替代缺陷 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tìdàiquēxiàn]
替代缺陷 英文
substitution defect
  • 替 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） replace; substitute for; supply [take] the place of 2 [書面語] （衰敗） decline Ⅱ...
  • 代 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） take the place of; be in place of 2 （代理） act on behalf of; acting Ⅱ名詞1 （歷...
  • 缺 : Ⅰ動詞1 （缺乏; 短少） be short of; lack 2 （殘缺） be missing; be incomplete 3 （該到而未到） be ...
  • 陷 : Ⅰ名詞1 （陷阱） pitfall; trap2 （缺點） defect; deficiency Ⅱ動詞1 （掉進） get stuck or bogged do...
  • 替代 : substitute for; supersede; replace; substitution; replacement
  • 缺陷 : defect; fault; faultiness; vitium; lesion; flaw; disorder; imperfection; drawback; blemish
  1. We have been closely cooperated with beijing institute of technology, one of the most prestigious university in china, and co - developed ion vacuum plating technique, multi - arc tin coating technique and twin - eccentric automatic fuel supply advancer in the recent years successively, and acquired many patents. the sag and scda series fuel supply advancer manufactured in one of our branch company : has adopted the advanced twin - eccentric blocks structure, thoroughly changed the traditional structurearc block, sliding block. the angle of advance is very accurate and precise, also perfect at position resume

    由本總公司提前器廠生產的sag scdm兩大系列供油角度自動提前器，改變了目前提前器市場上的傳統結構，用先進的雙偏心式結構，代替了二十年一貫制的弧形塊滑塊式結構，具有提前角特別靈敏，恢復性好，怠速運轉無噪音等優點，克服了提前器擺動大漏油等常見缺陷。
  2. A suitable assessment method for second - hand machinery was established based on multi - indicatrix of unified assessment method in this paper. evidence theory was used to define index - system for second - hand machinery and succeeded in fusing different experts " opinions impersonally in order to lessen the risks in the paper. pair - set theory, a new method was introduced to confirm relative criterions by quantitative analyses

    集對分析是一門新興的聯系數學分析方法，文中引入該方法成功地解決了相對標準選擇缺乏定量方法的問題，使其克服了設備估價中參照物選擇依賴決策者個人意志的缺陷，按照聯系數學分析思想代替個人的主觀判斷，簡便適用，很適合在實踐中使用。
  3. However, the waterproof function and anti - fungus capability of ccf is relatively so poor that the quantity of first - grade and excellent - quality products is very few. in addition, the external antifriction layer of ccf is expensive and faulty, and 80 % of manufactories in china depend on the import antifriction paper. aimed at the situation, this paper put forward a simple and effective way - rabbet surface sealing technique ( rsst ) to improve the waterproof function and anti - fungus capability of ccf

    本文針對其防水抗霉性能較差、一等品及優等品極少；以及其表層耐磨紙價格昂貴、缺陷較多，尤其我國生產廠家80依賴進口耐磨紙的現狀，提出一種簡便而行之有效的方法? ?企口表面全封閉法來改善復合強化地板的防水抗霉性能，並採用國產材料研製出一種集裝飾功能與高耐磨性能於一體、生產成本很低的新型高耐磨層，以替代進口耐磨紙。
  4. The apbf institution has business ability and policy information advantages in censoring, so the loan policy may have " inductive effect " on commercial financial organs ; ( 3 ) agriculture and rural economy are confronted with many puzzles and challenges, and the poor - quality condition of our agriculture has not changed for a long time. it can be explained that we have not made full use of our economic and financial instruments and that the scarcity of finances has been in such a high level. combined with policy and financing, apbf is the most suitable choice for government to protect agriculture ; ( 4 ) developing apbf is in need of deepening of the reform of financial system

    究其原因，外部在於農村經濟體制改革滯后、農村金融體制改革反復不定、對農業扶持和保護的力度不夠；內部在於制度上的缺陷所致：一是缺乏管理和運營的法律制度；二是在於對農業政策性金融的經營成果的計算和組織管理比較困難；三是由於農業政策性金融要代替商業金融對存在外部性的農業進行投資，這種業務在中國本來就是商業金融盡力迴避的困難工作；四是特殊的政策性制度設計導致農業政策性金融信貸資產風險大；五是自主經營權落實不夠。
  5. The author selects cas and ifrs as the subjects of research, and applies discriminant analysis and average distance method to measure the international harmony of accounting standards respectively. it is found that the discriminant analysis method has some deficiencies, and the average distance method that we put forward

