實質等價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shízhíděngjià]
實質等價 英文
essentially equivalent
  • 實 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （內部完全填滿 沒有空隙） solid 2 （真實; 實在） true; real; honest Ⅱ名詞1 （實際; 事實...
  • 質 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性質; 本質） nature; character; essence 2 （質量） quality 3 （物質） matter; substance;...
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 實質 : substance; essence; texture; parenchyma; quiddity; parenchima
  • 等價 : of equal value; equal in value; equivalence
  1. In order to benefit from this new technique without any dangers, on the basis of the arguable contents, the paper put forward a series of principals with the knowledge of systematical philosophy, mathematics and ecological. agriculture : welfare principal, invariable principal of gene, non - spread principal of gene, equal principal of substance and informed perfectible principal. and then we establish a model of evaluating the social effects of gmo

    為了從這種新技術成果中獲得好處，同時又不會帶來風險，本文以爭論的內容為基礎，從轉基因作物能比傳統農作物帶來更多的社會效益的角度出發，運用系統哲學、生態農業和數學的一些知識，提出了轉基因作物研究和推廣中遵循的一系列原則：福利原則、基因穩定性原則、基因不擴散原則、實質等同性原則、以及知情選擇原則，並進而建立起評價具體的轉基因作物的社會效益的模型。
  2. My plant popular actor that produces operating room, first aid the equipments and tool of the equipments and tool, sickroom nursing of the room, examination room is with the laboratorys equipments letter tool etc. two greatest series product, with the price that craft, novel shape, superior quality be sold very well the national every locality, and win each unit of in reliance on with

    本廠生產的紅星牌手術室、急救室、診療室的設備及器具、病房護理的設備及器具和實驗室的設備信器具等兩大系列產品，以精湛工藝、新穎的造型、優質的價格暢銷全國各地，贏得各單位的信賴和贊譽。
  3. Through the rational study on the levels of auditing quality, make the appraising standard system of auditing quality perfect, suggest professional association and some supervisors to implement grade management system of cpa firms according to appraising method in practice, give market a signal about professional quality, improve the professional transparency of cpa firms, urge cpa firms strengthen its own service qu ality, provide a high quality service to people

    在此基礎上提出了一套會計師事務所審計項目質量評價辦法，通過定量地研究審計質量的層次，使得審計質量理論衡量體系變得更加完善，從實踐上建議行業協會等監管部門按照評價辦法對會計師事務所實行等級管理制度，給市場一個有關執業質量的信號，促使事務所加強自身服務質量，為社會公眾提供高質量的服務。
  4. It looks the opportunity of investment in new business and earning more cash current as an important intangible property of internet enterprise. it formulates the essence of the value of opportunity and its difference from commercial reputation

    把以後投資擴展新業務獲取更大現金流的機會看成是網路企業的重要無形資產，並創造性的闡述了機會價值的實質、機會價值的形成和機會價值與商譽區別等。
  5. As the inevitable choice of enterprises to adapt to the knowledge - based economy development, knowledge management is a process of creating value for enterprises confronting the increasingly complicate changes of environment by taking advantage of collective intelligence to reinforce the ability of learning, contingency and innovation, which requires enterprises to apply various means, including organizing, culture, process, technique, strategy, and to establish the knowledge - respecting and talents - respecting culture environment gradually which will promote knowledge accumulation, share, diversion, and improve the inner and outer application of knowledge network

    知識管理作為企業適應知識經濟發展要求的必然選擇，其實質是企業在面對日益復雜的環境變化，綜合運用組織，文化、流程、技術、戰略等手段，通過有計劃，有目的的構建有利於知識的積累、共享、轉換和運用的內外知識網路以及尊重知識，尊重人才的文化氛圍，運用集體智慧提高企業的學習能力、應變能力和創新能力，並達到為企業創造價值的一種管理過程。
  6. In essence, current auditing risk model ( audit risk = inherent risk * control risk * detection risk ) includes two translations. the first translation is that the possibility of material errors and omittances in the audited financial statements equals to the possibility of reporting the inappropriate audit opinion, and the second is that the possibility of reporting the inappropriate audit risk equals to audit risk. the first translation is generally accepted, but it is quite doubtful for the second translation

