凍土進化 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [dòngtǔjìnhuà]
凍土進化 英文
permafrost aggradation
  • 凍 : Ⅰ動詞1 （液體或含水分的東西遇冷凝固） freeze 2 （受冷或感到冷） feel very cold; freeze; be frostb...
  • 進 : 進構詞成分。
  • 進化 : evolution
  1. Abstract : the paper analyses and compares the current test methods of deicer - frost in different countries. on the basis of the study of influence on deicer - frost scaling of concrete, the test method of deicer - frost was further improved, and an easier preparing method of samples for deicer - frost and a quantitative evaluating method of frost - resistance were put forward

    文摘:在分析、比較不同國家現行的鹽凍試驗方法，在研究影響混凝土除冰鹽剝蝕因素的基礎上，對鹽凍試驗方法進行改進，提出更簡易的鹽凍試件制備方法和抗鹽凍性能的量化評價方法。
  2. In the end of this part, some application examples of fracture mechanics for the frozen soil have been given out. in the second part, continuum damage mechanics has been introduced to study the characteristics of the frozen soil. on base of additional damage concept, a judging model for initial and additional damage for frozen soil was proposed

    第五章進行的是凍土損傷力學的測試研究，首先介紹了凍土損傷的動態測試原理與方法，採用附加損傷的概念推導了凍土初始與附加損傷的動態識別模式，隨后對凍土單軸壓縮過程進行了動態測試，對在這一過程中的內部結構變化特徵進行了研究。
  3. The test obsvervation include air temperature, ground temperature, foundation moisture, freeze depth, freeze capicity, freeze residual capicity, groundwater table and shape transform of canal lining, etc. throught systemic observation, analysis of impact about each factor on fundation freeze capicity, evaluate effect on anti freeze of various canal lining, comparison on technology and ecnomic of different method, a kind of main canal lining format is been recommended to engineering practice with siutable to ningxia local feature, fufilling the need of main canal safey i application, economic and practical, that is using polystyrene plate laying under concrete slate and grit taking replace of filling layer and optimizing design

    試驗觀測內容包括氣溫、地溫、基土含水量、凍深、凍脹量、凍脹剩餘量、地下水位和砌體外觀變化等項目。通過系統的觀測，分析各因素對基土凍脹量的影響，評價各種襯砌型式的防凍西安理工大學工程碩士專業學位論文脹效果，並進行技術和經濟綜合分析比較，推薦出了適合我區特點、滿足乾渠安全運行、經濟實用、防凍脹效果好的乾渠防滲襯砌型式，即混凝土板下鋪設聚苯乙烯板和砂礫石換填層結構型式，加以優化設計，用於工程實踐。
  4. Landforms, soil, climate and characteristics of distribution in time and space in ningxia of draughts, disasters caused by wind and sand, floods and waterlodgging caused by hail, frost injury and earthquakes. the eighth chapter is on the relationships of environmental changing and the development of the agriculture and livestock husbandry in ningxia autonomous region which covers two sections : namely the historical processes of the human activities and the changing of the forests in ningxia, and the human activities and spreading of the deserts. the ninth chapter is a chapter that studies the regional divergence of the productivity level and the experiences and lessons of the development of agriculture and livestock husbandry

    下篇是寧夏農牧業發展等因素與環境變遷的關系，這又包括三章：第七章是農牧業發展的自然條件，即地貌、土壤、氣候，以及歷史時期寧夏旱災、風沙災害、水澇災害、雹災、霜凍災害、地震災害的時空分佈特徵；第八章是寧夏農牧業發展等因素與環境變遷的關系，這包括人類活動與寧夏森林的變遷、人類活動與寧夏土地沙漠化的歷史演進兩部分；第九章是寧夏南、北農牧業生產力水平的地區差異及農牧業開發的經驗教訓。
  5. Subsequently, a constitutive including damage value for the frozen soil was set up, and the evolution equations for saturation and unsaturated frozen soil were given out based on the damage distinguish

    建立了凍土單軸壓縮的損傷型本構表達式，給出了凍土單軸壓縮下的損傷演化方程，並進行了有效應力的計算。
  6. The liquid - gas method is improved based on the above methods, overcoming the defects of gbj82 - 85. using the liquid - gas method, permeability condition of concrete can be tested and indicated quickly, efficiently, and the influences on concrete of alkali - aggregate reaction, sulfate attack, carbonization, steel rust, freeze and thaw can be inflected indirectly. it is significant on the research and monitor on the durability of concrete

    溶液氣壓法是在上述方法之上進行改進提高的，克服了國標gbj82 - 85方法中的許多不足之處，能夠多角度、快速、高效、真實、準確地再現現場混凝土的滲透情況，並且能間接反映堿-骨料反應、鋼筋銹蝕、碳化、硫酸鹽侵蝕及凍融破壞的影響，對混凝土耐久性的監測與研究具有重要意義。
  7. Based on the several year data of permafrost in the region of fenghuoshan mountain, this paper not only studied the transformation of upper limit of permafrost in natural ground and roadbed but also the thawing of permafrost, and analysed quantitatively the status of heat which have entered permafrost