    經分析，我們發現，國外學者曾採用的判定分析法存在較大缺陷，而本文提出的平均距離可以替代類馬氏距離和配比率作為測量準則協調度的指標，其效果較為理想。
  6. But when sampling rate is high, most traditional digital signal processing and control algorithms are inherently ill - conditioned. considerable progress has been made by the use of delta operator on ameliorating ill - conditioning problems

    研究結果表明，當采樣頻率很高時，傳統的信號處理和控制方法存在著不可避免的缺陷，而採用delta運算元描述代替移位運算元描述方法可以適當地改善這些缺陷。
  7. In knowledge and economic time, the life - or - death relationship between enterprises is replaced by win - win strategy cooperation relationship between supply chains. supply chain meets the quickly changeable demands of markets and customers with faster and more flexible agile methods. this paper addresses supply chain information - flow model based on eim ( enterprise integrated model ) and builds the overall criterion of enterprise data resource and the methods of data resource processing after analyzing the disadvantages of information share and information integration in traditional supply chain

    本論文針對知識經濟時代，企業之間競爭博弈關系已經被供應鏈之間雙贏的戰略合作夥伴關系所代替，供應鏈以敏捷方式滿足市場和顧客的快速變化需求的特點，在分析傳統供應鏈存在信息共享和信息集成缺陷的基礎上，提出基於企業整體模型的供應鏈的信息模型，建立企業數據資源和數據資源處理方法的全局規范，解決數據冗餘和數據處理方法優化等問題。
  8. At one time complex structure and area of weariness crack ( including whole suspension hollow axis of swivel, half suspension adopted axletree, substituting holistic grinding steel wheels for wheel - hoop compounded wheels, different wheel - axletree structure of different locomotives, different transmission chamfer machining step of axletresses and driven traction gear etc. ) centralizing make wave clutter and repeat to disturb recognition of real fault wave

    同時，由於全懸掛空心軸、半懸掛抱軸承等復雜結構車軸的使用和整體碾鋼輪陸續替代輪箍組裝式車輪，各型機車輪軸結構不同，車軸加工臺階和過渡圓角不同，從動牽引齒輪與車軸採用過盈裝配等，在這些結構復雜且疲勞裂紋產生集中的區域，探傷時極易發生波形交織和重復，難以識別真正缺陷波。
  9. The defect of products is a element of product liability. in one hand it concerns that if the harmed consumers can be remedied and hi another hand, to determine and classify the defect of products properly is a key step of balancing duty. there are three standards relating to defect of products : subjective standard, objective standard, mixed standard. the author considers that the mixed standard is rather available. defect can be classified into three kinds : designing defect, alerting defect, producing defect. according to the definitation, there are three conditions to determine designing defectthere exists foreseeable danger in products when products are sold ; there may exist alternative resonable design ; the alternative design can reduce or dissolve defect of product. the standard is beneficial for producers. the part also rethinks the rules related to the standard of products defect

    缺陷可分為三類：設計缺陷、警示缺陷和製造缺陷。 《美國侵權行為法第三次重述產品責任》對設計缺陷和警示缺陷的定義作了調整值得注意。依照這一定義，設計缺陷認定需要三個條件：產品在投入流通時存在可預見的致損風險；可能存在針對該產品缺陷的合理替代設計；合理替代設計可以減少或消除該致損風險。
  10. Arguments about the name of the crime arguments mentioned above include : the crime of not putting forwards the sources of enormous assets ; the crime of processes of enormous assets which have unclear sources ; the crime of not able to provide the legal source of the enormous assets ; the crime of covering the souses of enormous assets, the crime of grabbing enormous assets, the crime of having enormous illegal assets, etc. on the other hand, the supreme court of china define the name is the crime of the crime of huge unidentified property 。 though by doing this we have cleared the chaos in the legal practice, there are still hills of