    現行的審計風險模型（審計風險=固有風險控制風險檢查風險）實質上是將「審計行為結束后會計報表中仍然存在審計人員未能察覺的重要錯報或漏報的可能性」等價于「發表不恰當審計意見的可能性」再等價于審計風險，第一次等價由於等價程度高被普遍認可，至於第二次等價卻有些牽強。
  7. Moreover, this paper discusses the feasibility of option pricing theory by adopting cases. on the one hand, it admits this method plays a key role in the realization of " debt - in - lieu - of - equity " of state - owned enterprises and appraising the value of potential earning - capacity ; on the other hand, it illustrates the application of option pricing theory in appraisal is still immature. for it can not meet the prerequisite of the theory ; its result will not be generally accepted and the quality of appraisal staff are relatively lower, this method is not applicable to business valuation aiming at equity alteration. thus it should not be regarded as a brand - new appraisal method to be promot ed in the short run. in the finial the thesis forms its conclusion on method application of superseding cost method gradually. generalizing the use of income method and developing the sense of using option pricing method

    由於成本法所固有的局限性，無法評估出資產組配成具有獲利能力的整體資產的創造性價值，因此注重企業獲利能力的收益法已成為轉軌時期中國評估業的現實選擇，並進一步對收益法的起源、方法特點和適用性進行了深入的分析；運用理性分析與案例分析相結合的方法對收益法發展的新階段? ?期權定價法應用於企業價值評估的可行性進行了研究，肯定了這一方法對國企實現「債轉股」和評估高新技術企業潛在獲利能力價值的重大意義，同時對此方法應用於企業價值評估不滿足前提條件、評估結果的可接受性、及評估人員素質等方面說明了這一方法在資產評估領域的應用尚不成熟，尤其不適用於產權變動為目的的企業價值評估，因而短期內不宜作為一種全新的評估方法推廣。
  8. Including actuality evaluation, environmental identification analysis, dynamic harmonious analysis, dynamic simulation analysis and policy decision putting into optimization scheme. the results showed as follows. 1, in the current agricultural production structure, output value of animal husbandry and crop planting occupy 93. 4 % of agricultural total output value, and forestry and fishery do not get fully reasonably develop ; the wild economic vegetables and fruits resources and water resources etc, are the superiority environment factors of agriculture development of this area, and the slope farmland and service system etc, are limited environment factors, and the science - technology and labor quality etc, are potential environment factors ; there exists some problems in the agricultural production system, for example, single productive constitution do n ' t correspond with varieties of resources, rich plant resources exploitation scarcity and economical crop development lag

    本文選擇四川盆周山區這一特定地貌區域作為研究對象，以滎經縣為代表研究了該區農業生產結構的優化調整，包括農業生產系統的現有結構評價、環境辨識分析、動態協調分析、動態模擬評價分析和實施優化方案的決策建議，結果表明： 1 、滎經現有結構為以畜牧業和種植業並重的豬糧為主的農業生產結構，二者產值占農業總產值的93 . 4 ，林業、漁業未得到充分合理發展；野生經濟菜果資源、水資源等為該區農業發展的優勢環境因子，坡耕地、服務體系等為限制環境因子，科技、勞動力素質等為潛力環境因子；同時該區農業生產系統存在著生產結構的單一性與資源多樣性的利用不協調、豐富的植物資源開發不足、經濟作物發展滯后等問題。
  9. There are mainly two accounting methods for business combination, purchase method and pooling of interest method. at present, the focus of contention is not on using purchase method on purchase combination, but on whether using one accounting method or using both accounting methods according to different conditions about changing shares ’ consolidation

    其核心問題是換股合併的經濟實質是什麼，對于換股合併應當採用一種會計方法還是可以採用多種會計方法，權益結合法的持續經營假設及賬面對價值計價基礎是否符合換股合併的法律事實等。
  10. Management of budgeting is a mechanism of contract, which has several functions, such as, planning, control, coordination, motivation and evaluation. the true nature of the budget management is bargaining among subjects of interest

