time risk 中文意思是什麼
time risk
解釋
時間風險-
This paper put forward that credit estimation and guarantee of small and middle enterprise must pay attention to its characteristics, that is to say, stressing some estimations such as " future innovation, grown - up, . development " through normative analysis remonstrating analysis, comparing analysis and research. at the same time it must deal with whole credit and part credit combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and relative relations about methods of estimation and goals of estimation. according to characteristics of credit estimation, 1 choused index and form systems of multilayer index and select combination of delphi and ahp in order to avoid subjectivity and random for setup in the course of setup of estimation index. it should adapt flexibility of anti - guarantee setup and embody its supporting function for enterprises through qualitative analysis of anti - guarantee and estimation of risk with reason. in view of mature experience and criterion of science and technology estimation, this paper introduced into concepts about index of filtration and superior and established relative and traditional methods which are suitable for modes of small and middle enterprises for credit estimation and are applied by credit guarantee
本文運用規范分析法、實證分析法、比較分析法，通過研究提出，中小企業信用評價和擔保信用評估應注重中小企業的特點，即強調「未來、創新、成長、發展」方面的評價。同時還要處理好整體信用和局部信用、定性分析和定量分析相結合以及評價方法和評價目的相對應的幾方面關系。在中小企業信用評價指標體系的設置中要根據中小企業信用評價的特點，合理選擇指標和形成多層次指標體系，並選擇delphi法（德爾菲法）和ahp （層次分析法）相結合的方法避免權重設置的主觀性、隨意性。 -
This article consists of five parts as following : mortgage of uncompleted building was originated from the common law and the law of hong kong, so the paper probes into its meaning - the transformation of the specific property right ; when the debtor fails to perform his duty, the creditor can obtain the title determinately ; the debtor enjoys the right of redeeming the collateral security through fulfilling his debt, the creditor has the obligation of returning the property at the same time. secondly, the author summaries its essential feature on the practice of the real estate mortgage hi the mainland of china - the target of the mortgage is a kind of expective interest ; the mortgage is a kind of guarantee which is settled through making over the interests in expectancy ; the risk of the mortgaged uncompleted building should be borne by the realty company instead of the mortgagor ; the phase of the mortgage ; mortgage is realized in a particular way. thirdly, on the basis of analyzing the legal nexus that is involved, the paper points out that the legal ne xus of the mortgage is just between the mortgagor and the mortgagee
樓花按揭作為一種擔保方式起源於英美法上的mortgage ，所以本文第一部分首先探討了mortgage在英美法上的含義：特定財產權利的轉移；在債務人不履行債務時，債權人可以確定地取得所有權；債務人享有通過履行債務而贖回擔保物的權利，同時債權人負有交還財產的義務。其次，就我國的樓花按揭實踐總結了其基本特徵：樓花按揭涉及兩個合同三方當事人；樓花按揭的標的是一種期待性利益；樓花按揭是通過轉讓物業權益而設定的一種擔保方式；預售樓花滅失的風險應有開發商承擔；樓花按揭的階段性；樓花按揭實現方式的特殊性。最後，分析了樓花按揭所牽涉的各個法律關系，認為真正的樓花按揭法律關系只是購房人與銀行之間的按揭貸款關系，按揭當事人只有購房人（按揭人）與銀行。 -
Of course, even though they are small now, there is a 100 % risk over time for development of adenocarcinoma, so a total colectomy is done, generally before age 20
當然，即使它們現在很小，但隨著時間的推移也有100 %的危險發展成腺癌的，因此，通常20歲前作全結腸切除術。 -
Facing with the adjustment blemish of the market and the government, knowledge problem and market growth degree etc, the article analyzes and arguments tmsm, the investment theory of the gapsm and two - mechanism forming reason and specialty of our country, and tries to explain and answer the question of breadth fluctuation, high risk, price decision, proceeds and investment strategy etc in the gapsm. since 80 ages, a series of the important development has all taken place in the world and the economy of our country, and it produced the deep influence on the growth of the security market, and particularly the information revolution, all markets forming one body and the quick development of the derivable security product brought the unprecedented macroscopic opportunity and power to the security market ; but at the same time our security market with the structure absurdity of participators, higher risk, irregular law, closed market, the validity of supervise and no science of market regulation does not accommodate to the macroscopic environment and so our country security market needs a new set of security theory with environment. according to the macroscopic and microcosmic environment, this article defines that our country security market is both a gapsm and the initial stage of the gapsm
上世紀80年代以來，世界和我國經濟都發生了一系列重大的變化，對證券市場的發展產生了深刻的影響，尤其是信息革命、市場一體化和證券衍生產品的迅速發展，給證券市場的發展帶來了前所未有的宏觀機遇和動力，而同時我國證券市場參與者結構的不合理、較高的風險、不規范的法律、市場的不開放、監管的不完全以及不科學的市場調控等微觀市場環境條件與此宏觀環境並不適應，從而我國證券市場需要一套適應環境變化的股票理論；本文就是以這一宏觀環境和微觀條件為依據，把我國證券市場定義為既是政府主導型證券市場又是市場初期；並對我國證券市場二元制產生的原因、特點及特殊性進行了分析，並通過我國政府調節的實例進行了論證，並對投資理論和投資策略進行了研究，這對控制我國證券市場的高風險以及獲取收益都具有重大意義。 -
The ruin probability of a discrete - time risk model with two - type claims
一個離散時間風險模型的若干遞推公式 -
