政策性成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhèngcèxìngchéngběn]
政策性成本 英文
policy costs
  • 政 : 名詞1 （政治） politics; political affairs 2 （國家某一部門主管的業務） certain administrative as...
  • 策 : Ⅰ名詞1 （通「冊」 古代寫字用的竹片或木片） bamboo or wooden slips used for writing on in ancient ...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 政策性 : policy政策性補貼 subsidies granted for policy considerations; 政策性虧損 losses permitted by poli...
  • 政策 : policy
  1. On the basis of the comparison of successful experiences of running agricultural education in developed counties, such as usa, japan and france, this paper put forward following viewpoints : in order to visualize the strategic status of hae, necessary protectionism must be offered through lawmaking and hortative policies, peasantry - undergraduates facing agricultural production must be cultured in the process of expanding and developing hae. the opportunities of developing higher agricultural vocational and technical education must be grasped in the process of realizing the transit from elite - education to popularization - education. existent and developmental room of hae must be unceasingly widened basing upon the road of distinctiveness, integration and internationalization

    文章在比較美國、日本、法國等國家發展高等農業教育的成功做法和經驗的基礎上，提出了要通過立法或制定鼓勵政策來彰顯高等農業教育的戰略地位，為高等農業教育的發展提供必要的政策性保護；要在大力擴張高等農業教育的過程中培養面向農業生產一線的農民身份的大學生；要在實現農科精英教育向大眾化教育轉軌的過程中抓住發展高等農業職業技術教育的機遇；要通過立足走特色化、綜合化和國際化的道路來不斷拓展高等農業教育的生存和發展空間；要正確處理精英教育與大眾化教育的關系，明確各類農業高校的生態位等發展高等農業教育的觀點和思路。
  2. The apbf institution has business ability and policy information advantages in censoring, so the loan policy may have " inductive effect " on commercial financial organs ; ( 3 ) agriculture and rural economy are confronted with many puzzles and challenges, and the poor - quality condition of our agriculture has not changed for a long time. it can be explained that we have not made full use of our economic and financial instruments and that the scarcity of finances has been in such a high level. combined with policy and financing, apbf is the most suitable choice for government to protect agriculture ; ( 4 ) developing apbf is in need of deepening of the reform of financial system

    究其原因，外部在於農村經濟體制改革滯后、農村金融體制改革反復不定、對農業扶持和保護的力度不夠；內部在於制度上的缺陷所致：一是缺乏管理和運營的法律制度；二是在於對農業政策性金融的經營成果的計算和組織管理比較困難；三是由於農業政策性金融要代替商業金融對存在外部性的農業進行投資，這種業務在中國本來就是商業金融盡力迴避的困難工作；四是特殊的政策性制度設計導致農業政策性金融信貸資產風險大；五是自主經營權落實不夠。
  3. In this paper, the newest empirical test of efficient market hypothesis ( emh ) was done in terms of the empirical test of capital asset pricing model ( capm ). because of the logical relationship between emh and capm, we tried to use a new method to find whether the emh theory is available in china ' s stock market. we did our research on the basis of emh ( efficient market hypothesis )

    本文從資本資產定價模型出發，首先回顧了有效市場假說的理論以及國內學者在這一領域中的研究成果，其次用實證研究的方法檢驗了該模型在中國的適用性，得到的結論認為在目前階段中國股票市場還不適合用資本資產定價模型來確定資產價格，最後對中國股票市場效率不足的原因進行分析並提出政策性建議。
  4. It adopts industry economics theories, such as, industrial organization theories industrial relation theories and industrial layout theories, after systematic analyzing our national s & t resources allocation and the basis of the construction of national research & experiment platform, it proposes constructing national research & expe riment platform both in basic and applied research fields and more, formulates the platform definition, structure and functions and so on. meanwhile, by utilizing experience of developed country s & t resource allocation, it also research the thoughts, principles, ways methods and direct output efficiency estimate in s & t activities of the platform. it aims to offer operatively realization methods and policy proposal as well as realization qualitative development and shorten the distance to the international advanced s & t level

