推定過錯 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tuīdìngguòcuò]
推定過錯 英文
presumptive fault
  • 推 : 動詞1 （向外用力使物體移動） push; shove 2 （磨或碾） turn a mill or grindstone; grind 3 （剪或削...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 錯 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （錯誤; 不正確） wrong; mistaken; erroneous 2 （用於否定: 壞; 差） bad; poor 3 （交叉; ...
  • 推定 : calculation
  • 過錯 : fault; mistake
  1. In the second part, the imputation of the medical malpractice civil liability, with the comparative method, analyzing the correlative theories and legalities in france, german and anglo ? american countries, as well as the discussions of chinese scholars, the author comes to the conclusion that the principle of imputation of medical malpractice liability should adopt the principle of assumptive negligence. thus, it will conform better to chinese laws

    本部分採取比較法的分析方法，對法國、德國和英美法國家對民事責任的歸責原則的規定、我國學者對民事責任歸責原則的爭論、過錯推定責任作了分析，筆者認為根據我國相關法律、司法解釋的規定，醫療事故民事責任的歸責原則應采過錯推定原則。
  2. As long as such accidents do not occur because of mistakes on the part of sic, under conditions not against the law, ticket holders shall waive damage claims, demands or law suits against sic, china auto sports association, fia, foa, fom, sponsors of f1 world championship, the 2004 china grand prix, other companies designated by sic and organizers, operators and promoters

    只要該等事故非上海國際賽車場有限公司過錯造成，並且在不違背法律的前提下，持票觀眾同意放棄或免除對上海國際賽車場有限公司、中國汽車運動聯合會、國際汽車運動聯合會（ fia ） 、一級方程式賽車行政管理有限公司（ foa ） 、一級方程式賽車管理公司（ fom ） 、 f1世界錦標賽2004年中國大獎賽賽事贊助商、其他上海國際賽車場有限公司指定的公司以及所有參與組織，運作，推廣賽事的人員因事故所發生的損失、損害等提出任何請求或訴訟。
  3. The third chapter mainly focuses on the civil indemnity liability originating from the securities manipulation. to begin with, the first part ascertains that such kind of torts generally trepasses on the object of so - called " pure economic interest ' mn next part, it demonstrates in detail the requisites with which would incur a civil damage liability. regarding the fault ( including both intention and negligence ), it put forward a viewpoint that we should impose the civil liability upon manipulations of chinese securities market on the basis of constructive fault principle. about the question of iniuria ( wrong ), the author studies two aspects, one is assumption of risk, the other is the model of determining iniuria and solutions proposed

    其中第一節首先明確了操縱市場這種侵權行為的客體即所謂「純粹財產上利益」 。第二節具體闡明了操縱市場行為民事賠償責任的構成要件。在過錯部分提出要以推定過失責任原則為基礎追究我國證券市場操縱行為的民事責任，違法部分研究了自甘冒險行為和違法認定模式及對策兩個問題，其中違法認定模式是一個創新，對改變我國目前證券市場民事索賠必須先由證監會認定違法的機制給予了批判。
  4. Therefore, on the problem of substantive law, firstly, constructive fault liability should be adapted in civil liability of inside dealing

    因此，在實體法問題上，首先，內幕交易的民事責任應當採用過錯推定責任。
  5. The constructive fault and limited liability principle about the civil liability of asset accreditation agency are restated in law of corporation, which is revised in 2005, but there are many problems that must be researched thoroughly

    2005年修訂的《公司法》從法律上明確了驗資機構民事責任的推定過錯原則和有限責任原則，然而有許多問題還需要進一步澄清。
  6. This paper discussed constructive fault principle when it clarified connotation of “ unreal asset accreditation ” ; it clarified that the cause is neglecting the particularity of asset accreditation, on the basis of analyzing the legislation, justice and theory about the civil liability of asset accreditation agency

    本文在澄清「驗資不實」的內涵的過程中論述了驗資機構民事責任的推定過錯責任原則;在對以往驗資機構民事責任的立法、司法及理論進行分析的過程中，論證了問題的癥結在於忽略了驗資自身的特殊性。
  7. Second, the writer points the meaning of criterion of liability system. then discusses two central questions : can the equitable liability become an independent criterion of liability ? can the fault - presumption liability become an independent criterion of liability ? furthmore, the writer thinks the criterion of liability including fault liability and no - fault liability

