既成損害 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jìchéngsǔnhài]
既成損害 英文
damage done
  • 既 : Ⅰ副詞（已經） already Ⅱ連詞1 （既然） since; as; now that 2 （跟「且、又、也」等副詞連用 表示兩種...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 損 : Ⅰ動詞1 （減少） decrease; lose 2 （損害） harm; damage 3 [方言] （用尖刻的話挖苦人） speak sarcas...
  • 損害 : harm; damage; injure; damnify; [生物學] lesion; blight
  1. Mr kibaki has been hoping that time is on his side, that the violence and anger will burn itself out, that the opposition led by raila odinga will gradually be forced to accept a fait accompli, that the african union and leaders of countries close to kenya will rally to the incumbent in their usual clubbable manner, and that kenya ' s biggest trading partners and aid givers will shrink from penalising him because general sanctions would hurt kenya ' s many poor

    齊貝吉先生一直相信自己擁有時間上的優勢，這樣的話，暴力和憤怒將很快平息，由雷拉?奧廷加領導的反對派將逐漸被迫接受這個既成事實，非盟和肯尼亞相鄰國家的領導人將集合起來，以他們慣常的圓滑手段來承擔義務，肯尼亞最大的貿易夥伴和援助者將會退縮，以此來懲罰他，因為全面制裁會損害肯尼亞的許多窮人。
  2. Firstly, due to the limitation of acquaintanceship the peasats mutual enthusiasm was wrongly regarded as their socialist enthusiasm, which resulted in the equalitarian distribution and impinged the middle peasants " interests ; secondly, the mistake of " left " was inevitable because the " left " policy was carried through from the top to the lower by executive orders, although the prorincial committee of hunan attempted to resist the mistake of " left " ; thirdly, according to the policy of " uniting middle peasants ", the middle peasants were only the objects of unibus so they might be regarded as friends or enemies as well and they could be united or perished as well

    究其原因，主要是三個方面，第一，由於當時認識水平所限，把農民的互助積極性當作社會主義積極性，實行平均主義，這樣必然會侵犯、損害中農利益。第二，雖然湖南省委對「左」的錯誤努力堅持加以糾正，但「左」的錯誤用行政命令方式自上而下，無法避免。第三， 「團結中農」在實踐中把中農作看統一戰線對象，則既可做朋友，也可成敵人，也即既可做團結對象，也可成為打擊目標。
  3. But being wrong and not taking the loss, that is what does the damage to the pocket book and to the soul

    但是，如果我做得不對，不肯接受我輸了的事實，記對既會才這賬本也對心靈造成損害。
  4. This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in china wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following : first, under the condition that there is a distance of time between inj ury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation ; the second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries ; the third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation

    本文重點探討的就是公民生命權受到侵害、健康權受到侵害、 「死者人格」受到侵害這三種情形下的受害人近親屬的精神損害賠償請求權問題。探討以介紹和比較國外相關法律規定和學術理論為前提，結合我國的實際情況，從理論與實踐相結合的角度對以上各問題分別進行了分析，並提出了作者自己的一些見解：第一、在公民從受傷害到死亡有一段時間距離的情形下，死者的近親屬除依法享有其固有的精神損害賠償請求權以外，還可以繼承死者生前就其所受之精神損害而享有的精神損害賠償請求權；第二、在加害人的行為已造成直接受害人殘疾，或者是造成其健康嚴重受損的其他後果的情形下，我國應在借鑒國外已有立法和判例的基礎上，賦予一定范圍內的受害人近親屬以精神損害賠償請求權；第三、法律保護死者人格不受侵害的目的是為了保護死者近親屬的利益和維護公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近親屬能證明其訴訟主體的合法性，能夠證實侵害「死者人格」的行為已構成侵權，即可推定死者近親屬因此而遭受了精神痛苦? ?無須舉證的「名義上的精神損害」 ，死者近親屬即可提起精神損害賠償之訴。最後，本文認為，加強對受害人近親屬的權利和利益保護問題的研究，既有一定的必要性，同時又具有十分重要的現實意義。
  5. In recent years, cases of minors in school to harm people are more and more frequent, and this has been on the rise. this not only affects the normal school activities, but also the healthy growth of minors in school. therefore, the minors ’ wrongdoing is not only a serious legal issue, but also a matter of the future of the nation ' s social problems which attracted widespread attention of the community. once such incident occurred, guardians often attributed the liability to the school management, and request the school to undertake the responsibility, so the research of schools responsible became more and more highly anticipated. in - depth study of this issue has important theoretical and practical significance. the school allege is the school of the narrow sense. the article explored in the context of minors in school during school caused by other physical harm minors in school. it is characterized by : 1. the two sides of subjects are in the school minors students ; 2

