支出機制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhīchūjīzhì]
支出機制 英文
budgeting and payment mechanism
  • 支 : Ⅰ名詞1 （分支; 支派） branch; offshoot 2 （地支） the twelve earthly branches3 （姓氏） a surname...
  • 機 : machineengine
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 支出 : 1. （付出去） pay; expend; disburse 2. （支付的款項） expenses; expenditure; outlay; disbursement
  • 機制 : 1 （機器製造或加工的） machine processed; machine made 2 （機器的構造和工作原理; 有機體的構造、功...
  1. For the especial political regime in our nation avianizes the rural fiscal system of inward function, which induce phenomena as follows, during producing or providing public products as the deputy of rural residents ( mostly, peasantry ), whose are the village and town governments and their superior governments ( from the clientage aspect ). not only the substitutive costs from the village and town governments represent their revenue and expenditure, and that from superior governments transfer to it by the stimulant mode of them and their superior governments, but also the governments show the substitutive costs from their superior governments transferring as the form of the rural expenditure, which will increase their revenue and expenditure. it is village and town indebtedness of inherent mechanism

    由於我國特殊的政治體制弱化了農村財政體制應有的功能，致使作為鄉鎮居民（主要為農民）代理人的鄉鎮政府及上級政府（從委託? ?代理關系的角度看）在生產或提供農村公共品時會產生以下現象：不僅鄉鎮政府產生的代理成本表現為鄉鎮支出，上級政府產生的代理成本會通過上級政府與鄉鎮政府激勵相容的方式而層層轉嫁給鄉鎮政府，而且鄉鎮政府有著將上級政府所轉嫁的代理成本進一步以鄉鎮支出的形式表現出來的激勵，從而加大了鄉鎮支出，這是鄉鎮負債產生的內在機理。
  2. Concern the provision of audit work station according to accounting method, if an accounting clerk manages debt already, provide check again, apparent and easy cheat, should give so prohibit ; the accountant record of an unit is custodial, it is the accountant such as budget of forms for reporting statistics of book of zhang of all sorts of prooves that point to this pair of units, accountant, accountant, financial plan, unit and important contract data, after be being collected regularly, examine a nucleus to be opposite, arrange stand roll, schedule, bound into book custodial, if allow a person to manage the debt of an unit already, keep again accountant record, made motion easily on debt apparently later the action that the opportunity of record of recycle government accountant covers him, give so prohibit : the registering job of items of an account of debt of the income of an unit, defray, charge, creditor ' s rights, the much that includes station of work of charge to an account but not be all ( for instance cash journal and bank come - and - go journal are not included ), this part charge to an account works, it is the foundation of business accounting of an unit accountant, also be the basis that produces cash come - and - go, also cannot hold part - time by cashier personnel, a person manages debt already, manage charge to an account again the basis that this produces debt come - and - go, very easy defalcate

    根據會計法有關稽核工作崗位的規定，假如一個會計工作人員既管錢款，又管復核，顯然輕易作假，所以要予以禁止；一個單位的會計檔案保管，是指對本單位的各種憑證、會計賬簿、會計報表、財務計劃、單位預算和重要的合同等會計資料，定期收集后，審查核對，整理立卷，編制目錄、裝訂成冊的保管，假如答應一個人既治理一個單位的錢款，又保管會計檔案，顯然輕易在錢款上做了手腳之後再利用治理會計檔案的機會掩蓋自己的行為，所以予以禁止：一個單位的收入、支出、費用、債權債務賬目的登記工作，包括記賬工作崗位的大部分但不是全部（比如現金日記賬和銀行往來日記賬就不包括在內） ，這部分記賬工作，是一個單位會計核算的基礎，也是發生現金往來的根據，也不能由出納人員兼任，一個人既治理錢款，又治理記賬這一發生錢款往來的根據，很輕易監守自盜。
  3. The paper begins with the past and present development situation of china graduate education and then analyses the inevitability of sharing the graduate education cost. it introduces evolvement of the sharing education cost mechanism and the tuition policy and compares the sharing mechanism and tuition policy with different countries at different time. it also introduces and analyses some important theories of sharing graduate education cost mechanism and the tuition policy, with the current research results and from economics and demotics viewpoint it concludes the payment capability rules and profit capability rules of sharing mechanism which is to conduct establishing the policies of tuition and investment of education

