判定有責任 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [pàndìngyǒuzérèn]
判定有責任 英文
found liable
  • 判 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分開; 分辨） distinguish; discriminate 2 （評定） judge; decide 3 （判決） sentence; con...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 有 : 有副詞[書面語] （表示整數之外再加零數）: 30 有 5 thirty-five; 10 有 5年 fifteen years
  • 責 : Ⅰ名詞（責任） duty; responsibility Ⅱ動詞1 （要求做成某事或行事達到一定標準） demand; ask for; req...
  • 任 : 任名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 判定 : judge; decide; vote; determine; predicate; decision; criterion; judging; deciding; determining
  • 責任 : 1. （應做的事） duty; responsibility 2. （應承擔的過失） responsibility for a fault or wrong; blame
  1. Meanwhile, the author analyses in - depth auditorial modes and problems nowadays through macroscopical, microcosmic, system, main body, object, auditorial target, evaluation standard and auditorial criterion of the financial responsibility. however, author also reconstructs the aim frame of auditorial system during the leader ' s tenure of office in china through considering its relationship, main body, process and goal

    從宏觀、微觀、制度定位、主客體、審計目標、衡量標準、審計判據等方面深入分析了現有經濟責任審計模式及存在的問題，從關系設計、主體設計、過程設計、目標分層設計等方面考慮，重構了我國經濟責任審計制度目標框架。
  2. Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases

    第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。
  3. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  4. With the ways of our countrys criminal litigation court trials changing from inquisitorial proceedings to adversary procedures and the progressing of the criminal jurisdiction reformation, discovery is becoming an unavoidable issue in criminal litigation in our country. in practice, many jurisdictional authorities in our country have tried to explore and try it since 1999. this article, through comparing the discovery system among britain, america and japan, through analyzing the present actual situation of our countrys criminal litigation and from the aspects of the litigation modes, jurisdiction justice and the necessity for deepening the reformation of criminal trials, has proved that it is necessary and emergent in practice and applicable in theory to establish the discovery regime in our country

    隨著我國刑事訴訟法庭審判方式由審問制向對抗制的轉變和刑事審判方式改革的進一步深化，證據展示便成為刑事訴訟中的一個不可迴避的問題，實踐中不少司法機關從1999年始即已進行了證據展示的探索和嘗試，本文從英美日國家的證據展示制度的規定和比較入手，通過對我國刑事訴訟運作現狀的分析，從刑事訴訟模式、訴訟公正價值觀和深化刑事審判方式改革的角度，論證了證據展示制度在我國的建立具有現實上的必要性、緊迫性和理論上的合理性，並在此基礎上對證據展示的主體、責任、內容作了理論上的探討研究。
  5. In continental law system countries, burden of proof includes burden of adducing evidence, burden of persuasion. burden of adducing evidence means that the subjects in criminal procedure who initiate trial procedure and require the courts to judge according to their demands or subject whom there is presumption against must adduce adequate " evidence of the fact to prove that the evidence is on the demand of proof. otherwise the subjects will fail in the suit

    筆者認為，刑事訴訟證明責任，是指在刑事訴訟中引起審判程序啟動並要求法院依其主張裁判或存在對其不利之法律推定的刑事訴訟主體，必須就其主張的對定罪量刑具有決定作用的待證特定事實或者為推翻不利的推定事實提出足夠證據，並利用證據對該事實或或者為推翻不利的推定事實加以證明到法律規定的程度。
  6. Now that the institution of the capacity for civil liability is the logic premise that affirms a fault, and a doer can not be affirmed to be in fault without the recognizing ability, the ability behoove to be the criterion for judging whether someone own the capacity for civil liability

    既然責任能力是認定過錯的前提，只有在行為人於行為時有識別能力才可能形成過錯，那麼行為人的具體識別能力理應成為責任能力的判斷標準。
  7. In this article, firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced, thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks, how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk. so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory, which is the main content that we studied. firstly, the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes, performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric, and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad, as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree, and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty. from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed. involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied, and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk, the