    從而得出:過錯推定責任是過錯責任原則適用中的一種特殊情形，不應從過錯責任原則中獨立出來。過錯推定責任是責任標準，但不是獨立的歸責原則。
  8. It contributes to the deeper comprehesion of these probability distributions, affords more detailed theoretical basis for further studying and simulating satellite mobile channels, ? theoretical analyses and discussions of the models which are often used in the study of the propagating characteristics of satallite mobile channels are given ; meantime, some discussions on the work of model simulations are also given, ? incorrect derivation of the equality between c. loo model and corazza model in some other papers is pointed out. via the conception of received power, we derivate that in the rural environments these two models really have the equal relationship by the way of theoretical derivation and simulatant fittings. therefore, it is able to use corazza model in studying the characteristics of satellite mobile channels in the rural environments and able to avoid the iterant work of modeling, in order to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of research work, ? detailed processes of simulating lutz model by using matlab6. 0 _ simulink4. 0 and the results of comparisions are given

    本文包含有以下的主要內容： ?對衛星移動通信通道傳播特性研究中常用的三個概率分佈給出了詳細的推導過程；以便對這幾個在衛星移動通信通道傳播特性的研究中常用的概率分佈函數有更深的理解，對進一步研究衛星移動通信通道傳播特性和對通道的建模提供了更為詳盡的理論基礎； ?對衛星移動通信通道傳播特性的研究中常用的通道模型進行了理論上的分析和討論，並對衛星移動通信通道建模的研究工作提出了一定的看法； ?指出了以前的文獻中關于c . loo模型和corazza模型的等同性的證明錯誤；並從接收信號功率的角度出發，通過理論推導及模擬曲線擬合重新證明了在鄉村環境下，這兩個模型的確是具有等同性的；從而在對鄉村環境下的衛星移動通信通道傳播特性進行研究時，可以只採用corazza模型來對實際的通道進行建模，這樣可以避免重復的建模工作並提高研究工作的效率和準確性； ?給出了lutz模型在matlab6 . 0 _ simulink4 . 0環境下的軟體模擬實現的詳細過程和整體模擬測試的對比結果，保證了該模型在硬體實現時的可靠性和可行性，從而可以將它們應用於指導模型的硬體模擬實現並可以降低硬體實現時的風險。
  9. The subjective intent of the crime and how to perfect the legislation of the crime by a way of combining to see also method. both and the construction of criminal law liability. the potential damage offense and behavioral offense of this crime, the limitation of prosecution of the crime, the paper gave rise to its own points and views too

    本文努力在前人已有研究的基礎上，結合實證的方法對重大環境污染事故罪的特徵、犯罪構成以及立法完善等方面作了比較全面的研究，對本罪行為人主觀過錯、立法完善，並就刑事責任推定，重大環境污染危險犯、行為犯追訴時效等疑難問題提出了自己的觀點和看法。
  10. Based on the comprehensive research on the theory and practice of insider trading in foreign countries, hong kong and taiwan, the thesis puts foreword that the assumed liability system shall be applicable to insider trading in line with the general tort theory. in consideration of the constitutional elements, the thesis also brings forward that the damage facts shall be measured by actual loss, the deduction of cause and effect : relationship shall be regulated in line with law, and that the existence of default shall be inferred from the strict objective standard

    在對國外和我國港臺地區關于內幕交易民事責任理論和實踐進行綜合比較的基礎上，本文依據侵權責任的一般理論，提出內幕交易侵權責任應適用過錯推定責任原則，在內幕交易民事責任要件方面提出以實際可得財產損失確定損害事實、以法定的推定方式證明因果關系、以嚴格的客觀標準來判斷過錯存在的基本作法。
  11. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  12. Bring some legal suggestions on media ' s neighbouring rights. 4. as a member of wto, china should comsider its own specific situations on the basis of wto rules and regulations. the essay argued that the presumed - fault liabillity principle should be applied in the copyright law of china

    第四，我國作為世界貿易組織的成員國，在遵守世貿的條約義務的前提下，考慮自身國情，對國內版權實行適當的保護標準，對版權侵權行為主要適用過錯歸責原則，兼采過錯推定歸責原則，輔之以其他保護形式。
  13. But to solve the right holder ' s difficulty in providing proof, the judge should suppose the infringer has faults in some special occasion, and the infringer should take the burden of proof