    論文從中國研究生教育發展的歷史和現狀出發，分析了研究生教育成本分擔的必要性；並對研究生教育成本分擔機制與學費政策的歷史演變作了介紹，比較了不同時期國內外的分擔機制和學費政策；介紹並分析了研究生教育成本分擔機制和學費政策的幾個重要理論依據，借鑒現有的研究成果，從經濟學和社會學的角度，歸納出分擔機制的支付能力原則和收益能力原則，用以指導學費政策及其他教育投入政策的制定。
  4. This paper explains the effective encouraging mechanism of electrovalence at present, analyses the close relationship between the primary transformer capacity for electric power using in the enterprise and the basic electricity expenses and the electricity in peak time, the relationship between the power factor and the electricity expenses per degree. the ways and measures of reducing electric cost and decreasing electricity expenses expenditurze are proposed

    通過闡述現行電價政策的有效激勵機制，分析了企業用電主變壓器容量與基本電費和峰谷分時用電及企業功率因數與電度電費的密切聯系，提出了企業降低用電成本、減少電費支出的途徑和措施。
  5. The implantation of a property and prosper, must depend on a well - known brand and production, big enterprise, group leader business enterprise or business enterprise group to develop, the author bring up of clear and definite a target ( building the medicine flattop, making wudang a medicine harbor ), push forward two development way of million - project ( plant a million mu chinese herbal medicine, arouse 100 ten thousand farmers amass a fortune with the middle - class family ), integrating three greatest resources ( chinese herbal medicine, capital and human resource ), classification raising the hormone medicine, inside the patent medicine and bio - medicine, vet ' s medicine with medical treatment apparatus and drugs packing a four group leader business enterpriseses, and it is fit for the practice ; the author bring forward that the framework of chinese herbal medicine by company add households, going by business enterprise mechanism to circulate, and accord with the busi ness enterprise and the farmer benefits, it carry on actually

    一個產業的培植與繁榮，必須依靠龍頭企業或企業集團的帶動，靠一批骨幹企業一批知名品牌、產品作支撐，才能促進該產業可持續發展。作者提出的明確一個目標（打造醫藥航母，建設武當藥港） ，推進兩個百萬工程（種植100萬畝中藥材，帶動100萬農民致富與小康） ，整合三大資源（中藥材、資本與人力資源） ，分類培植激素類藥物、中成藥與生物醫藥類、獸醫藥類和醫療器械與藥品包裝類四個龍頭企業的發展思路，切合該地區實際；作者提出的公司加基地加農戶加依託單位的中藥材種植模式，按企業機制運行，符合企業和農民利益，切實可行。
  6. A wave of foreclosures is damping consumer spending and spreading anger

    次貸危機抑制了消費性支出，燃起了越來越多的人的怒火。
  7. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  8. By analyzing the examples from fairytales and epics, we can get two single stories and the inferior type of this theme and by studying the arrangement of the story from the order of the plot, we can get four mechanisms of development : multiple starting points ; reoccurrence ; heterozygosis and branch expansion, which explain the inherent principle for a continual development and super length of the story

    從神話、史詩中搜集到的該類型的例證，分析可得該主題下的兩類單體故事以及更次一級的型式類別，並在情節序列上考察目連救母故事的組構情況，總結得出「復合起點」 、 「反復再現」 、 「異型融合」和「旁支擴張」四種生長機制，以期從一個側面說明該故事持續生長並構成超長篇規模的內在原理。
  9. The writer studies this dissertation with theory of ‘ from field imparlance to field separation ’, who researches lots of literatures and analyzes some cases. writer analyzes the status of quo and the causes of formation. it stares us in the face that we should know the actuality of social responsibilities of media, and construct theory which adapts to china as soon as possible

