材積尺 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [cáijīchǐ]
材積尺
英文
board rule-
As an advanced materials preparation technology, spray - deposition has shown remarkable superiority in producing large - sized alloys and metal matrix composites. however, the spray deposeted preforms usually contain a certain quantity of porosity. besides, the oxide films on the surface of the particles lead to week metallurgic conjunction between the particles. in order to obtain an ideal structure and performance, the porous preforms need further densifying and plastical forming. in this paper, a new technology named wedge pressing was used to densify spray - deposeted 5a06 aluminium alloy, in which the large deformation can be obtained through the sum - up of local deformation and multi - step small deformation. this method can also solved the problems in traditional processing and greatly decreased the producing cost. what ’ s more, the reserch on the wedge pressing desification rules about the large - sized spray deposeted preforms was significant it was vital not only to the further densification of the prefoums but also to the further research on plastical deforming the research was also benefit to the industrialization an the application of the spray deposeted porous materials
坩堝移動式噴射沉積技術作為一種先進的材料制備新技術，在制備大尺寸合金及金屬基復合材料方面具有顯著的優越性。然而噴射沉積坯件特別是大型坯件通常存在一定量的孔隙，顆粒表面存在一定量的氧化膜，顆粒之間未能完全達到良好的冶金結合狀態，因此需要進行后續緻密化和塑性變形才能獲得理想的組織和性能。本文採用一種新型的楔形壓制工藝，即通過局部變形、多道次小變形累積實現大變形的緻密化加工方法，對噴射沉積多孔坯料進行后續緻密化和塑性變形，很好地解決了傳統加工工藝的難題，大大降低了生產成本。The macao venetian, of about 2, 000, 000, 000 dollars, was invested by las vegas sands inc and located on golden light avenue, with a occupational area about 10, 500, 000 square meters, and the roof and metope are steel structures with sculpts
澳門「威尼斯人」工程，是由美國拉斯維加斯金沙集團股份有限公司，投資二十億美元興建，該工程位於澳門路?金光大道，佔地面積一千零五十萬平方尺，其中頂部、墻面都採用鋼結構材料表面加造型。The crystalline structure changes of pp induced by pan - milling were characterized by x - ray diffraction and raman spectroscopy. xrd analyses show that when pp was co - milled with uhmwpe, crystal transformation of pp occurred, its crystallinity and crystallite size decreased, whereas, only slight reduction of crystallinity and crystallite size were observed and no crystal transformation was found when pp was co - milled with wtr chips, and amorphization of pp was strongly enhanced by co - milling pp with iron
採用x -射線衍射研究了聚丙烯碾磨粉碎過程微觀結構變化， uhmwpe存在下pp發生晶型轉變、結晶度降低和晶粒尺寸減小；彈性材料wtr抑制pp塑性變形，碾磨導致分子堆積有序區域膨脹，晶面間距增大，結晶度下降；剛性材料金屬鐵與pp產生強烈摩擦，加快晶粒細化，晶格破裂導致非晶化。According to the topological analysis of the unit cells, the relationship between the braiding parameters is established, such as braiding angle, braiding pitch, fiber volume fraction, dimension of composites etc.
