條約的展期 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [tiáoyāodezhǎnqī]
條約的展期
英文
renewal of treaties-
Based on the frequent occurrence of international aerial crimes, the rampancy and cruelty of criminals and the reality of brutal consequence, the essay analyses the features of the crime of aircraft hijacking, the crime of imperiling international civil aerial security and the crime of obstructing international aerial navigation with the component terms from three important international conventions on punishing aerial crimes in order to help people to appreciate the appearance and the essence of typical international aerial crimes deeply, to regard the motion of the crimes and to overwhelm the offence forcefully. based on the core of the legislative status of international civil aerial security, the jurisdiction of the aerial crimes, one emphasis of the article is to clarify concrete clauses on jurisdiction in the three conventions and analyses the important principle of " aut reddere, aut punire ". based on the problems on the jurisdiction of crimes in international society, it quests the implementation of t he principles of jurisdiction, pleading and extradition in the three conventions deeply
基於目前國際社會航空犯罪時有發生，犯罪分子猖獗狠毒，危害後果十分殘重的現實，本文從國際社會關于懲治航空犯罪的三個重要國際公約（東京、海牙、蒙特利爾公約）中規定的各種航空犯罪的定義入手，深入展開了對劫持航空器罪、危害航空器飛行安全罪、危害國際民用航空機場安全罪的犯罪特徵及其構成條件的分析，以期幫助人們更深刻認識這些典型的國際航空犯罪的表現及其實質，嚴密注視這些犯罪的動向，對其進行及時有力的打擊；鑒于國際民用航空安全法律地位問題的核心是解決航空犯罪的管轄權問題，本文重點闡釋了三個公約關于管轄的具體規定，並側重分析了「或引渡或起訴」的重要原則；鑒于目前國際社會打擊國際航空犯罪管轄方面存在諸多實際問題，本文對公約規定的管轄、起訴、引渡原則的實現方式作了深入探討；鑒于各國在國內立法上對于空中犯罪的懲治、對違約國的制裁、對這類犯罪的預防措施等方面存在一些漏洞，本文根據目前掌握的一些資料，在獨立思考的基礎上，提出了一些不成熟的看法及建議，以期對國際社會懲治航空犯罪貢獻自己微薄之力。Adopting rational agent characteristic could add the auditor into corporate contract to educing optimum solution ; opening out the auditor incentive factors in auditing demand theory and the monitor mechanism of auditing. a multi - agent corporate model including the firm owner, the manager and the auditor of the corporate is analyzed in the paper, the conclusions are : educing the optimum solution of model which could prevent the manager and the auditor becoming collusive or skulked ; clarifying the relationship between monitoring of the firm owner and working of the auditor, and illustrating the behavior combination of optimum solution ; further analyzing the relationship among monitoring degree, punishment of auditor and the auditor risk. adapting the model from a single term to serial terms, and adding the non - monetary utility of auditor - - - reputation into the model ; describing behavior of the firm owner in reality and clarifying the necessity of monitoring by the owner and the environment improvements it needs
論文採用所有者經理人審計師多代理人模型為基礎進行分析，主要成果是：得出能夠防止共謀和不努力工作的模型最優解集合；通過因素分析闡明審計師工作努力程度與所有者監控力度之間的直接關系，以及審計合約最優解的行為策略組合及其制定順序；引申分析所有者監控力度與審計風險、審計師懲罰力度之間的關系；成功的將模型從單一期間擴展到多期間情況，並且將審計師聲譽等非現金收入形式的效用影響加入到模型當中；通過分析審計實務中的所有者行為特徵說明所有者對審計師工作實施監控的必要性，以及實現該監控所需的條件。Currently, more and more chinese citizens enjoy to “ home gardon ” in their apartments. they usually pour their plant by “ tap water ”. we know that it would be better for the growth of plant if we pour them by “ rain water ” or “ river water ” instead of “ tap water ”, but many of chinese citizens living in apartments are not able to collect and store enough “ rain water ” in the days of rain cause their limited living space. therefore i offer those businessmen who selling “ soil of gardon ” can also collect and store “ rain water ” and “ snow water ” in the special weather days and sell them to the families of enjoying gardon in apartments. this sort of commercial action would be low cost. that would solve the health problems of plant cause poured “ tap water ” and bring benefits to businessmen. the most important thing is : if this commercial action would have developed for a long time so that it could be practiced all over chinese cities, our country would save large quantity of “ tap water ” every year
