of various water sources ; ( 6 ) some existing exploitation problems and advices about water resource in the area

    本論文針對淮北地區水資源開發利用現狀及存在問題，以安徽亳州渦河以北地區、阜陽姜堂鄉和重點城市區為研究對象，運用系統工程觀點，採用數學模型方法，對該區水資源問題進行了綜合研究，主要內容為： （ 1 ）地下水資源及開發利用現狀； （ 2 ）地下水計算參數測定和計算方法； （ 3 ）灌區經濟參數； （ 4 ）採用有限單元法、面狀井系法、水均衡法，建立亳州渦河以北地下水位預測模型； （ 5 ）建立阜陽姜堂及茨淮新河北部的農灌區水資源優化配置模型，應用系統分析的方法，研究地表水與地下水聯合運用，農業最優種植模式及各種水源的最佳分配比例； （ 6 ）淮北地區水資源開發利用存在問題及建議。
  8. Abstract : by considering the water resources, agriculture and channel system condition of different counties or zones in jinghui irrigation region, the large system decomposition - coordination model and fuzzy method were applied to study the optimal model of surface and underground water utilization the irrigation region optimal operation schemes of wet, normal and dry years were computed in comparison with the present schemes used in the irrigation regions, the result indicated that the optimal result is practical and feasible

    文摘:在考慮涇惠渠灌區各縣區水資源、農業生產、渠系工程現狀差異基礎上，利用大系統分解協調模型和模糊技術研究該灌區地表、地下水聯合優化調度模型，得出其豐、平、枯年水資源利用方案，並與現有用水方案比較分析，表明該研究結果切合實際，可操作性較好。
  9. Based on water flow movement characteristics in film hole irrigation, a zero - inertia model form surface water flow movement in film hole irrigation were presented in this paper

    根據膜孔灌溉田面水流運動特性，建立了膜孔灌溉田面水流運動零慣性量數學模型，並將其與優化理論相結合，提出了確定膜孔灌溉田面綜合糙率系數的優化模型。
  10. Abstract : based on water flow movement characteristics in film hole irrigation, a zero - inertia model form surface water flow movement in film hole irrigation were presented in this paper

    文摘:根據膜孔灌溉田面水流運動特性，建立了膜孔灌溉田面水流運動零慣性量數學模型，並將其與優化理論相結合，提出了確定膜孔灌溉田面綜合糙率系數的優化模型。
  11. After analyzing and dealing with the data of the perennial precipitation and surface water, qianjiang district was divided into four main regions, and tow sub - regions. the four main regions are the water storage and irrigation region in the northwest, the synthetical irrigation region along the bank of apeng river, the storage and diversion irrigation region in the southwest and the forest water storage region. and the forest water storage region was divided into two sub - regions, the forest water storage sub - region in bamian mountain and the forest water sub - region in the northeast

    通過對黔江區多年降雨資料及地表水資源數據進行分析整理，將全區按水資源狀況分為四個大區二個亞區，即西北蓄水灌溉區是嚴重乾旱地區、阿蓬江沿岸綜合灌溉區、西南蓄引分散灌溉區和森林涵蓄區，其中森林涵蓄區包括八面山林涵蓄區以及東南森林涵蓄區兩個亞區。
  12. Zhejiang 8 amounting to tunnel engineering limited company is alley of well of bridge of road surface of channel of pilot a ship into a harbour of water and electricity of volume road tunnel, railroad channel, irrigation works, roadbed, mine, large cubic metro of earth and stone blow up the professional construction company that construction is an organic whole, have channel highway project to always contract two class aptitude

    浙江八達隧道工程有限公司是集公路隧道、鐵路隧道、水利水電引水隧道、路基路面橋梁、礦山井巷、大型土石方爆破施工為一體的專業施工企業，擁有隧道公路工程總承包貳級資質。
  13. The potential for water - saving can be exploited rationally by the measures, such as engineering measure, adjustment of crop planting structure, exploitation of shallow groundwater, improvement of the surface irrigation manner, development of advanced irrigation technology and improvement of water - saving management in the irrigation area

    灌區節水潛力有：採取工程措施、調整作物種植結構、開采淺層地下水、改進地面灌溉方式、發展灌水技術、提高灌區節水灌溉管理水平等。
  14. The agricultural production holds an important position in baoding area, winter wheat and summer corn are the main grain crops and cotton is the main cash crop. the water resources used in agriculture include rainwater resources used directly by crops and surface water resources or underground water resources which is used through irrigation. there have been lots of rainwater waste because of lacking in research on rainwater resources utilization and in perfect engineering technology in baoding area. to make full use of rainwater is important to alleivate the water resources crisis and improve the ecological environment, the main objectives can make more rainwater turn into soilwater that can be utilized by crops directly and decrease the crops requirments for the surface and ground water resources

    用於農業生產的水資源包括直接利用的雨水資源和通過灌溉補充的地表水資源和地下水資源。目前，保定市對直接用於農業生產的雨水資源尚未進行深入細致的研究，而且雨水資源的利用工程技術措施尚不完備，這種情況造成了雨水資源的浪費。顯然，充分利用雨水資源，即盡可能多的把天然降水轉化為可被作物利用的土壤水，減少作物對現有水資源（地表水資源和地下水資源）的需求，對于緩解保定市水資源供需矛盾，改善水環境與生態環境有重要的現實意義。
  15. The results showed : the most recommendable irrigation mode in practice was shallow, drying, deep and wet ; the utilization of surface water irrigation was much easier to acquire high yield

    試驗結果表明：生產上應該提倡的灌溉方式是淺、曬、深、濕；利用地表水灌溉比利用地下水灌溉更容易獲得較高的產量。
  16. Due to the underdevelopment of economy, traditional surface irrigation such as border and furrow irrigation is still taken as the dominant way in farmland irrigation, which leads to the great waste of water resources. therefore, how to apply a new theory to study and improve surface irrigation technique in order to increase water use efficiency and water productivity in farmland, has become a key project in water - saving research of agriculture today

    然而，由於經濟欠發達，我國農田灌溉仍以傳統的畦、溝地面灌溉技術為主，水資源浪費現象還比較嚴重，因此，如何運用新的理論研究和改進地面灌水技術，提高農田水分利用效率和水的生產效率，已成為當今我國農業節水研究的重點課題。
  17. Deep pipe irrigation can be especially useful on slopes and in crusty soils where surface applied water will run off

    描述:深度管道灌溉在斜坡和硬質土壤環境中非常適用，因為在那些地方地表灌溉浪費水資源。
  18. In addition, this paper selects the water traveling wave model of the surface irrigation, and realizes the modeling of the water movement, according to the water movement characteristics of surface irrigation. furthermore, the optimization model for irrigation effects is used to produce the calculation pattern in which the water movement model is combined with optimization of technical parameters of irrigation. therefore, it is realized that the optimum unit discharge is calc ulated under the condition of definite length and slope of border check and the optimum length of border check is calculated under the condition of definite unit discharge and slope

    與此同時，在分析項目區耕作條件下灌溉水流運動特點的基礎上，選擇地面灌溉水流運動波模型，實現了地面灌溉水流運動的數值模擬，並利用灌溉效果優化模型，構造了地面灌溉水流運動模擬與灌水技術參數優化相結合的計算模式，實現了定畦長、定坡降條件下的優化單寬流量求解和定單寬流量、定坡降條件下優化畦長的求解，為變灌水條件下優化灌水技術參數的確定提供了強有力的工具。
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