經過對三維編織細觀結構的拓撲分析，建立了編織工藝參數之間的關系，如編織角、編織花節長、纖維體積含量、復合材料的尺寸等。The results show that the composites were more wear resistant than the matrix, contributing to the " volume effect " and " size effect ", the wear resistance increases with the particle content and size. the composite shows better wear resistance than high chromium cast iron material especially in low load and fine abrasive test condition. the results also indicate that the composite strengthened by ageing treatment was more wear resistant than as - cast composite
磨損試驗結果表明，鑄造碳化鎢顆粒增強cu - ni - mn合金基復合材料具有比較高的抗磨料磨損能力，而且其耐磨性隨著鑄造碳化鎢顆粒體積分數及尺寸的增大而提高，表現出了強烈的「體積效應」及「尺寸效應」 ，尤其是在低載荷、細磨料磨損條件下，復合材料表現出更好的而寸磨性，即使與高鉻鑄鐵（ cr28 ）相比也有很大程度的提高。The main purpose of this paper is to study crack growth rate of a class of nonlinear viscoelastic materials under the condition of constant load and small - strain. in this paper : the new test program is raised by referencing the existing test programs and by our trial and error ; in the new test program, facilities involved in the nonlinear viscoelastic crack tests are relatively few, the test process is relatively simple and the data obtained from the experiments are credible. on this basic, the calculation of j integral of nonlinear viscoelastic double cantilever beams specimens and the parameter of fracture work of corresponding nonlinear viscoelasticity are derived
具體成果包括： 1 、證實了雙懸臂梁試件用於非線性粘彈性裂紋擴展實驗研究的優點：雙懸臂梁試件在實驗中能觀測到的擴展過程持續時間比較長，在計算j積分時，計算方法簡單； 2 、得到了改性聚丙烯材料用於非線性粘彈性裂紋擴展實驗的兩種有效的試件構形和相應的試件尺寸；採用不斷改善夾具的方法使得加載穩定； 3 、經過連續四個多月的時間得到了一組有用的實驗數據； 4 、得到了裂紋長度與時間的關系、裂紋擴展速度與時間的關系、裂紋擴展速度與裂紋長度的關系。Measuring log volume is always a key part in many departments, such as forest industry
原木材積的測量一直是林業部門生產的一個關鍵環節，長期以來使用人工檢尺的方法。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。Compared with the existing rp methods using high energy density beams, the hpdm method solved the key problems of insufficient dimensional precision and surface quality caused by the step effect and no - supporting, and puts forward a new way to directly manufacture the difficult - to - machining materials parts with short - routine, low - cost and high quality
該技術解決了現有高能束熔積成形技術因無支撐和臺階效應造成的尺寸精度和表面質量不高的瓶頸問題，是難加工材料零件短流程、低成本、高質量無模精確製造的新的有效加工方法。Plate valves for displacement compressors ; suction valves, discharge valves ; main dimensions, materials, installation
容積式壓縮機的板閥.吸氣閥.放氣閥.主要尺寸.材料和Under the condition of space moving changed system and the engineering practice, a function of the pixel dimension, the mtf of ccd sensor imaging, the width of target strip and the image motion has been acquired 4. under the condition of one pixel image motion and the nyquist frequencies, adopting the convolution method, the ratios of the mtf with image motion to the idea mtf are 0. 667
這樣就為在工程實際中，在空間移變條件下，求取了ccd探測器影像的mtf 、像元尺寸、影像分辨力和像移量四者之間的一個簡潔的函數關系:材了萬二1一（ 2 + n一m ） 2 ? o4n4 .採用模擬的方法和採用卷積方法的比較。Using the microwave selective heating property for materials, by setup equivalent equation, and first time inducing the electromagnetic field perturbation theory to the design of heating materials for substrate in mpcvd, three temperature distribution modes were established, including temperature distribution comprehensive mode of inhomogeneous plasma, temperature distribution composite mode of composite substrate materials, temperature distribution perturbation mode of composite materials, which ii provided an whole new technology route to the design of substrate heating system in mpcvd and guided the preparation of heating materials for substrate. and then the heating materials for substrate were designed and optimized to obtain large area homogeneous temperature distribution even larger than substrate holder ' s diameter. as an