當今的城市中，綠色植物已經成為家居美化中必不可少的因素，隨著人們越來越崇尚「熱愛綠色、回歸自然」的生活方式，家庭園藝將會被更多的家庭所熱衷，粗通園藝的人都知道，用雨水、河水澆花遠勝于自來水，可是由於時間和居住條件所限，城市居民很難在下雨的時候收集足夠的雨水儲存起來用於家庭園藝，建議售賣園藝土等園藝用品的市場商戶，能在雨雪天收集大量的雨水、雪水儲存起來，賣給熱愛養花的家庭，價廉物美，一方面可解決公寓樓中中長期用自來水澆花帶來的不良問題，一方面給自己帶來些收益，最重要的是： 「涓涓細流，匯成江河」 ，如果這種設想能發展成長期的商業行為，並在各大城市都實行起來，那每年能節約多少自來水呀！That, as the complaints about unscrupulous business practices in pay television, telecommunications and internet services have been on the rise in recent years, this council urges the government to review the existing mechanism, strengthen the regulation of the business practices of providers of such services, examine the extension of section 7m of the telecommunications ordinance, which regulates misleading or deceptive conduct of telecommunications operators, to cover pay television, and introduce a cooling - off period and standard terms in the contracts, so as to safeguard the rights and interests of consumers
鑒于近年投訴收費電視電訊及網際網路服務不當營商手法的個案不斷增加，本會促請政府檢討現行機制，加強監管該等服務供應商的營商手法，研究將現時電訊條例第7m條規管電訊商具誤導性或欺騙性的行為的條款擴展至涵蓋收費電視，並引入合約冷靜期及標準合約條款，以保障消費者權益。Hon martin lee chu - ming moved a motion on " regulating the transactions of new private residential properties " to urge the government, among other things, to introduce the sales descriptions of uncompleted residential properties bill into legco, formulate legislation for regulating the sale of new residential properties, draw up guidelines on property sales and promotion activities, and study the provision of a cooling - off period in the contracts of new private residential properties
李柱銘議員動議一項有關"監管一手私人物業交易"的議案，促請政府採取多項措施，包括向立法會提交未建成住宅物業銷售說明條例草案制定監管出售一手私人住宅物業的法例制訂有關物業展銷活動的指引，以及研究設立一手私人住宅物業合約冷靜期。In chapter 9 we summarize the whole paper, and explain the shortages of this paper and problems to further study. main conclusions of this paper are as follows : the first, state - owned funds have always been predominant in venture capital sources in china, and this caused the " government - operated model " which leads to excessive government ' s interferes and distorted venture capital contracts ; the second, limited partnership contract is better than incorporated company contract, because the former has obvious advantages in not only encouragement and controls, but also in investors " profits. however, this paper insists, incorporated company contracts will still be very popular in the near future because limited partnership still be illegal in most provinces of china ; the third, venture capitalists " share of profits in compensation clause of fundraising contracts is influenced by investors " attitude towards difficulties and obstacles of future investment