    通過對巨額財產來源不明罪法條解釋爭論問題之評析，得出巨額財產來源不明罪存在自身缺陷，不能達到邏輯的自足性，任何期待進行圓滿解釋的學說，都只能是牽強的。因此，主張以拒不申報、虛假申報財產罪替代巨額財產來源不明罪，同時也需要對拒不申報、虛假申報財產罪前置制度如個人財產申報、金融監管和監督制約等制度進行建設，並通過法律將其上升為國家意志予以保障。
  11. Aim at the dtc ' s blemish mentioned above and the direction of dtc technique development, the dissertation put great emphasis on the work as follows, with an eye to exalt dtc system function : ( 1 ) a new speed - flux observer of an induction motor is proposed to enhance the accuracy of flux observing, which is an adaptive closed - loop flux observer and different from the traditions. a new adaptive speed - observation - way is deduced out according to the popov ' s stability theories ; ( 2 ) to improve the performance of dtc at low speed operation, we have to exalt the accuracy of the stator flux estimation and a new way of bp neural network based on extended pidbp algorithm is given to estimate and tune the stator resistance of an induction motor to increase the accuracy of the stator flux estimation ; ( 3 ) digital signal processor is adopted to realize digital control. an device of direct torque control system is designed for experiment using tms320lf2407 chip produced by ti company ; ( 4 ) bring up a distributed direct torque control system based on sercos bus, sercos stand for serial real time communication system agreement which is most in keeping with synchronous with moderate motor control ; ( 5 ) the basic design frame of the hardware and software of the whole control system is given here and some concrete problem in the experiments is described here in detail

    針對上面提到的直接轉矩控制的缺陷和未來直接轉矩控制技術發展方向，本論文重點做了以下幾個方面的工作，目的在於提高dtc系統的綜合性能： （ 1 ）提出一種新型的速度磁鏈觀測器，新型的速度磁鏈觀測器採用自適應閉環磁鏈觀測器代替傳統的積分器從而提高磁鏈觀測的精度，並且根據popov超穩定性理論推導出轉速的新型自適應收斂律； （ 2 ）改善系統的低速運行性能，主要從提高低速時對定子磁鏈的估計精度入手，提出了一種提高定子磁鏈觀測精度的新思路? ?利用基於bp網路增廣pidbp學習演算法來實時在線地修正定子電阻參數； （ 3 ）採用數字信號處理器dsp實現系統全數字化硬體控制，結合ti公司生產的tms320lf2407晶元，設計了直接轉矩控制系統的實驗裝置； （ 4 ）提出了基於sercos總線網路化分散式的直接轉矩控制系統， sercos （ serialrealtimecommunicationsystem ）是目前最適合同步和協調控制的串列實時通信協議； （ 5 ）基本勾勒出整個控制系統的硬體和軟體設計基本框架，詳細描述一些實驗中的具體的細節問題。
  12. Abstract : owing to the defects in high cost and short life of the copper contact shoes on electric arc furnace, it was redesigned and replaced with graphite contact shoes. by using it to a 6. 3mva electric arc furnace, result shows that the operating life is longer and the furnace hot ? down time is decreased obviously. operating cost reduced greately

    文摘:針對電爐銅頭電瓦成本高、壽命短的缺陷，對其重新設計改造，以石墨導電瓦代替銅頭導電瓦，並應用在6 . 3mva電爐上，結果其使用壽命長，爐子熱停次數顯著減少，生產成本大幅度降低。
  13. So the most urgent problem to solve is how to improve the audit quality. to improve listed companies ' information disclosure and caps ' securities audit quality, csrc has made a new measure " a shares supplementary auditing ". in fact, high securities audit quality decides in a good system. one choice is to establish the audit quality evaluation system and a perfect audit quality control system, which can instruct investors to make rational decisions. in this, study, a theoretical framework of audit quality evaluation system is presented including two parts : apprasing standards system of accounting firms ' audit quality and evaluation system of specific audit engagement ' s audit quality, followed inspectively by the empirical analysis of the audit quality based on the listed companies ' 2001year financial statements, and make an comparative analysis of audit quality control system between america and china, disclose shortness of our audit quality control system. in order to improve effectively audit quality, some relevant suggestion and means are provided

    本文認為，注冊會計師證券審計質量要真正得到提高，關鍵在於一個好的制度安排。制度選擇之一就是建立一個可操作的質量評價體系和完善的全面質量控制體系，為投資者導航引向、趨利避害。本文在參考大量國內外相關研究理論的基礎上，研究了審計質量低劣的理論成因，嘗試構建了審計質量替代指標的理論體系，包括事務所審計質量的替代指標和單個審計項目審計質量的替代指標，並結合2001年度年報進行了實證分析；通過對美國和中國審計質量控制體系的對比分析，揭示我國審計質量控制體系的缺陷以及從美國經驗得到的啟示，並提出改進審計質量的途徑和相關建議，包括宏觀、中觀、微觀三個層次的全面質量管理策略和獨立審計經營戰略。
  14. The automatic magnetic particle testing system improves efficiency and reliability of part testing, while it substitutes computer vision for operator ' s watching