    本文正是在這樣的背景下針對我國科技基礎條件薄弱，從而造成我國原始性科技創新能力和集成創新能力不足的現狀，利用產業經濟學中的產業組織理論、產業關聯理論、產業布局理論，深入系統分析了我國科技資源及其配置、國家研究與實驗平臺建設的現實基礎，提出了在基礎研究和應用研究的學科領域建設國家研究與實驗平臺的設想，並對平臺的內涵、結構、功能等做出界定，借鑒發達國家科技資源配置的經驗，對我國研究與實驗平臺建設的思路、原則、途徑和方法，以及平臺的科技活動直接產出效率評價等進行研究，以期對實現我國科技的跨越式發展，縮短與國際先進科技水平的差距提供可操作性的實施方案和政策性建議。
  5. Put forward my proposal about the reformation of the taxation system, as well as the complementary measures, it is the surface that farmers " burden is caused by the primary government who charge farmers excessively, the deep reason is the unbalance developing strategy for national ecnomic and the difference between the city and the rural earea. link theory with the prctising program interal and external, i put forward my proposal to abolish agricultural tax, practice the same taxation, set up land rent system

    過分地掘取農業剩餘的同時，還實行重城輕鄉的公共產品分配政策，造成農村財政呈「缺血」狀態，不得已實行「三提五統」收費制來解決農村公共產品的提供問題，制定製度出發點的錯誤以及制度本身的不完善，造成「三亂」久治不愈；其次，由於行政管理體制改革滯后，機構臃腫，冗員過多；再加上農民反負成本高，反負意識差和農村制度供給的路徑依賴性，造成農民負擔越發沉重，並成為中國許多問題的根源。
  6. The focal point of this thesis is to probe into the policy factor of causing the state which is " peasants are very bitter, the countryside is very poor, current situation on agriculture very dangerous ", and to make some probing in theory, and to put forward some policy suggestions for solving it

    而本文的重點則是在「農民真苦，農村真窮，農業真危險」的現狀上探討造成這種狀況的政策性因素以及為解決「三農」問題在理論上作的一些探討和提出的一些政策性建議。
  7. So the thesis, referring to the theories related to measuring credit risk abroad, combining them with the fact of switching process in china, has formed risk survey system model, which properly solves credit risk survey problem lying in off - trade assets under the demestic circumstances. that model is working in a sense and foresighting to a degree. we analyze risks in order to control them better. according to the reality of china and the need of development, the thesis recognizes that we must carry out comprehensive risk management, besides it lists the fundamental framework and indispensable elements of comprehensive risk management

    作為商業銀行的風險的研究必須堅持定量和定性相結合，本文認為我國現階段商業銀行的風險主要是體制、政策造成的，是由各種政策性因素引起進而表現為巨大的信用風險，因而本文借鑒了國外有關測量信用風險的理論，結合中國的實際，形成了風險度量制模型，較好的解決了國內條件下非交易資產的信用風險度量問題，既具有一定的實用性，又具有較強的前瞻性。
  8. This paper introduces the importance of the cost control in the e - commerce, and probes into the recessive cost control of the material flow in the e - commerce from four aspects of the order cost control, the customer - obtaining - and - retaining cost control, the cosl control though the strategical alliance and combination marketing and scale economy, and the cosl control through working rationally out the reverse material flow policy

    介紹了電子商務成本控制的重要性，並從訂單成本的控制、獲得顧客與留住顧客的成本控制、通過戰略聯盟和組合營銷及規模經濟控製成本和通過合理制定逆向物流政策控製成本4方面探討了電子商務物流隱性成本控制。
  9. Therefore, in 1995, on the 14th nccpc, the cpc has passed the “ the solution of making the ninth five - year plan of the state economy and social development and the perspective goals in 2014 by the cpccc ”, in which it is pointed that “ we should lay emphasis on the entire state economy, and realize the strategic transformation of the state - owned enterprises by channeling and recombining the stock of capital ”

    本文正是對「國退民進」這一戰略方針進行了理論上的研究和闡述。文章敘述了「國退民進」政策形成的背景和必要性，研究了在國有經濟結構調整中我國國有經濟退出的障礙以及解決途徑。並對目前社會上關于「國退民進」政策的不同觀點做了分析。
  10. On the basis of analysis of the current state of hunan post savings, the inconsistency between the state of hunan postal savings and the whole situation of post savings reform is analyzed deeply in this paper, and the author points out that hunan post savings should be reformed from all aspects such as institutes, staff, finance, production and markets etc. first of all, through the brief description of the worldwide researches on post savings, the paper shows that in each country, the establishment of post savings system is strongly associated with the policies