    摘要基於對多年來風火山地區的多年凍土資料，研究了天然地區和路基下的凍土上限變化情況以及多年凍土的融化狀態，並定量分析了進入多年凍土內的熱狀況。
  8. The results demonstrate that the upper limit of permafrost in this area had declined from 1970s to the middle phase of 1990, and permafrost has appeared degenerate tendecy, but since middle 1990s, permafrost have a stable state ; ground temperature of roadbed near the earth surface is higher than that of the natural ground, thawing time of roadbed near the earth surface is longer than that of the natural ground, the heat income within the permafrost is greater than the heat release from the permafrost during anannual period, the heat accumulation within the permafrost is temporarily appeared as temperature rising, but with the heat accumulation within permafrost growing up year by year, permafrost temperature will become higher gradually, and strong thawing of permafrost could be happened in the region

    結果表明：風火山地區從20世紀70年代到90年代中期凍土上限下降，凍土出現退化現象，從90年代至今凍土趨于穩定；路基近地表地溫明顯高於對應天然地表下的地溫，路基近地表經歷的融化期長于對應天然地表，進入多年凍土區的熱收支也呈現出吸熱明顯大於放熱的周期性變化，進入多年凍土的熱積累暫時以增高地溫耗熱為主，但隨著凍土吸熱量的逐年積累、凍土溫度的不斷升高，本區凍土可能發生強烈融化。
  9. The concrete used in testing bridge is monitored and some performance at definite age including compressive strength, splitting fensile strength, frost resistance, scaling frost resistance, chloride ion diffusion coefficient ( dcl - ), resistance of carbonization and pore structure by mercury porosimetry are tested. these performances are compared with that of concrete which designed by traditional method. the results show that mechanical properties of concrete designed by high durability concrete proportion and traditional method meet require ment at any age, however, frost resistance, scaling frost resistance, chloride ion diffusion coefficient ( dcl - ), resistance of carbonization and pore structure of the former are better than the latter, so high durability concrete is economic benefit

    對試驗橋用混凝土的質量進行監控，並成型試件測量所需齡期內的抗壓強度、劈裂強度與抗凍融、抗鹽凍、氯離子擴散系數（ dcl - ） 、抗碳化等耐久性能指標及孔結構，並與傳統混凝土進行對比研究，結果表明:高耐久性混凝土及按傳統配合比設計的混凝土的力學性能均能滿足相應齡期的要求，但前者的抗凍融性能、抗鹽凍性能、抗碳化性能、 dcl -和孔結構明顯優於後者，並具有明顯的社會經濟效益。
  10. Followed this purpose, the paper used the orthogonal design method, combined the materials and the mathematical statistics knowledge, analyzed the range of intensity and anti - frozen as well as action mechanism contrastively under the single factor function and the multi - factors correlation. proposed that when we mixed two or more extra materials into concrete, we cann ’ t purely increase the quantity of the one to enhance some concrete ’ s performances, which guided by the single factor function. on the contrary, we determined the quantity of this kind of extra material must by the conclusion of specific experiment under the multi - factors correlation

    圍繞這個目的，論文採用正交設計方法，結合材料學和數理統計學知識，對單因素作用下和多因素交互作用下混凝土強度及抗凍性的變化幅度及作用機理進行了對比分析，提出在混凝土中摻入兩種或兩種以上外摻料時，不能單純以單因素作用下的實驗結果作為指導，用提高某一種外摻料的摻量來改變混凝土的某項性能時，必須以具體試驗得出的結論來判定該種外摻料的用量。
  11. Two test methods are employed : one is loading the samples before thawing, and the other is loading the samples after completely thawed. the coefficient of thaw settlement as a function of granule, as a function of water, and also as a function of dry density are protracted ; besides, the consolidation coefficient of thawed samples as a function of granule, as a function of water, and as a function of dry density are protracted. we can discover from the test results that the thaw - settlement coefficient and the consolidation coefficient of thawed samples are mainly relevant to the granule, dry density and the water content they have little to do with the geology and geography factor of the frozen soils

    為了研究季節凍土區工業民用建築的基礎淺埋穩定性問題，特開展了有關季節凍土的融化壓縮特性的研究，先後在內蒙古農業大學三個比較典型的建築地點取了將近三百個試樣，在室內進行試驗，採取兩種試驗方法即先融化后壓縮試驗法和同時融化壓縮試驗法，通過對這三個不同地點的兩種不同的試驗方法的試驗結果進行對比分行，分別繪制了融沉系數與凍土的含水（冰）量、干容重以及顆粒級配的關系曲線;融化壓縮系數與凍土的含水（冰）量、干容重以及顆粒級配的關系曲線，由試驗結果發現凍土的融沉系數和融化壓縮系數都與凍土的含水量呈正向相關關系，可近似的用線性方程來表示;兩種實驗方法的總沉降量與凍土的含水量呈正向相關關系，與凍土的干容重呈反向相關關系，也可以近似的用線性方程來表示。
  12. Then, the ann technology is systematically applied in the forecast and evaluation of regional soil - water ( salt ) environment based on the two different scales experimental zones ( jiefangzha irrigation area and shahaoqu experimental area ) of hetao irrigation district of inner mongolia