In chapter 1, we briefly reviewed the risk theory and its development. and the significance about this paper was expressed. in chapter 2, we introduced classical risk model. in which, making this risk process into a strong markovian process is the preparation of deriving the main results. chapter 3 is the main body of the paper, we derived the results about general ruin probability in a kind of continuous time risk model with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time. the martingale approach is a good procedure to get the expression of ruin probability about a class of continuous time risk models with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time. we also take advantage of change of measure idea from it
第二章介紹了經典風險模型，其中用逐段決定馬爾可夫過程理論及補充變量技巧，使一類風險模型的盈餘過程成為齊次強馬爾可夫過程。第三章作為本文的主體部分，在索賠到達間隔服從虧時幾何分佈的連續時間風險模型中，索賠額分佈為一般分佈，它的破產概率可以利用pdmp中的廣義生成運算元得出鞅，通過調節系數的選擇以及在相應測度下的測度變換，使得破產概率的一般解可以表示出來。 -
In the study of risk theory, a class of continuous time risk process with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time was made into a strong piecewise - deterministic markov process with the theory of piecewise - deterministic markov process and by introducing a supplementary variable. martingale approach is one of the most powerful methods of pdmp. the programming process is getting the ruin probability from the martingale construction. we use the idea of change of measure in the programming process and find the result and the function of adjustment coefficient
本文應用逐段決定馬爾可夫過程理論及補充變量技巧，使索賠到達間隔服從虧時幾何分佈的連續時間風險過程成為齊次強馬爾可夫過程，然後利用pdmp中的鞅方法（用廣義生成運算元得出鞅）推導了鞅的形式，作為該風險模型索賠額分佈為一般分佈下的破產概率的一般表達式，其中用到了測度變換的思想。 -
This paper consists of three chapters. the first one is the preparatory knowledge underlying this paper, including the basic concepts of the piece - wise deterministic markov processes ( pdmp ), the renewal equation, the key renewal theorem and some results about the classical risk model, which come from [ 2 ], [ 8 ] and [ 9 ]. the second one introduces the results about the general ruin probability in a kind of continuous - time risk model with the deficit - time geometric distribution of inter - occurrence times, in which claim sizes are discretly distributed. these come from [ 6 ]. the main body of this paper is the third one where we derive lundberg bounds, cramer - lundberg approximations to the ruin probability and finite - horizon lundberg inequalities
本文共三章，第一章是奠定本論文基礎的相關知識，包括逐段決定馬爾可夫過程的一些基本概念、更新方程與關鍵更新定理的內容以及經典風險模型的介紹，主要取自[ 2 ] 、 [ 8 ]和[ 9 ] 。第二章介紹了該風險模型在索賠額分佈為一般分佈下的破產概率的一般表達式及相關定理，內容來自[ 6 ] 。第三章是本文的主體，求得了該模型的破產概率的lundberg界， cram r - lundberg逼近以及有限時間破產概率的lundberg不等式。 -
Some recursive formulas of a discrete time risk model
一類離散時間風險模型破產概率上界的估計 -
Under the discrete time risk model with constant interest, sun li - juan and gu lan ( 2002 ) have discussed some ruin problems which are about the distributions of the surplus immediately before ruin and the time of the severity of ruin
孫立娟、顧嵐（ 2002 ）則在具有常利息率的離散時間模型下，討論了破產前盈餘分佈、破產持續時間分佈的問題。 -
In this paper, we use the idea of the classical risk model and consider a continuous - time risk model with inter - occurrence times following the deficit - time geometric distribution. by an application of the key renewal theorem in the case of the lattice distribution we derive lundberg bounds, cramer - lundberg approximations to the ruin probability and finite - horizon lundberg inequalities
本文利用經典風險模型的思想，對索賠到達時間間隔服從虧時幾何分佈的連續時間風險模型做了進一步的研究，應用關鍵更新定理（格點分佈的情形） ，得到了破產概率的lundberg界， cram r - lundberg逼近以及有限時間破產概率的lundberg不等式。 -
On markov property of the risk reserve processes and continuous - time risk models with discete - type inter - arrival times
盈餘過程的馬氏性與索賠到達間隔分佈為離散型的連續時間風險模型 -
By using time - risk discount method, it is possible to price general assets under real probability measure, and the price expression is given
利用時間風險折現方法實現了風險資產在實際測度下的定價，並給出其具體的價格表達式。 -
In ( ( actuarial mathematics ) ) n. l. bower etc. specially have discussed the discrete time risk model in which the premium income of per unit time is regarded as a constant, the claim amount of each period time is regarded as independent and identically distributed random variable
N . l . bower等人在《 actuarialmathematics 》一書中專門討論了離散時間的風險模型，該模型將單位時間內收取的保費視為常數，每一時期的理賠量視為獨立同分佈的隨機變量 -
Estimation of upper bound for ruin probability of a discrete time risk model
離散時間保險風險模型的破產問題 -
Ruin probability in a discrete - time risk model with time - correlated claims
帶馬氏鏈利率的離散風險模型的破產概率 -
Some results about a discrete time risk model
隨機利率下離散時間保險風險模型 -
The discrete time risk model under stochastic rate
隨機利率權益連結保險合同的局部風險最小化 -
Secondly, the classical discrete time risk model, namely, the compound binomial risk model is further discussed
其次，對經典的離散時間風險模型即復合二項離散時間風險模型作了進一步地探討。 -
In this paper, the rum problems of two types of discrete time risk models are mainly discussed. firstly, the discrete time risk model with the interest of investment and the rate of inflation is considered
本文主要討論了兩類離散時間風險模型的破產問題：首先，對含有投資利率和通貨膨脹率的離散時間風險模型進行了研究。
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