    本文從分析湖南郵政儲蓄機構現狀入手，深入剖析探討湖南郵政儲蓄機構與郵政儲蓄改革整體形勢的不相適應，認為必須從機構、人員、財務、產品、市場等各個方面實施全面的調整。首先，本文通過對國內外關于郵政儲蓄研究的簡要綜述，認為各國郵政儲蓄系統設立具有極強的政策性，中國郵政儲蓄體系的設立及相關政策的不斷改革與調整是多方利益主體進行博弈妥協后的產物，將郵政儲蓄改革成為商業銀行已經成為政府及各利益主體當前認可的改革方向。
  11. In this part, on the basis of reviewing the relevant trade theory, including traditional mainstream trade theory, infant industry protection, " new " trade theory and competitive advantage theory, it puts forward that the following trade policy should be taken. on the one hand, we should fully exert comparative advantage and convert comparative advantage into competitive advantage. on the other hand, although infant industry protection is inappropriate, it is necessary to analyze the use of strategic trade policy for reference

    在貿易政策部分，本文對相關的貿易理論，包括傳統主流的貿易理論（比較成本理論、要素稟賦論和產品生命周期論） 、幼稚產業保護論、 「新」貿易理論和競爭優勢論，進行評介的基礎上，提出了我國在經濟全球化下為促進工業結構升級應採取的貿易政策：一方面應充分發揮我國的比較優勢，並將比較優勢轉化為競爭優勢；另一方面指出幼稚產業保護論的不適用性，但仍可以借鑒戰略性貿易政策的一些合理之處。
  12. The study analyze the reason for brain drain in high - tech enterprise, and draw the conclusion that lacking the long - term incentive in wage system is the main cause for loss of human resource, so i raise the viewpoint of bringing in the stock options from foreign high - tech corp. after making a comparative analysis between china and america, and drawing on the experience of foreign counties in this regard. i make a suggestion in stock source, the option striking price in china, which are not contradictory with the existing laws and regulations in our country

    本文在對高新技術企業人力資源的流失原因進行分析的基礎上，得出目前國內薪酬設計中長期激勵不足是產生高科技企業人員流動的主要原因，從而確定了引入股票期權激勵機制的前提條件，其後，在對我國股權運作模式及股票期權激勵機制制約因素的分析基礎上，借鑒國外幾十年來實施股票期權的相對較為成熟的經驗，提出了對我國相關法律法規的一些政策性建議，同時，針對我國法律及公司治理等方面對股票運作的障礙，提出了與現行法律不相違背的股票來源、股票行權價等方面的設計，並建設性地針對高科技企業提出了團隊股票期權激勵計劃及針對高科技企業的股票期權運作方法，從而為相關部門制訂有關政策及法律法規提供了借鑒，也為高科技企業實施股票期權提供了一套基本的原則和方法。
  13. Part 4 proposes the property rights as the breach of chinese bank system reform should take the thorough separation of the ultimate property rights and the legal personal property rights as the prerequisite and take the joint stock system as the ultimate form. due to the strains in chinese bank reform, the author views that, on the basis of the reports at the 16th national peoples " congress, the joint stock system reform with flexibility, emphasis and division ought to be conducted and state - owned capital ought to fade out of the domain of competitive commercial bank

    對于股份制改革的具體路徑，本文指出，鑒於我國迄今銀行改革的困境，應以十六大報告為指導方針，以靈活的形式，分階段、有重點地對銀行系統進行股份制改革，促進股權的多元化、分散化和社會化，在銀行業重組中以非公有製成分的發展激活體制內產權變革，除政策性金融領域外，國有資本漸次從竟爭性的商業銀行領域淡出。
  14. These problems primary show that the current urban planning of the urban fridge is nullification ; furthermore, it also makes us think about the essence of the urban planning, that is to say, as a public policy, the nullification of urban planning appears during the planning is executed

    諸多問題集中反映了城市邊緣區城市規劃的無效性，引發了我們對于城市規劃本質的思考，即城市規劃作為一種公共政策，其無效性集中體現在城市規劃的過程之中。由此，我們認為應從城市規劃政策形成和實施過程來探索問題的癥結所在。
  15. History of agricultural policy finance. even though the financial environment is very developed, policy finance is an important part

    即使在美國、日本等高度發達的金融環境下，政策性金融仍然是一個不可或缺的重要組成部分。
  16. This paper uses arch model method in econometrics to set up an auto - regression model with different variance characteristic, which catches to the signal of herd behavior that can be comparatively sensitive. basing on the sample stocks of the index 180 of sse for studying sample, author conduct empirical tests on the non - linear relations between csad ( cross - sectional absolute deviation of returns ) and the market returns to judge whether the herd behavior in the stock market of china is remarkable. according to the empirical analysis, author finds, both in the up - market and down - market, certain herd behavior exist on the stock market of our country