important part, this thesis researched the nucleation and growth of diamond films in mpcvd, systematically researched the effects of substrate pretreatment, methane concentration, deposition pressure and substrate temperature etc experimental technologic parameters on diamond films " quality on ( 100 ) single crystal silicon substrate in the process of mpcvd, characterized the films qualities in laser raman spectra ( raman ), x - ray diffraction ( xrd ), scanning electron microscopy ( sem ), infrared transmission spectra ( ir ), atomic force microscopy ( afm ), determined the optimum parameters for mpcvd high quality diamond in the mpcvd - 4 mode system
該系統可通過沉積參數的精確控制，以控制沉積過程，減少金剛石膜生長過程中的缺陷，並採用光纖光譜儀檢測分析等離子體的可見光光譜以監測微波等離體化學氣相沉積過程；利用微波對材料的選擇加熱特性，通過構造等效方程，並首次將電磁場攝動理論引入到mpcvd的基片加熱材料的設計中，建立了非均勻等離子體溫度場綜合模型、復合介質基片材料的復合溫度場模型及復合介質材料溫度場攝動模型，為mpcvd的基片加熱系統設計提供了一條全新的技術路線以指導基片加熱材料的制備，並對基片加熱材料進行了設計和優選，以獲取大面積均勻的溫度場區，甚至獲得大於基片臺尺寸的均勻溫度區；作為研究重點之一，開展了微波等離體化學氣相沉積金剛石的成核與生長研究，系統地研究了在（ 100 ）單晶硅基片上mpcvd沉積金剛石膜的實驗過程中，基片預處理、甲烷濃度、沉積氣壓、基體溫度等不同實驗工藝參數對金剛石薄膜質量的影響，分別用raman光譜、 x射線衍射（ xrd ） 、掃描電鏡（ sem ） 、紅外透射光譜（ ir ） 、原子力顯微鏡（ afm ）對薄膜進行了表徵，確立了該系統上mpcvd金剛石膜的最佳的實驗工藝參數。Secondly, the effect of transverse deforming on the property of the wedge pressing was studied. the results showed that : the wedge pressing stock with the transverse deforming amount of 10 % acquired the best performance. the highest density got the biggest rate of slope while with the amount of 30 % the curve was more some special structure and performance as following : the large porosities was crushed into small or linear ones with the high - direction deformation amount of 20 % ; as the increasing of the high - direction deforming, the particles got a further deforming, the porosities got a further crushing, the small porosities were mergered by the large ones and the former then disappeared ; when the amound reached 60 %, the quantity of the porosities would obviously decrease which made the materials compact, the microstructure more uniform and the density and hardness curves more horizontal, the relative desity could reach 99. 7 %, the tensile strength b of the as - compacted samples reached 408mpa with the yield strength s teached 289mpa and the elongation percentage reached 13. 6 %. in addition, the microstructure of the wedge pressing stock under the pressing temperectureof 450 was uniform, the porosities and the boundries of the grains basically disappeared and the conjunction between particles was great
採用雙向楔形壓制，大尺寸噴射沉積5a06鋁合金楔壓坯的組織和性能變化具有如下特點:當高向變形量為20 %時，大的孔洞變形破碎為小的孔洞，或呈線狀孔;隨著高向變形量的增加，顆粒進一步變形，孔洞進一步破碎，大孔「吞併」小孔，小孔塌陷並逐步消失;當高向變形量達到60 %時，孔洞量大為減少，材料基本緻密，組織趨于均勻，楔壓坯料的密度、硬度變化曲線接近水平線，坯料的相對密度達99 . 7 % ，抗拉強度_ b = 408mpa ，屈服強度_ （ 0 . 2 ） = 289mpa ，延伸率= 13 . 6 % ;對比其它的壓制溫度，在450楔形壓制的坯料組織均勻，孔洞及顆粒邊界基本消失，顆粒之間冶金結合良好。The conclusions are drawn as following : 1. regularity of fabrication in aluminum matrix composite ring - shaped performs with large dimensions and effects of parameters were investigated, based on the novel crucible movable spray deposition technology and equipment. the optimal parameters are that the diameter of the delivery tube is 3. 8mm, spray gas pressure is 0. 8mpa, spray height is 200mm, and transferring pressure of sic is 0. 5mpa
通過系統的實驗研究得到如下結論: 1 .基於新型的移動坩堝自動化控制噴射沉積環坯制備技術及裝置，研究了大尺寸鋁基復合材料環坯的制備規律，討論了噴射沉積工藝參數對沉積坯形成過程的影響，得到了最佳工藝參數:導流管直徑d = 3 . 8mm ，霧化氣體壓力p = 0 . 8mpa ，噴射高度h = 200mm ， sic顆粒輸送壓力p送= 0 . 5mpa 。Based on these parameters, the performs with the outer diameter 1200mm, the inner diameter 600mm and thickness 100mm were prepared. composition and microstructure homogeneity combined with fine primary silicon grain and uniform distribution of sic reinforced particles of 15 % were achieved