    本文運用社會哲學的相關理論，在對大量文獻進行整理和研究基礎上，結合典型案例分析，試圖通過對我國新聞傳播事業實踐過程中媒體社會責任現狀及成因的分析，提出具有社會哲學價值支持的新聞傳播媒體社會責任履行的原則以及機制。
  10. The third part mainly analyzes four risks of house tenancy center and the corresponding managing measures. the part analyzes profit and free - rent period through discussing probability of house in - and - out quantity in profit risk, proposes the risk management measures of cash supervisory mechanism and selectivity financing in capital gap risk, putts forward the measures of liquidity gap forecast, improving credit and adopting different free - rent period in house liquidity risk, and introduces the credit swap to transfer leaseholder default risk

    本部分主要分析了房屋置業中心的四個風險，分別是收益風險，通過引入給定時間段內的房屋存貸量的概率分佈分析了房屋置業中心的收益風險和空租期的確定；資金缺口風險，並提出現金監理機制和選擇性融資的風險預防措施；房屋流動風險，提出流動缺口預測、提升自身形象、採用不同空租期的風險管理措施；承租人的支付風險，主要引入了信用掉期合同來轉移這種風險。
  11. Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt

    第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。
  12. Based on predecessors " research, the author chooses manshuiwan town, yis autonomous county of mianning, sichuan province as the case of study from the educational sociological angle, intending to explore factors influencing effective communication between school and community and effective integration of curriculum resources in community with school curriculum in order to probe supporting mechanism of development of curriculum resources in community to school curriculum through questionnaire investigation, interview and comparative analysis of the foreign

    以此為基礎，筆者從教育社會學的角度，選取四川省冕寧彝族自治縣漫水灣鎮作為研究個案，試圖通過問卷調查、訪談和與國外的比較分析揭示出學校與社區有效交往，社區課程資源與學校課程有效融合的影響因素，進而尋求社區課程資源開發對學校課程的支持機制。
  13. In the point of view of cooperation and interoperability of application units, this paper discusses the functions, design and implementation of the connectors on software modeling. the atom connectors and composite connectors are provided as a level of supporting model in the toolkit. the design and implementation of the semantics, actions and methods of four types of atom connectors is discussed within the three phase of modeling, simulation and execution

    本文從應用業務的協同交互角度，研究在基於構件的應用建模中，作為構件開發工具支撐機制提供給應用的連接件的地位、作用及其設計與實現，提出了原子連接件與組合連接件的概念，並且對四種基本的原子連接件（過程調用、共享內存、管道和網路連接）在建模階段、模擬驗證階段和運行階段的語義、行為以及設計與實現途徑進行了研究與探討。
  14. The education realization of industrialization needing government and the society aspect to support energetically and cooperates, so government action and society action are utmost importance to his influence, and using for reference the research method in the sociology, and has talked all sorts of participation methods in the higher education industrialization course of government, " effective mechanism withdrawing from of government ", " positive macroscopic management means " as well as " lets the society extensively participate in, and lightens the government pressure " three kinds of methods, and transferring of society action chiefly is for restrictting and standarding education industrial, so makes it walking to the track of healthily development

    教育產業化的實現，需要政府和社會方面的大力支持與協作，所以政府行為和社會行為對其的影響就至關重要，借鑒社會學中的研究方法，談了政府在高等教育產業化進程中的種種參與方式， 「政府的有效退出機制」 、 「積極的宏觀管理手段」以及「讓社會廣泛參與，減輕政府壓力」三種方式，而社會行為的調動，主要是約束和規范教育產業，使其走上健康發展的軌道。
  15. This includes the history of korea ' s venture capital, the present state of the venture capital enterprises, korean government ' s supportive policies for venture capitals, as regards capital, land, the relevant legislation al1d the cancellation system etc, and the problems linked to the korean govemment ' s supporting policies

    主要有韓國風險投資的發展歷史和風險企業的現狀；韓國政府對風險投資的支援政策，包括是資金、場地、相關法規、退出機制等方面；政府支援政策中存在的問題。
  16. The paper want to solve one of the problem, using how to supply the pubic houses as the core part, and mainly analyzing its good and bad of the supply model of public houses. analyse the government heavily constructing housing, using private houses, government buiing houses, reassure government houses as pubilic housing, using the vacant houses as public houses and so on, analyzing these supply model ' s influence on real estate market, government " s financial pressure, and the management of the public houses, and at last use the nsfdss ( non - structure fuzz decsion surport system ) apprasial method apprise these suppling model. connecting the facts of xi ' an, analyse the fitfull of the result