    因此我國知識產權侵權損害賠償應該適用過錯責任原則。但為解決被侵權人的舉證之難，在部分場合應該適用過錯推定。
  14. The thesis constructs the system of civil compensate for environmental damage resulting from gene pollution in some aspects, such as liability principal, constitutive requirements, compensation principle, compensation range, compensation mode and certification of causality. the thesis thinks that some rules from traditional environmental tort should apply to environmental tort resulting from gmos, including no - fault liability, inferred causality and the inversion of the burden of proof. the thesis indicates china should found the funds for prevention of gene risk and create the system of funds for prevention of gene risk in some aspects, such as the mission of funds, resource of funds and operation of funds

    最後，本文認為，與傳統污染相比，基因污染有隱蔽性、增殖性、不可清除性和後果的不確定性等特點;基於風險防範原則和污染者負擔原則，從責任主體、構成要件、賠償原則、賠償范圍、賠償的類型、因果關系的鑒定等方面創造性地構建了gmos導致的環境損害民事賠償制度，主張傳統環境侵權中的無過錯責任原則、因果關系的推定和舉證責任的倒置等也應適用於gmos導致的環境侵權;鑒于傳統民事侵權賠償救濟的種種局限，本文強烈主張構建gmos損害賠償社會化救濟機制，即成立基因風險防範基金，並從基金的用途或任務、基金的來源和基金的具體運作等方面開拓性地建構了基因風險防範基金制度的雛形，設計了基因風險防範基金的兩個配套制度，即基因稅制和gmos強制責任保險制度。
  15. We studied the type of joint act of tort, included common injury act, common dangerous act and injuring others in partnership. its intension is that several people have joint fault for damage or joint fault inferred by law, including common intention and common mistake

    研究了共同侵權行為的類型，包括共同加害行為、共同危險行為、合夥致人損害等行為:內涵即數個行為人對損害結果具有共同過錯或法律推定的共同過錯，既包括共同故意，又包括共同過失。
  16. The article defines the audit report ' s authenticity, accuracy and completeness regulated in the securities law according to the revision of some detailed auditing rules ; defines the cpa ' s ordinary negligence, gross negligence and fraud according to cpa ' s profession characteristics ; classifies the degree of wrongs of cpas and burden of proof : when audit report exists in the prospectus or listing statement, cpa is liable for ordinary negligence ; when it exists in annual report, cpa is liable for gross negligence, these negligence are inferred by law

    由於對注冊會計師的過錯也存在不同看法，本部分根據其職業特點，對其過錯的含義重新界定。根據審計報告所出現的披露文件的影響范圍不同，對注冊會計師承擔責任的過錯程度及舉證進行區分，出現在招股說明書與上市報告書中時，注冊會計師承擔普通過失責任，出現在年度報告中時，承擔重大過失責任，且都由法律推定過失存在，但如果要想讓注冊會計師承擔故意責任時，原告需負舉證責任。
  17. Causation is the most pivotal and hardest problem of facts and reasons plaintiff should prove. the

    被告的抗辯及免責事由主要集中在推翻過錯推定和因果關系推定這兩個方面。
  18. The prove method of the fault adopts the burden of proof to invert

    在執業過失證明上，採取舉證責任倒置推定被告過錯的證明方法。
  19. This paper is written on the basis of theories of tort, with the objective to fairly and appropriately resolve the disputes arising from the student injury incidents

    其應適用推定過錯責任原則，並以侵權行為的一般構成要件為基礎，根據學校在事故中的過錯大小確定賠償責任。
  20. On copyright liability principle, the dissertation introduces the world situation and tendency, analyzes our country ' s relevant legislation. it puts out some suggestions about our country ' s long range planning on liability principle - - - - - - to extend the rule of presumed fault liability, develop the rule of fault liability, try out many other liability rules

    介紹了著作權侵權責任的國際現狀及發展趨勢，我國著作權侵權責任的立法現狀，對未來著作權侵權責任的長遠規劃提出了建議，即擴大推定過錯原則的適用范圍，繼續完善過錯責任原則，試行多種歸責原則。
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