並在此工藝參數下，制備出了不同硅含量的鋁基復合材料環坯，其尺寸為1200 600 100mm ，沉積坯的組織均勻、初晶硅細小，增強相sic顆粒的分佈均勻，體積分數約為15 % 。This demonstrates that gpp molecules have intercalated into the nanoscale interlayers of graphite sheets as well as the pores ( from nanoscale to microscale ) of eg networks. the large structure - occupation of the formed eg - gpp networks results in low ? c, high b and excellent conductivity of the nanocomposites, for instance, the electrical conductivity at room temperature is up to 2. 49x10 - 3 s / cm at 3. 90 vol % eg content. 2
證明gpp分子通過溶液插層已充分插入eg網路納米尺度的石墨片層之間和從納米到微米尺度的孔隙之中，所形成的eg ? gpp復合網路具有大的結構佔有體積，因而材料具有低_ c 、高b和優異的導電性， 3 . 90vol eg含量下，室溫體積電導率達2 . 49 10 ~ （ - 3 ） s cm 。It is importance of the experiment about measuring principal stress combined bending with torsion in mechanics of materials. this paper points out shortcomings in the traditional experimental devices combined bending with torsion and establishes theory and principles for designing superminiaturizational experimental device combined bending with torsion through analyses of stress and strain state at the measured point a ( b ). it also designs the superminiaturizational experimental device, which has smaller space and more precision and has more reasonable structure measurements in this paper
彎扭組合主應力測定實驗在材料力學實驗中佔有重要的地位，作者指出了老式彎扭組合實驗設備的缺點，通過對所測點a （ b ）處應力應變狀態分析，確立了設計超小型化彎扭組合實驗裝置的理論基礎、設計原則，設計出了體積小，加載簡單，結構尺寸合理，精度高的超小型化彎扭組合實驗裝置。As the temperature and the soak time increasing, crystallite size, graphitic degree and average particle size of the graphite increase, while specific surface area decreases. the electrochemical performance of modified graphite is improved with the change in structure and surface characteristics
結果表明，隨著熱處理溫度的升高和恆溫時間的延長，石墨材料的石墨化度、石墨微晶尺寸l _ c及l _ a逐漸增大，比表面積減小，平均粒徑增大，充放電性能得到改善。With prestressed rolling mill of the middle steelworks of taiyuan iron and steel limited group company as the researched object, this article analyze the existent questions and research the initial stress of prestressed rolling mill and computer control system, analyze the design thought of prestressed rolling mill and clarify the relationship between the dimensional precision of rolled material and the rigidity of base of rolling mill and the main method to increase the rigidity of base of rolling mill, analyze how to confirm the rigidity, sectional area of handle and post, and pretightening force, put forward the viewpoint that the key to assure great rigidity is to assure that the remnant initial stress is always positive during rolling, and develop intelligent control system with plc as the core on the basis of the former research to assure that the remnant initial stress is always positive during rolling
本文以太鋼集團公司中型型鋼廠預應力軋機為對象，分析了該廠預應力軋機所存在的問題，對預應力軋機的預應力以及微機控制進行了系統研究；分析了預應力軋機的設計思路，闡明了軋材尺寸精度與軋機機座剛度的關系及提高軋機機座剛度的主要途徑；分析了預應力軋機設計過程中預應力軋機的剛度、預緊拉桿和機架立柱斷面積及預緊力的確定；提出了預應力軋機保證高剛度的關鍵就是「確保軋制過程中，殘余預應力始終大於零」的觀點；在前述研究的基礎上開發了以可編程邏輯控制器為核心的智能監控系統，以確保「軋制過程中，殘余預應力始終大於零」這個要求。A finite element analysis ( fea ) was eventually conducted, using mori - tanaka model and j - integral, to further explain the toughening mechanisms and fracture behaviour of the particle interleaved composites. the aim of the analysis was to examine the influence of the particle concentration and size, and the interaction between the particle and the crack tip. fea results indicate that interlayer zones can effectively lower j - integral and stress around the crack tip, and the high stress distribution in the region close to the interface can be the driving force for interfacial failure
本文的最後還藉助于有限元方法對層間增韌復合材料進行了宏觀和細觀斷裂韌性分析，基於mori - tanaka等效夾雜理論，計算了顆粒含量和尺寸對j積分的影響，有限元分析的結果同樣表明層間增韌可以有效的降低裂紋尖端應力水平，並暗示界面是可能存在的失效原因，所進行的數值分析起到了進一步支持和解釋增韌機理的作用。分享友人