    這不僅關繫到學校教育活動的正常進行，而且關繫到未成年人的健康成長，因而既是一個嚴肅的法律問題，也是一個關乎國家和民族未來的社會問題，引起了社會各界的普遍重視。此類事件一旦發生，監護人往往歸咎于學校疏於管理、未盡職責，而要求學校承擔賠償責任，這就使學校責任的研究倍受關注。深入研究學校對在校未成年人致人損害的民事責任問題極具理論和現實意義。
  6. The present article understands that the improvement of the civil regime relies on insistence of the following principles : ( l ) the assurance of judicial justice, as to realize the axiological objective of the regime ; ( 2 ) proportional intervention, on interfering illicit civil activities, proportionality should be considered ; ( 3 ) procedural effectiviness, to achieve the maximum litigation effect with the minimum litigation cost specially for the cases in which technical defects are found, but in the mean time, common interest are not prejudiced, the promotion of civil protest may lead to an expenditure much higher than the litigation value, therefore, civil protest authority should not promote the civil protest

    維護司法公正原則，是完善民事抗訴制度的重要原則之一，體現了制定這項制度的目的；適度干預原則在強調對違法民事行為進行干預的同時，指出這種干預應是適度的。抗訴的適度性體現在兩個方面：一是尊重當事人的處分權，二是維護法院裁判的既判力。訴訟效益原則指出，民事抗訴制度應以最少量的訴訟投入獲得最優化的訴訟效果，對于那些雖在技術上存在不足或缺憾之處但不損害公益的生效裁判，若提出抗訴可能導致人力物力的支出比裁判所涉及的訴訟標的額更大或造成當事人的無端訟累，抗訴機關不宜提出抗訴。
  7. For a long time, the action mode of authority creed has been adopted in civil procedure, while the legislation and the theoretical circles do n ' t pay enough attention to the principle of good faith. compared to western countries, the existing system of civil procedure cannot effectively protect the right of action of the parties. although we do not have the tradition of the rule of law, our culture of

    訴訟法既保障當事人實質意義上的公正，也強調當事人人格尊嚴不受侵犯，實質公正和程序公正並重，因此，訴訟法上的歸責不以行為人給他人造成實際損害為要件，只要行為人實施了違反誠信義務的行為，且主觀上存在過錯，即應承擔違反誠信原則的法律後果。
  8. On the substance hand, i hold : subrogation rights of debtor is a kind of conditional and statutory content of creditor " s right ; it needs subjective and objective condition, for example, the first debtor ' s should be due, etc ; the result of exercising the subrogation is that the second debtor clears the debt to the first debtor not the creditor

    在實體法方面，筆者認為：債權人代位權實質上是一種附一定條件的法定的債權權能，其構成應滿足一定的要件，其中包括主債務人能行使而不行使到期債權，債權人遭受了遲延履行的實際損害，其代位債權必須是非專屬于主債務人的既存的合法的財產性權利等，債權人代位權的行使結果是次債務人向主債務人清償債務，債權人不能獨占該財產以充抵自己的債權。
  9. Reducing operating cost whilst enhancing overall operating efficiency of the cooling system. ammonia has zero ozone depletion and is a very environmentally friendly refrigerant

    ，既能減低成本，又可提高運作效率；而且氨氣不會損害臭氧層，是非常環保的雪種。
  10. The most serious problem is the crime investigation unit plays the role of " player " as well as the role of " coach " in the " game " of the criminal search. in addition, the current system is lacking the necessary restrictive rules for the activity of criminal search. thus, it is inevitable that the criminal search will be abused and the rights of the citizens will be infringed

    從我國規定內容看，搜查制度立法過于粗疏，缺乏一些重要的搜查制度規定，最為嚴重的是偵查機關既當「裁判」又當「球員」 ，再加之搜查程序缺乏必要限制，最終反映在執法上，必然會造成搜查權力的濫用，從而極大地損害無辜公民的正當權益。
  11. When there is contractual relation between professional and concerned party, it ' s up to the concerned party to choose tort liability or contract violation liability. besides the contractual relation, the liability could occur in contract making neglience, negotiorum gestio or damage to third party, to which liabilities for breach of contract could not be applied, because there is no contractual relation between them

    本文認為，專家責任屬於一種綜合責任：在專家與當事人之間存在契約關系時，專家對自己的損害行為既可能承擔違約責任，也可能承擔侵權責任；在契約關系之外，專家尚可因為締約過失、無因管理、對第三人造成損害等情形承擔賠償責任，此時，由於在專家與當事人之間不存在契約關系，當無適用違約責任之可能。
  12. This exemption will reduce the compliance cost of the industry without compromising the capability of the inland revenue department to collect stamp duty

    此項豁免既不損害稅務局徵收印花稅，又可有助減低業界的遵行成本。
  13. In 1987 when it was defined as " development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs " the 1992 united nations conference for environment and development ( known as rio earth summit ), adopted this definition and to date, over one hundred countries have set up high level commissions or committees to promote sustainable development. reviews of the international and regional situation were undertaken early in the study programme to provide a context for the work in hong kong

    這份報告把可持續發展一詞銓釋為既能滿足我們現今的需要，而又不損害子孫後代能滿足他們的需要的發展模式。一九九二年聯合國環境及發展會議（又稱為里約熱內盧地球高峰會議）通過采納這定義。直至今日，超過一百個國家已成立高層次的委員會，以促進可持續發展。
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