    本文首先介紹了中美、中歐紡織品貿易爭端的來龍去脈，由此可知在涉外貿易這種以高投入、高風險著稱的行業里，如何甄別和規避外貿風險、如何選擇合適的投資項目已經成為外貿企業的首要問題。因此，正文分別從統計學、博弈論和投資組合三種角度對涉外紡織品貿易公司風險進行了定性和定量的分析，這也是本文的主要研究內容。首先，統計學篇選取了深圳證券交易所行業分類指數?紡織服裝指數（ ti ）每一季度末的交易收盤價和若干種反映宏觀經濟變化的指標，利用計量經濟學中時間序列的協整檢驗、 granger因果檢驗和脈沖反應函數等理論做實證分析，從而得知反映國內物價水平和國內外經濟景氣程度的經濟指標對紡織板塊上市值的沖擊比較明顯，且可知沖擊程度和時滯度，進而分析出涉外紡織企業所面臨的宏觀經濟風險;接著，從博弈論的角度具體分析一家紡織品出口公司（ beauty ）的外貿活動所面臨的各種經營風險，該篇從博弈擴展圖入手，分析了出口目的國審查方式與本企業出口策略之間的制度安排;並圍繞雙方的利益分配，研究了有限回合和無限回合合作談判博弈，然後具體論述了國家責任和企業涉外經營風險等問題;在一定程度上為了實現投資多元化來分散風險的目的，投資組合篇從經典的markowitz模型著手，在一些特定條件的限制下，給出了一個相應的投資組合模型。
  8. On account of the circumstances, this article attempts to study the system of burden of proof and the principle of its allocation in the collision actions, and then, based on the character of legal system in china and theories of maritime judgement, it tries to analyse the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972, dig out some problems and put forward some idio - points of view. in the last section of this thesis, the author analyses and inquires into how to institute a rule of burden of producing evidence for collision actions in our country and deems which is propitious to keep the development of shipping in order

    有鑒于上述現狀，本文立足於本國法制特徵，在先輩的民事舉證責任制度理論成果基礎上，借鑒英美典型海事判例確定的舉證責任原則，對船舶碰撞中的舉證責任及其分配製度進行了考察；並從舉證責任分配規則的理論角度對1972年《國際海上避碰規則》進行了大膽的評析，在發現問題的基礎上提出了一些個人的觀點，以作為海事司法實踐的參考。
  9. In the writer ' s opinion, presumption of innocence should be stated " everyone is innocent before he is proved and pronounced guilty, its extended meanings include, ( 1 ) the defendant is the main part and has qualifications in lawsuit. ( 2 ) the accusing party has the responsibility to offer evidence. ( 3 ) the priviledge against selfincrimination and right to silence are considered

    筆者認為無罪推定原則的科學表述為任何人未經證實並判決有罪之前，應視為無罪，它所引申出的訴訟規則主要包括（一）被告人具有獨立的訴訟地位和訴訟主體資格； （二）由控訴方負主要證明責任； （三）反對自我歸罪及沉默權規則； （四）疑罪從無原則。
  10. The object of criminal trial is to determine criminal liability and its scope with joint participation of the prosecutor, the defendant and the trial

    現代的刑事審判活動是在控、辯、審三方主體共同參與下、以確定被告人刑事責任的有無及其范圍的活動。
  11. And there are no uniform standards about the medical level and as the consideration of medical level, we should examine the factors of technicality, emergency and regionality and adopt right judgment measures : judgment through general knowledge, judgment under medical rules, judgment by scientific experiments and judgment according to medical expert testimony, etc. from the negative side, there is to be the research on the negative reasons to medical malpractice and whatever satisfied the negative reasons would not be the medical malpractice - permissible danger, act of rescue, self - sup porting act, exercise of rights, promise by the patients and comparative faults, etc. furthermore, this dissertation emphasized the discussion on the problem of the conflict of rights and proposed to exercise the policy of right - priority to solve the problem of the conflict of rights

    在相當因果關系判斷中，對條件的審究實踐上有較大難度，本文主張採用邏輯學上新理論?一部分原因理論並結合事故參與度理論、蓋然性；理論進行判斷與認定。本文除對醫療過失責任的三個構成要件進行了論述，還在第五部分對責任構成后的具體賠償進行了論述。按照現行法律，本文對積極損害中喪葬費用、醫療費用、護理費用、律師費用、住宿費用、交通費用，消極損害中死亡補償費、被撫養人生活費、誤工費、殘疾者生活補助費及殘疾用具費以及精神上的損害具體賠償的標準進行了歸納。
  12. For a specific project, the construction cost of the project can be reasonably and scientifically analyzed and estimated by means of the reasonable planning for the resources allocation adaptable to the project made through the economic assessment on the conduction process ; by which the cost control indexes can be determined, the relevant internal checking mechanism and the budget system for construction cost control can be established, and then the avoidable measures for possible economic risk can be made as well, so as to obtain the benefit indexes adaptable to all the specific items to realize the management of the construction cost control for the whole construction process and build up the scientific and reasonable system of economic responsibility for making a basis for completing the project with better quality effectively, economically and reasonably