    本文主要以廉租房保障制度實施中存在的問題之一? ?廉租房房源提供方式的優劣勢比較分析為核心內容，對廉租房的供房模式：政府集中興建、利用私房、政府出資購房、公房認定、利用空置房轉化等模式進行優劣勢比較分析，分析這些供房模式各自在推動房地產市場、減輕政府財政壓力、廉租戶管理、廉租房推出機制形成等方面的優劣勢，並利用nsfdss （非結構化模糊決策支持系統）評價方法綜合評價排序各供房模式，並結合實際情況對西安市實施廉租房制度時採取的供房模式進行適應性分析，為決策者決策選擇的理論指導依據，促進廉租房的發展。
  17. Based on 00 techniques and uml, the toolkit improves the capabilities of software reuse with dssa techniques and 00 developing environments, and offers several direct supports to the software development for crucial applications. the uml and rational rose realtime have been extent using techniques such as modeling, operation supporting, code generating, model supporting, and so on. a component model and a component - based developing tool set for crucial applications are provided in the toolkit

    此項目面向指揮控制領域、基於特定域軟體體系結構（ dssa ）技術與構件化技術，對rationalroserealtime和uml進行嵌入式擴充，解決了在通用商品化軟體開發環境中進行模型擴充、操作擴充、代碼生成機制擴充、支撐機制擴充等一系列關鍵技術，研製開發出嵌入rationalroserealtime的構件模型和構件開發工具集，使得這樣的開發環境對指揮控制系統提供更為直接、有效的軟體開發支持和軟體重用支持。
  18. The system arrangement methods and countermeasures of risk investment development in our country are discussed in the following aspects respectively : the support mechanisms, the configuration of organization, the demand principal part, the admittance mechanisms and the withdraw mechanisms of risk investment. it is proposed that in order to develop risk investment in our country, we must establish capital admittance mechanism which give priority to institutional investor, establish organizational institution whose main form is limited partnership institution, cultivate risk capital system whose demand principal part is private enterprise, establish risk investment withdraw mechanism whose main partnership is secondary securities market and sound policy support mechanism

    從風險投資的支持機制、組織形式、需求主體、準入機制和退出機制五個方面闡述了解決的方法和對策：發展我國的風險投資業必須建立以機構投資者為主的資金準入制度機制、以有限合夥制為主要形式的組織制度、培育以民營科技型企業為需求主體的風險資本體系、建立以二板市場為主的風險投資退出機制和良好的政策支持機制。
  19. Based on the discussion above, the paper continues with research on the manager - trust mechanism. the trust mechanism consists of four parts, including the trust - gestating mechanism, the trust - entry mechanism, the trust - evolvement mechanism and the trust - exit - mechanism. the favorable organization environment, the entry into owner ' s trust circle, the evolvement of manager - trust and the exit from the trust circle are involved in the mechanism respectively

    在以上理論探討的基礎上，論文把家族企業的經營者信任機制分為信任孕育機制、信任進入機制、信任演進機制和信任退出機制等部分，以分別討論經營者信任的組織環境支撐、信任圈層的進入、信任的動態演進及其退出等問題。
  20. Esd based on chemical catalytic model is founded and the factors affecting the enterprises " sustainable development are specified. through analyzing organization property of esd, a conclusion is drawn that employee ' s extensive participation and elastic net structure could make the organization respond to external circumstance precisely and quickly. how the main four platforms affect esd is analyzed by construction of esd ' s dynamic supporting mechanism

    構建了企業可持續發展化學催化模型，對影響企業發展的要素進行了定位分析；通過對企業可持續發展的組織特性進行分析，得出了員工廣泛參與式管理和彈性式的網路結構可以使組織對外部環境的快速準確響應的結論；通過建立esd動態支撐機制，分析了四大平臺是如何影響企業持續發展的；最後，結合對稱破裂原理分析了整合管理模型對esd研究的重要意義。
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