    本文運用計量經濟學中的arch模型方法，建立了一個能較為敏感的捕捉到羊群行為信號的具有異方差特性的自回歸模型，以上證180指數樣本股為研究樣本，通過檢驗個股截面收益的絕對偏差（ csad ）與市場組合收益的非線性關系，來判斷我國股市羊群行為是否顯著，通過實證分析，我們發現，無論是市場上漲階段還是下跌階段，我國股市都存在一定的羊群行為，同時，本文通過比較分析，對實證結果進行深入的剖析，對羊群行為的形成原因進行簡要的分析，並對如何控制羊群行為提出了一些政策性建議。
  17. Traditional opinion holds that it is policy burden that results in soes ' lack of viability, however, this paper argues that it is the holdup problem that brings shout soes ' lack of viability

    與政策性負擔造成國有企業沒有自生能力的傳統觀點不同，本文認為是各方努力及關系專用投資的投資阻塞問題造成了國有企業沒有自生能力。
  18. The pader stud ies the net outflows of capi ta1 trom farmers ， rural area and the county area through financial channel the farmers savings deposit is the most important source supporting the agricultural and rural econo 。 y in recently 22 years 。 the rural credit cooperatives （ rccs ） and rural post savings deposit organizations become the main chamels of the outflows of rural capital the outflows of capital from the county area are very large and the outflows do harm to the county s and rural economy another problem is the serious rural financial risks there are many kinds of llnanclal risks in rural area the reasons of the rural financial risks are very complicated nd the rural financial risks do harm to the rural financial organizations and the rural economy there is close relationship between rural financial risks and rural social stability there is great potential of risks in rccs and rural nongovermental financial institutions the deposit demands of farmers are satisfied basically but the loans demands of farmers are not satisfied the dlfflcultles of farmers financing （ esp loans ） from rural credit cooperative

    問題的關鍵是如何充分利用有限的財政資金，政策性金融成為必然選擇，政策性金融是世界各國普遍運用的基本符合們協議要求的重要支持手段，必須按照「調整」與「加強」兩大思路，相應地調整和加強中國農村政策性金融。要盡快建立一套穩定的機制和渠道，一方面使農村金融機構吸收的農民儲蓄等農村資金能夠用於農村經濟發展而不致流失，另一方面要從外部增加對農業和農村經濟的資金注入。要從中國是一個發展中農業人口大國的實際國情出發，建立真正為「三農」服務的農村金融服務體系。
  19. Consequently, in order to improve the mechanisms of china ' s acm as well as to enhance its efficiency, it is essential that ( 1 ) to integrate china ' s acms separated in all of the country ; ( 2 ) to construct agricultural credit information system and to reform land market institutes ; and ( 3 ) to reconstruct china ' s agricultural credit system, especially, to reform the institutions of rcc and enlarge the scale of adbc ' s agricultural policy credit. the main innovation points in this thesis are as the following

    因此，為了改善中國農業信貸市場的運行機制，提高中國農業信貸市場效率及其對中國農業產出的績效，必須積極培育和發展農業信貸市場，並通過地區間農業信貸市場的整合來推動各地農業信貸市場的均衡發展，建立統一協調的農業信貸市場；必須建立農戶信用信息體系，降低農業信貸交易成本；改革農村耕地使用權流轉機制，建立耕地使用權交易市場，適時發展農村土地金融制度；加快對農村信用社的改革，並擴大農業政策性信貸的范圍和規模。
  20. It emphasizes on how the share system adopted in the transform affects the transform of fsts. it puts forward that to make this mode one of the important modes to push on the transform of fsts in u & cs is the effective measures to adapt the development of high - tech, and to promote the fsts change to the realistic productive force. in the mean while, the author studies on the share mode in the basis of the realistic development of the listed companies of c & us

    本論文通過對科技成果及科技成果轉化等概念進行界定，通過分析影響科技成果轉化的宏觀和微觀因素、國內和國外科技成果轉化狀況以及轉化模式，重點研究了高校科技成果轉化的股份制模式對科技成果轉化產生的影響，並提出把高校科技成果轉化的股份制模式作為推進高校科技成果轉化的一種重要的模式之一，是適應我國高科技發展以及促進高校高科技成果向現實生產力轉化的一項有利舉措，同時通過高校上市公司的實際發展狀況對股份制模式展開研究，最後結合我國國情對科技成果轉化提出政策性的建議。
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