最小回波 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zuìxiǎohuíbō]
最小回波
英文
minimum echo-
The result of this paper were : 1 ) the market mircrostructure of chinese stock is ' nt market maker, two - part stock can n ' t circulate and the scale of current stock is small, so, filling right effect make dividend event do n ' t diluate the price, the stock price could n ' t reach optimal price ; 2 ) the meanings of bid - ask speed in chinese has been changed, did n ' t reflect the real trade cost, only reflect the possible trade cost, contained desire of price popple, din n ' t belong absolute liquidity again ; 3 ) turnover rate is a liquidity ' s index, speculation ' s index too, which can explain one side of liquidity, but this index is defective in chinese stock market ; 4 ) martin index was decrescent when dividend event occurred, display the liquidity of stock was improved, so, the martin index is compatible index to measure chinese stock liquidity ; 5 ) stock dividend event affect the liquidity in the stock dividend day, stock dividend event can n ' t dividend event in the bulletin day ; 6 ) the quantity stock dividend and trend of stock market was significant factors that affect the liquidity
本研究的結論是： 1 ）中國股票市場的微觀交易結構並不是採取做市商制度，且2 3的股票不能流通，流通股規模很小，存在著股票股利事件后的快速「填權」效應，使股票價格快速回升，股票股利發放事件的稀釋價格作用無法發揮，也就無法達到「最適價格」 ； 2 ）中國股市的買賣價差的含義發生了變化，不再是實際交易成本的反映，只是可能交易成本的反映，因而很大程度上代表了股價的波動意願，並不具有完全意義上的流動性含義。 3 ）就換手率而言，它既是流動性的衡量指標，也是最常用的衡量投機性的指標。換手率指標只能說明流動性的一個側面，在中國衡量流動性是有缺陷的。Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources
基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。Main conclusions drawn from the analyses of calculating results are as follows : ( 1 ) the microwave absorption of atmosphere gas have obvious attenuation at the wavelengths for cloud detection, thereinto, the water attenuation effect changes greatly, so the 94ghz cloud detecting radar should have water vapor attenuation correction scheme. ( 2 ) when 37ghz and 94ghz radars detect clouds, the difference between the atmosphere and cloud attenuation and the large variety of radar reflectivity conduce the intension of the radar backscatter signals change. ( 3 ) for the thin cloud layer and low water content of cloud, 37 - ghz radar backscatter signals are not as good as 94 - ghz radar, that is to say that the 94ghz radar has better capability in thin clouds detection
本工作得出如下結論： （ 1 ）大氣氣體的微波吸收在測雲波段產生明顯的衰減，其中水汽衰減效應變化很大；即將上天的空間94ghz測雲雷達必須有水汽衰減訂正方案； （ 2 ） 37ghz和94ghz雷達測雲，由於大氣和雲衰減不同和雷達反射率的很大差異，導致雷達回波信號強弱不同； （ 3 ）對雲層較薄、含水量較少的雲，在不計雷達參數的情況下， 37ghz雷達回波信號不如94ghz測雲雷達，也就是說94ghz對薄雲有更強的探測能力；對雲層較厚、含水量大的雲，由於強衰減的作用， 94ghz雷達回波信號小於37ghz雷達； （ 4 ）從大氣衰減的不利因素方面考慮，空間94ghz雷達測高層薄雲的效果最好；測低層薄雲時需要考慮氣體衰減訂正；因濃厚雲的強衰減作用，探測其中下部的能力大大減弱，不僅要進行衰減訂正，而且要藉助其他信息來反演整個雲層的含水量垂直分佈； （ 5 ）為了獲得從極薄到極濃厚雲的垂直分佈探測能力，未來測雲雷達系統最好採用雙波長甚至三波長（如94 、 37和13ghz ） 。Finally, the method of estimating power customer emission level based on binary linear regression is put forward, which make it a condition that harmonic emission is steady at the point of common coupling. combined with power system thevenin equivalent and customer norton equivalent, according to the principle of least squares method, the voltage that a customer ' s harmonic current begets at the point of common coupling can be estimated in the light of the plural correlation of network parameters
最後，提出了基於二元線性回歸的用戶諧波發射水平估計方法，該方法在假設公共聯接點諧波發射穩定的情況下，結合系統側戴維南等值與用戶側諾頓等值的電路圖，按照最小二乘法原理，利用電網各參數的復數關系推導關于系統側諧波阻抗的二元線性回歸方程，並根據諧波阻抗的估計值求取用戶諧波電流在公共聯四川大學碩士學位論文（ 2003 ）接點產生的電壓降。The principle of multi - method and multi - parameter is suggested, which should be followed during characterizing microstructures of alloy steels by ultrasonic not method. ultrasonic velocity ( c, ) of transformation products through different heat processes of three steels was measured by high - accuracy ultrasonic installation. the velocity of quenched microstructure of 38crmoal is the lowest, which gradually increases with increasing tempering temperature between 200 ? and 650 ? after quenching process