    企業預算管理具有計劃、控制、協調、激勵、評價等多個功能的契約機制，在這個機制里，預算的目標的確立、預算程序的選擇、預算結果的考評其實質是各利益主體之間的討價還價。
  11. Chapter three author aimming at the blank of study on the inrollment policy of the higher education for minorities tries to probe theoretically into it from the perspective of the cause of minority student achieveinent higher educational function and educational policy, and to define the essence principle and foundadion of this policy, firstly, auther wants to show that the root to implementing this policy bases on minority history earth instance and cultural speciality by analyzing the cause of minority students low achievement, secondly, by the perspective perspective of higher educational function, author tries to show the important role of higher education to socialize minority students in case they are peripheried, to inherit and improve minority culture, in order to define that this policy is an important political mechanism to safeguard minority " s educational right and educational equality, thirdly, there are two points to be showed by discussing with the perspective of educational policy : the inrollment policy of the higher education for minorities is complexity and it is restricted and influenced easily by correlative mechanism because it involves virtuely in educational problem ethical problem and policy problem, on the other hand, the inrollment policy of the higher education for minorities don " t violate the principle of individual equality, instead, it carries out certain policy for some groups basing on the principle of the individual equality

    一、通過對少數民族學生低學業成就的歸因分析，論述少數民族高等教育招生政策實施依據是少數民族歷史發展、現實狀況和文化特殊性。二、通過高等教育功能視角的探討，論述高等教育對少數民族學生的進一步社會化，避免少數民族個體被邊緣化的意義，以及高等教育對少數民族繼承、發展民族文化的意義，明確少數民族高等教育招生政策是保障少數民族高等教育權利、保證教育公平的一項重要的「政治機制」 。三、通過教育政策視角的探討，主要有兩方面內容，一是由教育政策的特點，論述少數民族高等教育招生政策實質上是集教育問題、民族問題和政策問題於一身，這使它的運行具有復雜性，它更易受其它相關機制的制約和影響;二是通過教育政策價值取向的探討，論述少數民族高等教育招生政策雖以一定群體為實施的對象，但並不違背個體平等原則，它是立足於個體平等的基礎上，依據能力選拔的原則，針對群體差異客觀存在的現實，對一定群體實施的一定「優惠政策」 ，以保證處於弱勢地位群體的權利，從而真正實現個體的平等。
  12. Thirdly, according to the principle of the general theory of constitutionality, and from the different levels of the basic feature, key value and substance characteristics of the taxation constitutionality, it analytically studies the science connotation and integrity system of taxation constitutionality, demonstrates that taxatio n constitutionality is a social structural style of modern taxation and an organic whole of entity value and form value

    其三，按照法治的一般理論原理，從稅收法治的基本特徵、核心價值和實質特徵等不同層面，分析研究了稅收法治的科學內涵和完整體系，論證了稅收法治是現代稅收的社會組織結構形式，是實體價值和形式價值的有機統一體。
  13. Take middle - east district of taipusi banner as study area in the paper, combining field observation test ( pumping test and field survey ) with indoor experiment ( granule analysis and organic matter analysis etc ), based on the relationship between hydrological parameters and physical - chemistry characteristic parameters of formation, the variability of aquifer parameters and physical - chemistry parameters of unsaturated zone have been also analyzed. the aquifer system of the taipusi banner is identified and analyzed by using the internal and outside information. on the basis of real pumping of ground water, the water resources evaluated by the water balance method

    本文以太僕寺旗中東部地區為研究區域，採用野外試驗（抽水試驗、實地調查）和室內實驗（顆分、有機質等實驗）相結合的方法，推求了研究區含水層系統的水文水利參數，在系統模擬含水層水理參數與巖性物理化學特徵參數之間的關系基礎上，進一步分析了含水層參數及其包氣帶的物理、化學特徵參數的空間變化特徵，並利用其內外部信息對太僕寺旗含水層系統進行了辯識與分析；以現狀地下水開采量為依據，採用水均衡法評價了研究區水資源總量，並利用有限單元法來模擬分析驗證。
  14. Weights of indexes can be obtained by binary comparison and quantification based on the importance of indexes

    通過實際水質等級的級別特徵值計算，對北京永定河水質進行了模糊可變集合評價。
  15. The second section introduces some common methods and evaluation indexes, such as net present value, internal rate of return, payback period, profitability index, etc. the present methods and evaluation indexes are incomplete, which mainly apply to the analysis on the determinate decision. in fact, they are mono - objective and most - favored methods