    摘要通過項目的過程經濟評佑，制定出適應工程項目的合理資源配置計劃，對具體工程項目的施工成本進行合理、科學的分析判斷，確定成本控制指標，建立施工成本控制內部考核機制和工程施工成本預算制度，找出具體子項的經濟風險源所在，建立相應的經濟風險規避措施，獲取適應每個具體項目的利潤指標，實現工程項目施工全過程的施工成本控制管理並建立科學合理的經濟責任制，以便調動項目部所有施工人員的創造性和主動性，為最終高效、經濟合理、保質保量地完成工程施工任務奠定基礎。
  13. Subject to provisions of the act but without prejudice to any indemnity to which a director may otherwise be entitled, every director or other officer or auditor of the company shall be indemnified out of the assets of the company against liability incurred by him in defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgment is given in his favor or in which he is acquitted or in connection with any application in which relief is granted to him by the court from liability for negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the affairs of the company

    根據法案的規定? ?但該條款對于任何一位公司董事（或領導，見後面解釋）可能以其他方式應獲得的賠償沒有任何偏見（見後面解釋） ? ?每一位公司的董事或其他主管人員或審計員，對於他進行訴訟辯護中? ?無論是民事訴訟，還是刑事訴訟? ?所帶來的債務，應以公司的資產進行賠償，只要該訴訟的判決為此人勝訴或被判無罪，或此人與任何被法庭判定他免於承擔與公司事務有關的任何瀆職、違約、失職或違反信託義務等責任的申請有關。
  14. Cruel market competition and the profit - driven nature of enterprise require professional manager must have the moral quality of “ high intelligence quotient, high emotion and high interaction ”. professional manager ’ s sense of responsibility, judgment of responsibility and ability of responsibility will directly affect and determine the level of follow - up management as well as the life cycle of enterprise development

    殘酷的市場競爭和企業追逐利潤的本性要求職業經理人必須具有「高智商、高情感、高交往」的人格素質，其中職業經理人的責任意識、責任判斷和責任能力將直接影響和決定著企業的后續經營水平乃至企業發展的壽命周期。
  15. Simpson was found not guilty of the murders in a criminal trial but held liable the deaths in a civil proceeding

    當年，涉嫌殺妻的辛普森在刑事審判中被判無罪，而僅在民事訴訟中被判定為對兩人的死亡負有責任。
  16. F i did it f i did it simpson was found not guilty of the murders in a criminal trial but held liable the deaths in a civil proceeding

    當年，涉嫌殺妻的辛普森在刑事審判中被判無罪，而僅在民事訴訟中被判定為對兩人的死亡負有責任。
  17. But the phrase was an immediate winner in the language. simpson was found not guilty of the murders in a criminal trial but held liable the deaths in a

    當年，涉嫌殺妻的辛普森在刑事審判中被判無罪，而僅在民事訴訟中被判定為對兩人的死亡負有責任。
  18. It is not the role of the courts to second guess commercial judgements made by directors, even though by hind - sight they turn out to have been misguided

    故此，法庭並沒有責任判決董事所作的商業決定是否正確，即使事後證實，這些決定有錯誤引導的成分。
  19. It is the individual climber ' s responsibility to assess each and every piece of fixed protection and make a calculated and informed decision on whether or not the protection is adequate and whether or not to proceed with the climb

    每一位攀巖者都有責任對每一個固定支點及其部件進行評估，並在充分認知及估算后，判斷該固定支點是否堪用，及自己是否要進行攀登活動。
  20. Judgement in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the united states : but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgement and punishment, according to law

    彈劾案的判決，不得超出免職和剝奪擔任和享有合眾國屬下有榮譽有責任或有薪金的任何職務的資格。但被定罪的人，仍可依法起訴審判判決和懲罰。
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