文或律 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [wénhuòlǜ]
文或律
英文
fml or law-
Based on the frequent occurrence of international aerial crimes, the rampancy and cruelty of criminals and the reality of brutal consequence, the essay analyses the features of the crime of aircraft hijacking, the crime of imperiling international civil aerial security and the crime of obstructing international aerial navigation with the component terms from three important international conventions on punishing aerial crimes in order to help people to appreciate the appearance and the essence of typical international aerial crimes deeply, to regard the motion of the crimes and to overwhelm the offence forcefully. based on the core of the legislative status of international civil aerial security, the jurisdiction of the aerial crimes, one emphasis of the article is to clarify concrete clauses on jurisdiction in the three conventions and analyses the important principle of " aut reddere, aut punire ". based on the problems on the jurisdiction of crimes in international society, it quests the implementation of t he principles of jurisdiction, pleading and extradition in the three conventions deeply
基於目前國際社會航空犯罪時有發生，犯罪分子猖獗狠毒，危害後果十分殘重的現實，本文從國際社會關于懲治航空犯罪的三個重要國際公約（東京、海牙、蒙特利爾公約）中規定的各種航空犯罪的定義入手，深入展開了對劫持航空器罪、危害航空器飛行安全罪、危害國際民用航空機場安全罪的犯罪特徵及其構成條件的分析，以期幫助人們更深刻認識這些典型的國際航空犯罪的表現及其實質，嚴密注視這些犯罪的動向，對其進行及時有力的打擊；鑒于國際民用航空安全法律地位問題的核心是解決航空犯罪的管轄權問題，本文重點闡釋了三個公約關于管轄的具體規定，並側重分析了「或引渡或起訴」的重要原則；鑒于目前國際社會打擊國際航空犯罪管轄方面存在諸多實際問題，本文對公約規定的管轄、起訴、引渡原則的實現方式作了深入探討；鑒于各國在國內立法上對于空中犯罪的懲治、對違約國的制裁、對這類犯罪的預防措施等方面存在一些漏洞，本文根據目前掌握的一些資料，在獨立思考的基礎上，提出了一些不成熟的看法及建議，以期對國際社會懲治航空犯罪貢獻自己微薄之力。In fact, it presupposes an excellent legal archive or law library.
事實上，很可能存在一所完備的法律文件檔案室或法學圖書館。This dissertation takes feuerbachs meticulous logical structure as masterstroke, explains his whole deduction process, which from the conception of civil penalty to the theory of psychological coercion, again from law deterrence to the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime. and it also states that, feuerbach takes the external behavior for condemnatory object, obviates the intervention of sentiment, abandons moral punishment or moral principles, moreover, excludes judiciary arbitrariness by means of law restriction, besides, emphasizes law deterrence and creates the theory of psychological coercion, and as a result establishes the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime
本文以費爾巴哈嚴謹縝密的邏輯結構為主線，梳理了其從市民刑罰概念的構築到心理強制說的提出、再到確定刑罰法規中法律威懾思想的確立直至罪刑法定主義原則的整個推論過程，闡釋了費爾巴哈把客觀的、外部的行為作為處罰的對象，排除情操的介入，把法律置於可罰性的絕對根據之中，擯棄道德性刑罰或道德性原理，通過把法官約束在法律之中的方式排斥了法官的恣意專斷，又強調法律的威懾，創立心理強制說，從而確立了罪刑法定主義的刑法思想。This paper aims to explore systematically some scientific principles of resource - based cities from their formation and development to contabescence or transformation in the context of theories of resource life cycle and sustainable development. it also discusses the scientific issues of connotation, models and transformation mechanism of resource - based cities, makes an integrated assessment on their sustainable and renewable capiabilities of those cities and brings out several measures and policies for the transformation of resource - based cities in china
本論文的研究目的是從資源生命周期理論、可持續發展理論等出發，系統地分析總結資源型城市從形成、發展到衰亡或轉型的整個過程中的科學規律，探索資源型城市功能變化機制的科學問題，科學界定資源型城市內涵和發展或轉型模式，綜合評定資源型城市可持續發展和再生能力，探索我國資源型城市功能轉型機制和發展模式以及各種途徑與對策。It holds the opinion that tourism crime is the summation of criminous phenomena which take place during the process of tour ( food, accommodation, transportation, travel, shopping, recreation ), and these phenomena more or less have a connection with tourist, tour and environment ( including tourism facilities ). tourism criminology is the subject whose research object is tourism crime, it focus on the occurrence reasons, the spatio - temporal rules and the precautionary measures of tourism crime
本文認為旅遊犯罪是發生在旅遊過程中（吃、住、行、游、購、娛） ，與旅遊者、或旅遊活動、或旅遊環境（含旅遊設施） 、或旅遊產業（包括旅遊知識產權、旅遊地所屬權等）有關的所有犯罪現象的總和；旅遊犯罪學是以旅遊犯罪為研究對象，研究旅遊過程中發生的各種犯罪現象的形成原因、時空規律以及防範對策的科學。Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。For inclusion in a document that establishes or is evidence of any legal or equitable right or interest or legal liability that is not trivial, e. g. in documents that establish an individual s right of ownership of a flat
為了加入用以確立或證明任何法律或衡平法上的權利或利益或任何法律責任的文件內，而該等權利或利益或法律責任的性質並非是輕微的，For inclusion in a document that establishes or is evidence of any legal or equitable right or interest or legal liability that is not trivial, e. g. in documents that establish an individual s right of ownership of a flat. do not collect an id card number just to safeguard against a trivial loss
為了加入用以確立或證明任何法律或衡平法上的權利或利益或任何法律責任的文件內，而該等權利或利益或法律責任的性質並非是輕微的，例如用以確立個人的物業權益的文件。User explicitly acknowledges and agrees that, except as expressly provided in the preceding paragraph, to the fullest extent allowed by law, hktb shall not be obligated or liable for any direct damages, contract damages, indirect damages, incidental damages, consequential damages, special damages, exemplary damages, warranty, tort including negligence damages, product liability damages or liabilities including, but not limited to, loss of digital content, prints, digital storage media, revenue and or profit, etc damages arising with respect to your use of discoverhongkong. com e - invites and the service, even if we have been advised or have knowledge of the possibility of such damages
用戶明確確認及同意，除非前文各段有明確規定，否則在法律許可的最大限度下，香港旅遊發展局無需就閣下使用discoverhongkong . com e請卡及本服務而引起的任何直接損害賠償合約損害賠償間接損害賠償附帶損害賠償相應損害賠償特別損害賠償懲罰性損害賠償保證侵權包括疏忽損害賠償產品責任損害賠償或法律責任包括但不限於數碼內容列印本數碼儲存媒體收益及或利潤的損失而承擔任何責任，即使香港旅遊發展局已獲知會或已知悉該等損害賠償的可能性亦然。It is forgery even if the document is incomplete or ineffective in law.