本文研究的主要結論：第一，在我國風險資本來源中，政府風險資本一直居於主導地位，這造就了我國風險投資的「官辦官營」模式，使其契約機制從一開始就帶有「行政干預」的烙印；第二，有限合夥契約在約束機制、激勵機制、投資者收益三個方面都明顯優于公司制契約，因此是我國風險融資契約的發展方向，但由於有限合夥在我國受到法律限制，公司制契約在一定時期內仍是我國風險融資契約的主要形式；第三，融資契約報酬條款中的激勵系數受主體先驗概率影響，借鑒有限合夥契約，可對我國公司制融資契約進行改造與重構；第四，與債權契約、普通股契約相比，可轉換優先股契約可以有效緩解風險投資過程中的信息不對稱、降低代理成本，因此是我國風險投資契約的最優選擇。Our nation is transforming from traditional agriculture society to modern industry society and it ' s traditional institutions need change, too. under planned economy system. unit system of higher education was set after 1952. in condition of the system of market economy, unit system of higher education has n ' t fit the need of universities and social development, so it must be transferred to contract system of higher education. which suits to the system of marketable economy. thus this will largen universities " scale. increase it ' s quality and benefit moderization of higher education and society
其中， 1952年以後的「高教單位制」是在計劃體制之下形成的一種高教制度設置。在新時期的市場經濟條件下，高教單位制已不適應高校和社會的發展要求，因而要對其進行變遷。繼而要建立全范圍的與市場經濟相吻合的高教契約制，使高校的規模、質量、效益得到擴大和提高，實現高教現代化，從而致力於社會現代化。The director of lands and the director of buildings are looking at lease conditions and building regulations to provide the best support and incentives for developers, professionals and contractors to design and construct quality buildings, to use safe, durable and maintainable materials, to contribute to a maintenance fund, and to lengthen the warranty period for latent defects
地政總署署長及屋宇署署長正研究有關的批地契約條款及建築物規例，提供最佳的支持及誘因，鼓勵發展商專業人士及承建商設計及建造優質樓宇使用安全耐用的物料注資成立維修基金定出較長的樓宇保養期。This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually
但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。On the basis of primary analysis in economic theory of the reasons of shanxi merchants taking credit widely in business, the thesis using game theory which is a new method does some careful research. then it spreads out further to analyze the mechanism from idea and moral, the administrative measures and property right restrain. because of the excessive loan, especially the credit prombles of qing government " s, shanxi merchants declined rapidly. modem enterprises are a link in historic chains and their credit and development have the same causes and effects as shanxi merchants. the research into the success and failure of shanxi merchants has great practical significance and it can provide some beneficial enlightenments for the development of enterprises today
本文在運用經濟學理論對晉商在經營中廣泛採用信用的原因進行初步分析的基礎上，運用博弈論這一較新方法對其進行了細致的研究，進而從理念道德、管理措施和產權約束三個方面對其生成機制展開了深入探討。由於後期放貸過大等原因，尤其是清政府信用中的一系列問題，對晉商的衰敗起了推波助瀾的作用。現代企業是焊接在陳陳相因的歷史鏈條下的一環，其信用與發展之間有著與晉商基本相同的因果關系。Though not in line with the present laws and policies concerning real estate, many of the conclusions in this thesis result from the writer ' s long years of study and practice. these conclusions are as follows. law should not put a restriction to the assignment of the right to the use of land ; acceptance terms in the commercial housing advance sales are parts of its contract and are legally binding on the signatory parties ; the system should be set up to permit the assignment of collective ownership of land and the compensated use of curtilage in rural area ; law should permit the selling of rural houses to non - agricultural population ; the bona fide acquistio n should be applicable in china ; by analyzing the leagal theory and relevant cases concerning the dual purchase and sale of real estate, it is held that while stressing the power of registration, laws should protect the interest of the well - meaning party who faultlessly fails to register, and individuals should be regarded as the subject in the exclusive selling contract of commercial housing
