water runoff 中文意思是什麼
water runoff
解釋
水流量-
Regard - ing the surface runoff mechanism, liang and xie 1, 2 presented a new surface runoff parameterization which dynamically represents both the horton and dunne runoff generation mechanisms within within a model grid cell together with a consideration of the subgrid - scale het - erogeneity, which can be applied to not only humid regions but also droughty regions as well 3, 4. regard - ing the soil water movement, xie et al. 5 developed an unsaturated flow numerical model based on the finite element method, and xie et al. 6 presented another numerical model to compute soil moisture and water flow flux together by means of a mixed finite element method
在地表徑流方面，文獻1 3發展了一種同時考慮蓄滿超滲產流機制及次網格非均勻性的新的徑流機制模型，並用其改進了陸面模式vic variable infiltration capacity中的徑流計算，該模型既適用於濕潤地區也適用於乾旱地區4 .在土壤水模型方面，文獻5採用有限元質量集中法發展了非飽和土壤水流的數值模型，文獻6則採用混合有限元法建立了非飽和土壤水分含量和通量計算的數值模型 -
In consideration of the crises of both the industrial water and the domestic water in the estuarial areas of the yangtze river caused by the decrease of the channel runoff and the intrusion of the sea water during the dry season in dry year, the concept, method and planning framework of the water resources allocation for the areas mentioned above along the main stem of the river are put forward herein based on the preliminary prediction of the future water demands by taking the water resources allocation therein during the dry seasons as the actual case in combination with the status quo of the water environment and water resources utilization concerned
摘要針對枯水年枯水季，因河道徑流量較少，鹽水入侵的頻率和強度顯著提高而引起的長江河口沿岸地區生產生活用水安全，文中結合長江口地區水資源利用和水環境現狀，以大通以下長江幹流地區在枯水季水量分配為實例，在初步預測未來河口地區水資源需求的基礎上，提出長江口地區水資源配置的思路、方法及方案框架。 -
Conspicuously heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions in maolouchi river basin after quake suggested that the water source of the rivulet mainly drained from surface runoff subjected to evaporation or the interflow composed with heavier isotopes
貓羅溪流域在地膿后其氫、氧同位素組成明顯變重，此意指流至河川之水源可能改變為遭受蒸發作用之地表逕流，或以具較重同位素組成之中間流為主。 -
Leveling hilly land into terraces, which slows the rate of runoff, allows more water to soak into the soil.
把丘陵土地平整成為梯田，減慢水流速度，讓更多的水滲到泥土裡。 -
Infiltration mostly depended on matric potential gradient and the effect of upslope runoff could be omitted, when initial water content was very low
當初始含水量較低時，入滲主要受控于基質勢梯度的作用，上方來水對入滲幾乎沒有影響。 -
And the major results and some new viewpoints were presented as follow : 1 ) sediment content of cn tillage system in runoff process is substantially low compared to st under rainfall with high intensity, showing cn bear the efficient capacity of control soil loss. nevertheless, when soil is saturated, the runoff intensity of both tillage systems is near, implicating cn has the limited function of reducing runoff. 2 ) based on the case analysis of observed all rainfall - runoff generation processes, a ) the initiation time hysteresis of surface runoff generation is notable when rainfall fall upon the unsaturated purple soils, which is attributed to the property of rapid water sorption and much non - capillary porosity
經近幾年的觀測和理論分析，取得了以下結果和創新的認識： 1 ）在降雨強度較大的情況下，保護性耕作制? ?聚土免耕的產沙強度明顯較常規耕作制? ?順坡耕作的小，說明聚土免耕耕作制防治土壤流失是有效的；但當土壤達到飽和后，聚土免耕的徑流強度與常規耕作的差異較小，產沙強度也增大，因此，聚土免耕防治水土流失的能力是有限的。 -
Thus, the next 1500 hours correspond to the base flow recession period. it is obvious that the aquifer with ampler water storage will produce larger subsurface runoff. from the above numerical simulations, one can see that the b - s model can reasonably simulate the subsurface runoff varia - tion in the two extreme conditions
而在持續了1500 h以後入滲突然都變為0對應著實際情況中徑流的消退期，顯然儲水較多的潛水面的地下徑流比較大，而隨著退水的持續進行行，地下徑流也越來越小 -
If this runoff water can be accumulated it can be used for farming.
