variation range 中文意思是什麼

Results show that : ( 1 ) for each particle size of andalusite, variation tendency of the properties of the material is generally the same : the maximum of bulk density, compressive strength and rupture strength appears in the range of 5 % - 10 % content of fiber, these properties of the material remarkably decrease as the fiber content exceed 10 % ; while at the same fiber content, the properties of the material increase with the increase of firing temperature

結果表明： （ 1 ）對于不同粒度的原料，性能變化規律大致相同：在同一燒成溫度下，體積密度、常溫耐壓強度、常溫抗折強度在5 10之間出現峰值，加入量超過10之後材料的性能明顯下降；在相同的纖維含量下，隨著燒成溫度的提高，試樣的各項性能均有所上升。

And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed

研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。

The results show that : l ) there are three anomalous high temperature areas and three anomalous low temperature areas, and the whole area high temperature anomaly took place in the late 1980s, whereas the low temperature anomaly in the 1970 ; 2 ) the spatial mode manifests identical variations in the whole area, and the temporal coefficient curve is of 2 - 3 year period oscillation and an interdecadal abrupt in the late 1970s ; 3 ) the variance of interdecadal component is obviously larger than that of interannual in the most part of nespa ; 4 ) the interdecadal variation of the temperature is mainly linear ascendance in the late 1970s, the large range anomalous high ( low ) temperature occurs when the interdecadal and interannual anomaly are both positive ( negative ) in the year ; 5 ) the temperature anomaly is divided into four patterns : southern, northern, eastern and western patterns, in which the interdecadal variation of the southern and western patterns is relatively importance and the interannual variation of eastern and northern pattern is relatively importance

本文用夏季（ 6 - 8月）中國東北地區91個測站44年氣溫資料，對該區夏季氣溫的氣候平均和異常場進行分析，採用諧波分析將異常變化的年代際、年際尺度分量分離，分別分析兩種尺度上氣溫異常的時空特徵，最後應用reof進行了氣溫異常的區劃，研究局域異常變化的年代際、年際分量的變化特徵。結果發現： 1 ）東北夏季有三個異常高溫高發區和三個異常低溫高發區。全區性異常高溫（低溫）階段出現在上世紀80年代后（ 70年代） 。

Such a range of variation is termed a cline.

這樣一個變異區域稱為梯度變異。

The total variation range in seed weight for all crosses was 16. 7 mg.

所有雜交在種子重量上的總變異范圍為167毫克。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

In more northern plantations the total range of variation is less.

在北部的試驗栽植點則總的變異幅度較小。

The experimental results show that the variation range of cd content in different sections cut along the axes increases with the growth process, which reflects that the interface depth also becomes larger

表明生長界面形態隨著生長的進行逐漸加深。理論計算出p單相區的液固界面深度在生長過程中的變化規律與實驗結果相一致。

Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Yct series eddy - current coupling drives are ac speed - regulation motors, which are featured by easy contorl and stepless speed variation within a wide speed range

Yct系列電磁調速電動機由拖動電機、電磁轉差離合器、測驗速發電機和電磁調速控制器組成。

Traditional control system for boiler superheated steam temperature regulates desuperheating water flow through testing the superheated steam temperature and its variation trend, thus keeping the temperature of superheated steam within a permissible range

摘要傳統的鍋爐過熱蒸汽溫度控制系統通過檢測過熱蒸汽溫度及其變化趨勢來調節減溫水量，從而維持過熱蒸汽溫度在允許的范圍之內。

According to the experimental data of droplet size 、 particle spectrum range 、 droplet cone shape 、 flow rate 、 cover area and cover area rate which obtained through changing the pressure of power sprayer and the nozzle diameter in greenhouse ， this paper made comparative analysis on atomizing performance in same pressure and different nozzle type between same nozzle type and different pressure. the conclusion is that : the ejection rate and the droplet cone shape change with the variation of pressure and nozzle diameter ， average particle diameter decreases obviously and particle quantity increases obviously with the increase of pressure and decrease of nozzle diameter. these results will lay experimental foundation for precise spraying 、 low pollution and highly effective operation

本文根據溫室內動力噴霧機壓力與噴嘴孔徑的變化影響霧滴大小、粒譜范圍、霧錐形狀、流量、覆蓋面積及覆蓋面積率的試驗數據，對相同壓力下不同噴嘴型號和相同噴嘴型號時壓力不同時的微粒化性能進行對比分析和研究，得到如下結論噴出量與霧錐形狀隨著壓力和噴嘴孔徑大小變化而變化；平均粒徑隨著壓力的增加和噴嘴孔徑的減小而明顯減小；粒數隨著壓力的增加和噴嘴孔徑的減小而明顯增多，為精噴量、低污染、高防效的防除作業奠定了實驗基礎。