    第二部分，介紹了投資決策中常使用的幾種指標和方法，如凈現值法、內部報酬率法、投資回收期法、現值指數法等，認為這些現行的投資決策評價指標很不完善，主要適用於確定型投資決策，並且實質上是單目標最優決策方法，對多目標風險型投資決策分析很不適用，甚至會導致錯誤的決策。
  16. This helps their long - turn lives, but there are some material problems : fund source is simplex ; compensation level is low ; it is hard for the farmers to find jobs ; many farmers " lives get worse, etc. on basis of reviewing advantages and disadvantages of this innovation ; referring to experiences of the world ; according to economics theories, from the aspects of rule insurances, insurance financing, zone plan as a whole, this text raises some strategies and ideas on how to solve the farmers " problems : short - turn interests, long - turn interests, real civilization, etc. during their being levied

    但這一做法存在著安置資金渠道單一，利益補償標準低，被征地農民就業困難，許多農民的生活水平下降等實質性的問題。本文在評價嘉興市「土地換保障」機制的優勢和不足的基礎上，借鑒國內外先進經驗，根據經濟學有關理論，從制度保證、保障資金籌措和管理、區域統籌協調等方面，提出了在土地徵用補償過程中解決被征地農民當前利益、長遠利益、以及實質性融入城市等問題的思路和對策。
  17. All the contents are developed around a set of scaling laws taking the form of exponentials which relate to almost all the issues of complexity including fractals, chaos, strange attractors, localization, and symmetry breaking, etc. the main work can be summarized as follows : starting from the law of allmetric growth three fractal dimensions in a broad sense are derived, and according to these dimensions, geographical space is divided into three levels, i. e., real space, phase space, and order space, each of which corresponds to a kind of dimension. based on the idea of spatial disaggregation and using the rmi ( relationship - mapping - reversion ) principle, the urban system is formulated as three scaling laws of the three spaces, including number law, size law, and area law, which can be transformed into a set of power laws such as allometric law and zipf ’ s law associated with fractal structure

    從異速生長律的縱向、橫向和切向三個角度將地理空間劃分為實空間、相空間和序空間，分別對應于空間系列、時間序列和等級序列三個層面，每個層面的測度各有自己的空間維度。基於「空間循環細分-等級體系-網路結構」的數理等價關系，利用rmi （關系-映射-反演）原則，成功地實現了城市系統宏觀模型的理論抽象，將空間復雜性問題表徵為簡單的指數式標度定律（包括數量律、規模律和尺度律） ，這一組標度律可以與一組冪次定律（包括具有分形性質的規模-數目律、異速生長定律和三參數zipf定律）互為變換。
  18. The tender documents shall contain all substantial requirements and terms as technical requirements of the project subject to tender, standards on examination of bidders ' qualifications, requirements on bid price quotation and bid assessment standards as well as main clauses of the contract to be signed

    招標文件應當包括招標項目的技術要求、對投標人資格審查的標準、投標報價要求和評標標準等所有實質性要求和條件以及擬簽訂合同的主要條款。
  19. The target of financial management ( fm ) is to achieve maximum value of enterprise is made definite, after anaiyzing all kinds of financial relationships. the essence of organization institution for modern enterprise system is agency by agreement, which can operate perfectly under the conditions of perfect encouragement & engagement rules, so the core of the encouragement & engagement rules for new fmm is to establish distribution regulations. there are many measures can be taken availably, such as budgeting, project cost management etc. and many new concepts of advanced management are worth being adapted, for instance, opportunity - cost, cost - benefit, legal knowledge, and so fbrth

    新的財務管理模式運行的環境是現代企業制度下的國際工程公司，現代企業制度最基本的要求是產權清晰，鑒于本院是知識技術密集型企業，引入了人力資本觀念，完善和充實產權清晰的內容；在分析了企業的各種財務關系后，明確提出財務管理目標?企業價值最大化；現代企業制度的組織制度的實質是委託代理關系，委託代理關系的有效運作依靠完善的激勵約束機制，以此為指導，新的財務管理模式建立起以分配製度為核心的激勵約束機制；充分吸收先進的管理觀念，如成本效益觀念、資金的時間價值觀念、法制觀念，運用先進的方法，如全面預算管理、項目成本管理等，來全面提高財務管理的水平；財務管理體制是財務管理模式運轉的組織保障；按照本院的業務特點，將業務分類，設置了相應的組織機構。
  20. 3 additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party s liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter the terms of the offer materially

    有關貨物價格付款貨物質量和數量交貨地點和時間一方當事人對另一方當事人的賠償責任范圍或解決爭端等等的添加或不同條件，均視為在實質上變更發價的條件。
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