如果這些流失的水能夠積蓄起來，它們就可以用來灌溉。 -
Moreover, hedgerow ecosystems were effective in controlling water and soil loss in june and august. under simulated rainfall, hemercoallis citrina baroni and p. rotation flligg hedgerow ecosystems had a significant effect on reducing water and soil loss in their later stages of plant growth, and there was a significant positive correlation between the effect on reducing water and soil loss and the rain intensities. moreover, hedgerow ecosystems decreased more soil loss than runoff, and the initial time of runoff incidences could well represent the water and soil conservation effects of hedgerow ecosystems
Rotatumflligg ）植物籬笆生態系統年徑流量、年侵蝕量分別減少10 . 14 11 . 56倍和135 . 34 165 . 84倍；植物籬笆生態系統和大豆單作處理的徑流量、侵蝕量、可產生侵蝕的降雨量之間呈極顯著正相關，建立了相應的降雨產流、降雨產沙、徑流侵蝕模型，通過侵蝕雨量可以了解水土流失的發生特徵； 6月和8月份（多短時暴雨）水土保持能力較明顯。 -
Separately speeking, for outward rivers in cansu ( either to the yellow river or to the yangtze river ), the allocable water resources are mainly the river runoff and groundwater, the priority sequence of water resources allocation would be : the water use for maintenance of local plantation including the environment - oriented and irrigated ones, water use for social and economic activities, and the runoff to lower reaches
外流河流域的降水首先為當地的植被耗用，剩餘的才形成可供開發的地表徑流和地下水；水資源配置的順序是：當地植被耗水，當地社會經濟用水，最後形成干支流出境的徑流供中下游地區使用。 -
In the control, even light rain could bring soil and water losses. while for orchard and costarica henryi forest, runoff and sediment yield both reduced greatly. regarding to chinese fir and enclosing and tending forests with favorable vegetative coverage, minimum soil and water losses were produced even by the rainstorm
裸露地（對照）小雨時也可能產生水土流失，而大雨以上降雨會產生嚴重水土流失；具有一定植被覆蓋且採取水土保持措施的果園和錐栗林的徑流量和泥沙量大幅度減少；而植被覆蓋良好的杉木林和封山育林地即使大雨以上降雨也僅產生極輕微的水土流失。 -
The system follows carnot cycle principle. driven by electricity, its working substance absorbs the latent heat in the air or other low - temperature heat source, and waste heat let out of living or industry, compresses it to heat by compressor, exchange, exchange heat with water to higher the water temperature ( 55 warm ). it a new water heating apparatus, used in home heating, and influenced by environment runoff and the heat exchang of working substance. this system is more used in southem china
根據逆卡諾循環原理，採用電能驅動，通過工質吸收空氣中或其他低溫熱源中無法被利用的太陽能潛熱、生活及工業排放的廢熱，通過壓縮機壓縮升溫，再與水換熱，使水溫升高，獲得（ 55 ）熱水，是一種新型的熱水製造設備，應用於家庭和熱水系統，受到環境溫差和工質換熱的影響，熱泵熱水器/熱水系統更多適合南方地區應用。 -
Taking into account weather and flood forecast information ; the forecast operation manner is studied under the condition of without the change of the existing flood control standard to realize the conversion of flood control and benefits. ( 4 ) through analyzing runoff and water utilization information during reservoir operation, design flood, and the existin
水庫汛陽水位動態控制方法研究及其風險分析根據水庫流域天氣預報、流域前期降雨、水庫蓄水、水庫泄水能力和防洪興利要求，利用水庫汛限水位變動范圍，結合洪水預報和短期降雨預報模型，研究水庫汛限水位動態控制方法。 -
Gully erosion, which is universal on original lands, but also the special forms, for example, hole erosion gravel erosion debris slide and debris flow, which is unusual in loess area, ( 2 ) based on a long - term fixed point experiments in proving ground of the south stackpile, the soil erosion factors have been researched quantitatively, the runoff and erosion affected factors have been made sure and the experiential models of producing water and soil have been taken in newly - constructed stage, early stage and later stage of reclamation
確定南排土場原地貌的水蝕模數為3700 4400t km ~ 2 ? a ；在排土場新造地貌上，擊濺、面蝕、細溝侵蝕、淺溝侵蝕、沉陷侵蝕、砂礫化面蝕、土砂瀉溜和坡面泥石流等水土流失形式出現頻率和發生程度都明顯強于原地貌。 （ 2 ）以南排土場徑流試驗場長期的定位觀測為基礎，對排土場未復墾時期、復墾初期、復墾後期的土壤水蝕影響因子進行定量研究，確定了徑流和土壤水蝕的主要影響因子及其臨界值，建立了產流產沙的經驗模型。 -
A study on the model of surface storm - water runoff at urban gully
城市雨水口地面暴雨徑流模型研究 -
Moving downstream with animal feces in storm water runoff or with human waste in sewage overflows and septic - tank leaks, the waterborne microbes can cause liver disease, respiratory infections and potentially fatal gastrointestinal disorders
不論是隨著暴雨逕流而來的動物糞便，或是污水排放管、化糞池滲濾系統中的人類排泄物順流而下，水媒微生物都會引起肝病、呼吸道感染，以及可能致命的腸胃疾病。 -
Storm - water runoff reduction system
減少雨水溢流系統 -
Whereas sewage treatment plants remove harmful bacteria and other contaminants from their effluent, storm water runoff is usually untreated
盡管污水處理廠會清除污水中的有害細菌及其他污染物，但是暴雨逕流通常是無法處理的。 -
More than 170 hectares were afforested, reducing water runoff from the hillsides
超過170公頃的土地已植有林木，以減少雨水從山坡流下。 -
Fertilizer application as compared to no fertilizer application at the network site in thailand for example, reduced soil loss up to 78 % and water runoff up to 65 % in 1994 （ table 2 ）
例如，在泰國1994年的一個研究網點，施肥比不施肥使土壤損失和徑流分別減少了78 %和65 % （表2 ） 。
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