利用ti - 40n高精度超聲波測厚儀，研究了超聲波在不同鋼種、不同熱處理轉變產物中的超聲波速度c _ 1 : 38crmoal鋼淬火組織c _ 1最小，淬火后在200 650范圍內進行回火處理時，隨回火溫度的升高， c _ 1逐漸升高， hrc與c _ 1之間具有較好的相關性；正火組織的c _ 1介於淬火后中溫回火及高溫回火產物組織的c _ 1之間。The results of the simulations show this method can keep the amplitude of the desired signal, restrain the interference signal, and keep the output power of array to minimum
模擬表明，採用自適應演算法能夠在保證接收方向回波信號幅度保持不變的條件下，抑制干擾信號，且使陣列輸出功率最小。In order to better detect the image edge information, firstly, non ? linear median filter technology of characteristic direction was applied to filter out the gauss noise ; secondly, ( 3, 1 ) biorthogonal spline wavelet was used as the primitive wavelet filter, adopting lifting scheme to build the most superior biorthogonal wavelet filter, and applying the superior biorthogonal wavelet to the multiresolution wavelet edge detection ; at the same time, floating threshold was defined and applied to the image edge detection, and the image edge position was located accurately
在激光探測系統中，微弱的回波圖像淹沒在強背景噪聲中，為更好地檢測這類含噪圖像的邊緣信息，首先應用特徵方向非線性中值濾波技術，濾去高斯噪聲；其次，選擇（ 3 ， 1 ）雙正交樣條小波作為原始小波濾波器，採用提升方案構造最優雙正交小波濾波器，應用構造的雙正交小波進行多尺度小波邊緣檢測；同時，通過定義浮動閾值，並應用於圖像邊緣檢測，較準確地定位了邊緣位置。In order to better detect the image edge information, firstly, non - linear median filter technology of characteristic direction was applied to filter out the gauss noise ; secondly, ( 3, 1 ) biorthogonal spline wavelet was used as the primitive wavelet filter, adopting lifting scheme to build the most superior biorthogonal wavelet filters and applying the superior biorthogonal wavelet to the multiresolution wavelet edge detection ; at the same time, floating threshold was defined and applied to the image edge detection, and the image edge position was located accurately
在激光探測系統中，微弱的回波圖像淹沒在強背景噪聲中，為更好地檢測這類含噪圖像的邊緣信息，首先應用特徵方向非線性中值濾波技術，濾去高斯噪聲；其次，選擇（ 3 ， 1 ）雙正交樣條小波作為原始小波濾波器，採用提升方案構造最優雙正交小波濾波器，應用構造的雙正交小波進行多尺度小波邊緣檢測；同時，通過定義浮動閾值，並應用於圖像邊緣檢測，較準確地定位了邊緣位置。Finally, it takes a detailed test to the processed millimeter 4 - bit digital phase shifter. the test result is better than expectant guideline : the maximum of the phase error is 10, the insertion loss is better than 10. 74db, the return loss is more than - 14. 88db in the 33. 9ghz 34. 5ghz frequency band. the whole volume of the phase shifter is 80mm 35mm 20mm
最後，對加工出的毫米波四位數字移相器進行了測試，測試結果完全達到了預定指標要求:在所要求的33 . 9ghz 34 . 5ghz頻帶內，最大相移誤差小於10 ，插入損耗小於10 . 74db ，輸入輸出回波損耗大於- 14 . 88db ，整個電路尺寸為80mm 35mm 20mm 。The insert loss of the passive circuit is less than 3. 5db, return loss better than 10db. the ammic5040 is used to drive the tga1141, and the power is splited into two signals, each of these is to drive tag4517. at the output port, the power is 4w
無源網路損耗小於3 . 5db ，回波損耗優於10db 。第一級放大器採用ammc5040以驅動tga1141 ，通過功率分配器將信號分為兩路以驅動兩路tga4517功率放大器。最後獲得了4w連續波功率輸出。There are two ways to enhance the radar ' s detection performance : ( 1 ) for certain signal to noise ratio, choose a optimum detection threshold, whose false decisions producing minimum cost under the preset cost rules ; ( 2 ) basically reduce the false decision probability by increasing echo ' s snr
雷達在噪聲背景中檢測信號是一個概率問題，提高雷達的檢測能力可歸結為如下兩個途徑： （ 1 ）在信噪比一定的情況下，選擇一最佳門限，使其在一定風險準則下錯誤判決產生的「代價」最小。 （ 2 ）提高回波信號的信噪比，從根本上減小錯誤判決的概率。In this paper semiparametric regression is presented to solve the problem, moreover the algorithm is given. it is an iterative process between linear estimation and nonlinear estimation. the linear estimation is ls estimation and the nonlinear estimation is a wavelet denoising process of residual