即使此偽造的文件在法律上是不完整的或失效的，其行為也構成了偽造罪。The text first defines the concept 、 character and feature of judicial cognition, at the same time, author compares judicial cognition with facts without proof 、 self cognition 、 deduction 、 prove duty etc, then defines the function of judicial cognition. the text fingers out that the philosophy foundation of judicial cognition is a entity of fortuity and inevitability, the realistic foundation is economic legal procedure
本文在對司法認知的概念、特徵和性質進行界定的同時，對司法認知與免證事實、自認、推定、預決事實、證明責任等相關概念進行辨析，對司法認知的功能進行準確定位，並提出了司法認知的哲學基礎是或然性和必然性的統一，而現實基礎是法律程序的經濟性。Articles and information regarding herpetology, herpetoculture and laws and other government actions affecting reptiles and amphibians
發布有關爬蟲學養殖技術相關法律或政策的文章及資訊。In case a shareholder of the enterprise hypothecates its shareholding to its creditor under consent of other shareholders and approval of the approving authority, and the hypothecatee or other beneficiary acquires this shareholding according to law and contract, these shall be submitted : approval on hypothecation granted by the approving authority ( 1 xerox ) ; hypothecation contract signed between the hypothecating shareholder and the hypothecatee ( 1 xerox ) ; valid certification for the hypothecatee or other beneficiary in acquiring the hypothecated shareholding ( xerox, in addition to checking the original )
企業股東經其他各方股東同意將其股權質押給債權人，並經審批機關批準，質權人或其他受益人依照法律規定和合同約定取得該股東股權的，提交：審批機關批準質押批文（復印件1份） ；出質股東與質權人簽訂的質押合同（復印件1份） ；質權人或其他受益人獲取出質股權的有效證明文件（復印件，核對原件） 。The dfa, after finding the documents complete and in order, indorses the documents to the philippine foreign service post located at or having consular jurisdiction over the student s country of origin or place of residence for issuance of the student visa after ascertaining the student s identity and admissibility in accordance with dfa regulations
外交部在確認這些文件完全無誤之後，批準給學生的國家或居住地的菲律賓外交辦事處或有領事權的辦事處，在根據外交部的規則判定學生的身份和資格之後，簽發留學生簽證。學生請求在學生國家或居住國之外簽發簽證將不予以理睬。In addition to any warranty expressed or implied by fact or law, seller expressly warrants all items to be free from defects in design, workmanship, and materials ; to conform strictly to applicable specifications and approved sample, if any ; and to be fit and sufficient for the purpose intended whether expressed or reasonably implied
除任何法律或事實明文或不成文規定的保證外，賣方需確保所有貨品不存在因設計、工藝或材質引致的缺陷；賣方需明確確認有關貨品的適用規格及（如有）經認證的樣品或範例；賣方需確保所有貨品必須符合併滿足其所有明文的功能或其他任何對產品功能上的合理期待。A document made on oath ( in front of a court officer or a lawyer ) by a person guaranteeing the truthfulness of its content
在法庭監誓員或律師面前，以宣誓形式簽立該文件，以證明其內容的真確性。The foreign company should supply the notarization, authentication, certificates signed by local office, consulate and lawyer
外國（地區）企業應當提交經當地公證機關出具的公證文件、使領館出具的認證文件或律師出具的證明文件。And in english legal texts there are also some fixed words or phrases used to lead proviso clauses
在英文法律文本中，也有一些固定的詞或短語引導但書條款。In particular, hyperlinks to external websites do not in any way imply endorsement by the hong kong sar government or the department of justice. no warranty is made and no responsibility assumed as to the accuracy, authority, completeness, recentness or applicability to the hong kong sar of the texts of treaties posted on external websites
雖然編寫時已盡力收錄最新及最準確的資料，但不能保證絕無錯漏，尤其不代表香港特區政府或律政司對有關外間網站的認同，更不保證載于外間網站的公約文本均是準確無誤、具權威地位、完整無缺及適用於香港特區的最新版本。The sociology problems are based on respective humanity theory. laws should confirm correct human theory as fundament and guideline for either articles of laws or legal principles
社會學問題都具有各自的人性理論基礎，法律無論從條文或法理的層面都應該確立正確的人性理論作為基礎和指引。分享友人