    對河套灌區節水工程改造後作物生長季（非凍季）與非生長季（凍融季）的地下水位、水質和土壤水鹽變化狀況進行了代表性的模擬與預測研究。
  13. So an equation, which calculates the annual times of pavement concrete natural freeze - thaw cycle was developed and the cycle parameters, including temperature decreasing speed of freezing, length of freezing time and lowest freezing temperature were statistically calculated

    根據有限差分方法計算得到的我國主要城市鋪面混凝土內部年逐時溫度，進行了鋪面混凝土凍融環境的量化指標統計分析，建立了鋪面混凝土年凍融循環次數的預估方程，統計得到各量化指標的分佈狀況和特徵值。
  14. Roadbed construction on permafrost will give substantial disturb for the heat and mass transfer balance between the ground surface and atmosphere, usually, roadbed construction increases the amount of absorbed heat via vegetation removal, solar radiation and increased role of water activities in the adjoining area, then cause the local degradation of the permafrost underneath, as a result may lead to damage of the roadbed

    多年凍土區道路的修築，改變了原來天然地表與外界的熱交換關系，通常由於地面植被的破壞、太陽輻射和水的影響，導致進入地層中的熱量增加，引起多年凍土區凍土的融化，從而導致路基面破壞。
  15. In order to find out the mechanism of the soil strength weakening during the period of thawing and the effective prevention measures, some adjustment was made on the traditional triaxial apparatus, together with special frozen soil samples preparation equipment, customized frozen soil samples thawing apparatus and external heat preservation facilities, a new apparatus for investigating the weakening characteristic of frozen soil was made successfully

    為探明路基土融化過程中的強度弱化機理，在此基礎上制定有效的凍害預防措施，對國產土工靜力三軸儀進行了一系列改造，並配以專用的凍土試樣制備設備、凍土試樣融化加熱設備和外部保溫設施，共同製成凍土解凍時的強度弱化試驗儀。
  16. The physical and mechanical properties of the raw materials and the recycled mixture are studied respectively in this paper by means of indoor experiments. the primary mechanical indexes of the recycled mixture are tested, including the unconfined compressive strength, the resilient modulus and the cleavage strength. the changing laws of these indexes are related to the cement content, the ratio of old asphalt mixture to lime soil and the aged - period

    初步對再生混合料的無側限抗壓強度、抗壓回彈模量和劈裂強度等主要力學指標進行了分析評定，總結了其強度性能與剛度性能隨水泥劑量、舊路面與灰土比例和養生齡期的變化規律，並建立了各指標之間的相互聯系；此外對再生混合料的水穩定性、抗凍性、干縮特性、溫縮特性和疲勞特性也進行了試驗分析；在上述研究的基礎上還探討了原材料性質對再生混合料性能的影響。
  17. It is concluded that the freezing and thawing process and the thickness of active layers change with the changes of ground characteristics, affecting the permafrost further

    結果表明，由於工程活動改變了場地下墊面性質，造成了不同場地活動層凍融過程、活動層厚度等的差異，進而影響了多年凍土變化。
  18. This paper used the reactive powder concrete ( rpc ) as the inorganic anchoring material, and studied this material ’ s compositions and the materials mechanics properties ( mainly includes compressive strength, shearing strength, elasticity coefficient and poisson ' s ratio ), and also studied the contraction, durability ( including the rpc permeability, chemistry corrosiveness and anti - frozen performance ) and the heat - resistance of rpc

    本文採用活性粉末混凝土（ rpc ）為無機錨固材料，並對該材料的配合比，材料力學性能（主要包括抗壓強度，抗剪強度，彈性模量和泊松比）進行研究，還分析了rpc的收縮性、耐久性能（包括rpc的滲透性、化學侵蝕性和抗凍性能）和耐高溫性能。
  19. Investigation on gas hydrates involves ( 1 ) hydrate plug formation and its prevention in natural gas pipelines ; ( 2 ) exploration and recovery of in situ hydrates as an energy resource ; ( 3 ) utilization of hydrates in energy storage and transportation ; ( 4 ) role of hydrate formation in ocean disposal of carbon dioxide

    氣體水合物的研究涉及： （ 1 ）在石油和天然氣工業生產和運輸過程中如何抑制水合物的形成； （ 2 ）如何開采、利用存在於海洋、凍土帶中的天然氣水合物； （ 3 ）模擬天然氣水合物的構造進行天然氣儲運； （ 4 ）利用氣體水合物解決二氧化問題。
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