本文提出的半參數回歸方法較好的解決了上述問題，並給出了相應的演算法：這是一種線性估計和非線性估計相互迭代的方法，線性估計是最小二乘法，而非線性估計是基於小波對殘差去噪的方法。The mapping the pilot training from the lower dimension space to high dimension space, and in the high dimension space, the wave - let kernel function is adopted, according to recursion least square criteria, the lower linear inseparable problem is convert to the separable problem
然後將根據結構風險遞歸二乘最小化準則回歸估計支持向量機原理，把導頻訓練序列映射到高維空間，並在高維空間採用結構小波核函數，達到了將低維空間的非線性估計轉化為高維空間的線性估計的目的。The fuzzy probabilistic data association of multiple targets tracking is presented in this paper, which define a target ? uzzy set on the measurement set at time k and then use fuzzy least mean square error method to estimate target states
給出了一種多目標跟蹤的模糊概率數據關聯方法，該方法在k時刻的回波集上定義一個目標模糊集，表示回波與目標之間的模糊關系。然後基於目標模糊集，利用模糊最小均方誤差估計方法對目標狀態作出估計。According to the seismic convolution model, a kind of matched filters in time - scale domain is designed for echo signal detection of ground penetrating radar ( gpr ) and implemented in this paper, which is applied to detect the location and amplitude of single reflection wavelet in receiving signal through continuous wavelet transform
摘要根據地震褶積模型，設計並實現了應用於探地雷達回波信號檢測的時間尺度域匹配濾波器，利用小波變換的時間定位性和尺度伸縮性，檢測出雷達接收信號中單個反射子波的位置與強弱信息，利用已知的雷達發射子波模型還原回波信號，達到了濾除噪聲、最佳接收的目的。Using the relation between spectrum width and entropy and the different contributions devoted by each angle motion parameter to the echo spectrum width of the difference beam, the global optimal estimation is obtained through searching the angle motion parameters of zero and higher order via max - entropy and min - entropy respectively
該方法利用了各階運動參數對差波束回波譜寬度的不同貢獻以及熵與譜寬度的關系，通過最大熵和最小熵分別對0階和1階以上角運動參數進行搜索，得到全局最優估計。In chapter 2, many kinds of adaptive filter algorithms are discussed. this section analyzes the least mean squares ( lms ), normalized lms ( nlms ) and recursive least squares ( rls ) algorithms, and evaluates their performance as acoustic echo canceller
分析了最小均方誤差（ lms ）演算法、歸一化的最小均方誤差（ nlms ）演算法和遞歸的最小二乘（ rls ）演算法，並且結合聲回波抵消演算法評估了它們的性能。The results show that ( 1 ) the " prediction & cancellation " method can successfully smooth the reverberation and sharpen edges of the echo, so may detect echoes which power are great than the reverberation background by odb in one channel, ( 2 ) the scaled probabilities method can effectually separate a echo which power is great than the background by 6db, while the reverberation is cancelled dr astically
果。計算結果表明， 「預測一抵消」演算法對混響有平滑作用，對回波則有突出信號邊緣的作用，單通道情況下的最小可檢測信號干擾背景功率比約為odb 。概率凈化演算法在信號干擾背景功率比大於6db的情況下能有效分離回波、抑制混響。The equation of selecting filter capacitor is derived to make the feedback energy which is produced by the inverter to be minimum. the value of the capacitor has been decreased from 20u. f to 7. 6fif and the efficiency has been improved by 1. 5 %. the maximal filter inductor value has been given on the base of the hysteresis control principle
推導出了使逆變橋的無功回饋能量最小的濾波電容取值公式，原理樣機的濾波容因此從20 f減小到7 . 6 f ，減小了62 ；系統的效率提高了1 . 5個百分點，重量也有所減小。In case of high input dimension system model, taking norm of input vector as the input of wavelet network instead of using tensor product method to construct wavelet network, which could solve the problems of high computation and curse of dimensionality. in the selecting of specific wavelet basis, this thesis first gets initial wavelet basis collection according to spectrum analysis, then gives the least squares regression algorithm to optimize wavelet basis collection based on the least estimation error criteria, which could also initialize the model parameters and increase the speed of convergence
對于具體的模型小波基函數選擇，本文首先對樣本數據進行時頻域分析，根據小波基函數時頻空間覆蓋樣本時頻空間的原則，在小波框架中選擇建模所用的函數集，然後根據估計誤差最小準則，給出最小二乘回歸優選演算法以進一步優化小波基函數集。分享友人