    自動磁粉探傷系統用計算機視覺觀察來代替人眼判斷缺陷，提高了零件檢測的效率和可靠性。
  15. Through pointing out the limitations of taguchi outer / inner orthogonal array experiment method, it has been studied that three methods : comprehensive noise factors, split - plot experiment and direct modeling of response using combined arrays, are alternatives to the orthogonal array design

    3通過指出田口的內外正交表試驗中存在的缺陷，研究分析了替代正交試驗的三種方法：綜合噪聲因素法、裂區試驗法和利用結合表直接建立響應模型法。
  16. The three open - ended fund companies that are huaan innovation, southern steady growth and huaxia growth have set up and developed in 2001, and it marked a new development stage in the progress of china ' s mutual fund industry

    作為一種金融產品和金融工具，開放式基金與其他金融產品相比有著不可替代的優點，同時也不可避免地存在其自身難以克服的缺陷。
  17. Online certif cate status protocol ( ocsp ) allows a client to query a responder for the status of one or more certificates and get up - to - date information on their validity. pki implementations can use ocsp instead of, or as a complement to, certificate revocation lists to overcome latency, scalability or manageability problems inherent in solutions based on crls

    在線證書狀態協議（ ocsp ）容許客戶通過簡單的查詢獲得實時的證書狀態信息，目前在pki實現中， ocsp已經成為證書撤銷列表（ crl ）的替代或補充機制，以克服基於crl機制的延時性、可擴展性差、難于管理等缺陷。
  18. In light of the defeats of ward equivalent method in reactive response, a new ward - pv equivalent method is presented in stead of ward equivalent, which follows the similar iterative equivalent and newton modification procedures to simulate the integrated power flow

    針對ward等值方法在無功響應方面存在的缺陷，本文又採用ward ? pv等值法代替ward等值法，同樣通過交替等值和牛頓修正，來完成一體化潮流的模擬計算。
  19. Background is high resolution moving picture. the working principle is like midi karaoke player. but the defect of midi is obvious, midi music is pure musical instruments play combination, expression ability be got restriction. now, with the advance of technology, will use the form of mp3 lyric karaoke songs to replace the form of midi, the song files playing have realized original sing, to improve the amusement of karaoke. make mtv sing more to be fill with expression, another, the price is cheap, below with midi karaoke player product of same class. becase support cd vcd dvd jpeg mp3 mpeg4 disc form moreover, so apply extensively

    這款點歌機主要的特點是支持mp3走字字幕格式的mtv歌曲文件，背景是連續滾動播放的高畫質視頻，類似於midi點歌機的工作原理，但是midi的缺陷是現而易見的，它的音樂是純樂器音符的演奏組合，表現能力就受到了限制，隨著技術的進步，用mp3走字的方式來替代midi走字的方式演義卡拉ok歌曲，歌曲文件的播放就實現了原聲原唱的要求，大大提高了卡拉ok的娛樂性，使mtv演唱更富有表現力，另外，性價比也較突出，價格總體要低於同檔次的midi點歌機產品，由於同時兼容普通cd vcd dvd jpeg mp3 mpeg4碟片的播放，具有廣泛的適用性，所以是家用娛樂設備的不二選擇。
  20. Three litigation certified concepts have their own background, through the comparative analysis among formal true concept, external true concept and legal true concept, it is clearly testified that formal true concept only has half sense, and cannot satisfies the requirement of modern litigation, therefore it cannot be the concept of modern litigated certification. the main defects of formal true concept are replacing reality by ideality, magnifying the cognition ability of lawsuit truth of human beings, violating the requirement of program value concept, and blocking the development of the modern judicatory reformation. legal true concept dose not exclude the formal true concept, and it a ccords with the cognition relativism, litigation certified relativism and program value concept, therefore, it can be the directive litigation certified concept of china ' s judicatory reformation

    訴訟證明標準理論研究應從證明標準理念、證明訴訟的法律規定和證明標準的現實把握三個層面進行，訴訟證明標準理念包括形式真實理念、法律真實理念和客觀真實理念，三種訴訟證明理念各有其形成的時代背景，通過對形式真實理念、客觀真實理念和法律真實理念全面的比較分析，可以清晰明了地證明，形式真實理念充其量具有半理性的特徵，不能滿足現代訴訟的要求，因而不可能作為現代訴訟證明理念；客觀真實理念存在的主要缺陷是用理想代替現實，誇大了人對案件事實的認識能力，違背了程序價值理論的要求，與目前的司法改革的價值取向發生沖突，阻礙了當前司法改革的進程；法律真實理念並不排斥客觀真實理念，符合認識相對論、訴訟證明相對論和程序價值理論，因此應作為指導我國司法改革的訴訟證明理念。
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