In such devices, it is desirable to have a high dielectric tunability in a certain electric field range, where tunability is defined as the variation of dielectric constant with respect to the applied voltage

自上世紀50年代以來，用電控的方式進行波束掃描的方法得到了迅速發展，從而使相控陣天線及其基本元件移相器的研究獲得了廣泛的重視。

By calculating parameters including the link length, the azimuth angle, the elevation, the optical power that the inter - satellite optical cdma communication system will receive, the variation range of the azimuth angle and the elevation from the optical antenna of atp are understood well. by analyzing the factors to impact bit - error - rate ( ber ) from the received power, multi - user disturbing, background noise, wavelength, bit rate etc, measures to guarantee high performances of the system are obtained, especially those for smoothing the fluctuation of the received optical power from host platform vibration

分析研究了衛星光cdma通信系統中衛星仰角、方位角和距離，給出了探測器能夠接收到的光功率以及atp子系統捕獲及跟瞄的范圍;對衛星光cdma通信系統性能模型和基於衛星振動系統性能模型的研究，分析了多用戶干擾、接收光功率、背景光噪聲、振動偏差以及碼速率對系統誤碼率的影響，給出了相應的改進措施。

Originating airport name, metar speci issue time, wind direction speed gust, wind direction variation, visibility, runway visual range, weather during time of observation, cloud, air temperature dew - point, qnh pressure measured at airport with adjustment made to suit aeronautical use, weather during the past hour but not at time of observation, wind shear information, trend - type landing forecast

發出資料的機場名稱發出metar speci的時間風向風速陣風風向轉變能見度跑道視程觀測時的天氣雲層氣溫露點qnh在機場錄得的氣壓，經調整以配合航空用途過去一小時但非觀測時的天氣風切變資料飛機降落用的趨勢預測。

Aiming at the defects of the imc - 70 model stubble - plastic film residue collector that the draft is rather great and the plastic residue or stubble are sometimes left out in the operation process, formulas for the principal parameters of the knives have been driven out based on the analysis of the distribution manner in the field of the stubble and plastic film residue, the variation range and the variation tendency of the principal parameters for the reduction of the draft have been found on a trial basis in the corn field through theoretical analysis and experimental study and a mathematical model for the draft applied on the knives has been established in accordance with the movement and distortion of the soil under the action of the knives

本文針對1mc ? 70型地膜回收起茬機起膜、起茬鏟刀在作業中阻力大，殘膜、根茬有漏起的現象，通過對作物收獲后殘膜、根茬在田間分佈情況的分析，推導出鏟刀滿足生產要求主要參數的求取方法和公式，並經理論分析和試驗研究，確定了鏟刀對玉米茬地進行起膜、起茬時主要參數的取值范圍和減小牽引阻力各參數的取值規律。以鏟刀作用下土壤的運動變形為基礎，建立了鏟刀牽引阻力模型。

It possesses the characters of high head, high velocity, long operation time and large variation range of water level

它具有水頭高、流速大、運行時間長、水位變幅大等特點。

Design procedure of u - shaped anti - rolling tank system is established, and program of scale design for tank is summarized, and an innovation selecting the natural frequency of controlled passive anti - rolling tank is put forward according to variation range of wave frequency, the natural frequency of rolling of a ship and other influencing factors, and causes of formation of tank damping and motion state of water in tank are studied, calculation formula of the u - tube tank damping and design method of tank damping configuration are given, and the influence of tank vertical location within the ship on ship parameters, stabilization performance of tank and water motion in tank is studied

建立了完整的u型減搖水艙系統設計程序；總結了u型減搖水艙尺度設計；提出了根據波浪頻率變化范圍、船舶固有頻率變化范圍和其它影響因素，選取可控被動式減搖水艙固有頻率的新方法；分析了u型減搖水艙阻尼的形成原因，給出了估算水艙阻尼和設計水艙阻尼結構的方法；研究了減搖水艙在船舶中的垂直位置布置對船舶參數、水艙減搖性能和艙內流體運動性能的影響。

The total variation range in seed weight for all crosses was 16. 7 mg

所有雜交在種子重量上的總變異范圍為16 7毫克。