本文是筆者長期工作實踐和精心研究的成果，許多見解與現行房地產法律、法規不一致，本文主要的創造性成果和新見解概括如下：法律不應當對土地使用權轉讓條件加以限制；預售商品房廣告承諾是商品房預售合同的組成部分並具有法律約束力；建立集體土地使用權轉讓制度和宅基地有償使用制度，許可農村房屋出賣給非農業人口，促進農村房地產業的發展；我國應適用不動產善意取得制度；通過對房屋雙重買賣法律問題的理論和相關案例分析，認為在強調登記效力的同時，應注意對善意一方當事人非因其過錯而未進行登記情況下的利益保護；個人應當成為商品房包銷合同的主體。The old periodical economic development law of development - depression hasn ’ t appeared in the advanced countries for nearly 20 years, which seems that they have escaped the periodical economic crisis to keep the ever - growing trend
近20年來，經濟發達國家暫時沒有出現以往周期性的發展-蕭條的經濟成長規律的制約，似乎擺脫了經濟危機的周期，經濟持續而保持著不斷增長的勢頭。The paper also conducted cost and benefit analysis that indicates the protection cost is very much higher in ipr protection in agriculture in china as compared with other countries such as the us and other western countries, this is a very important restricting factor for the patent and pvp application in china. besides, the paper also discussed the possibilities of the unified system like pct and upov for ipr applications to minimize the cost of application and maintainence. with support of survey data and developed models, the papers conclude with the priority area for ipr protection in agriculture in order is as follows : pvp, patent, trade secret, and trade marks
同時，在大量檢索和設計調查問卷的基礎上，對我國農業知識產權保護的成本和效益進行理論分析，在對比其他國家專利和新品種保護成本的基礎上，分析出我國申請農業知識產權保護的成本和被侵權后的司法訴訟成本過高，影響了我國農業知識產權的申請和保護；此外，文章還就建立類似專利合作條約（ pct ）性質的國際植物新品種保護公約，以期在多國專利同時申請方面實現帕累托最優原則進行了理論探討，在此基礎上，文章進一步對比分析實施農業知識產權保護規則對我國農業技術貿易特別是國外直接投資可能帶來的影響進行，結果表明，強化農業知識產權保護，發展中國家會增加農業技術和產品的進口，發展中的大國更是如此；文章在調查問卷的基礎上提出了我國農業知識產權方面存在的問題和今後農業知識產權保護的目標體系和優先領域，農業知識產權保護的優先順序依次為：新品種、專利、商業秘密、商標和原產地。Agriculture in yanbian has come into a new step experienced more than twenty years of reform and opening policy. it mainly improves qualities and optimize the structure and increase the income of famers. it also stresses on combination of traditional investment and capital - intensive and technology - intensive. but the core of " three agriculture " problems now which famers faced are the magrinal contribution of non - agriculture ' s income will less than before. the space is limited by going a step further in enhancing the prices of agricultural produce
延邊農業經過改革開放后20多年的發展現已進入了以提高品質、優化結構和增加農民收入為主，注重傳統投入與資本集約和技術集約相結合的優化發展新階段。但是現階段「三農」問題的核心? ?農民增收面臨著非農收入的邊際貢獻將會越來越小、進一步提高農產品價格的空間極為有限，貿易條件改善對增加農民收入的作用將逐步減弱、國家對農業和農民的補貼狀況在短期內不可能有大的改變的格局。The last chapter discusses the prospects of stock index futures in china ' s stock market. in this chapter, the author interprets the important roles of stock index futures for china ' s capital market, analyses the possible negative effects brought about by stock index futures, and consider that the conditions are getting mature. combining the international practices, this chapter raises my suggestions in the trading schemen 7 contract designing as well as supervisory system of stock index futures in china
盡管目前仍存在分歧，但大多數研究結果有助於澄清關于股指期貨市場會加劇現貨市場波動性的不切實際的指責和誤解；第四部分考察了美、日、港三種股指期貨市場的監管模式及各自的特徵，並進行了比較分析，這對於我國未來金融期貨市場的監管模式不無借鑒意義；本文最後一部分對我國開展股指期貨交易進行了探討，論述了推出我國的股指期貨交易對於我國資本市場的健康發展有著重要的現實意義，同時對可能產生的負面影響進行了全面分析，並認為我國推出股指期貨的條件也在日趨成熟，本部分還結合國際慣例，對我國股指期貨交易模式、合約設計以及監管模式提出了較為合理的設計方案。On the other hand, the functions of intermediate organizations should be improved to enhance social supervision. in the long run, bond product innovation should be speeded up, mature investors should be cultivated, reform of corporate property rights should be pushed forward, market benchmark interest rate should be constructed, parking and clearing system should be set up, off - the - board market should be promoted, dealing system should be ameliorated, market maker system should be started, and debt payment guarantee system should be established
具體對策是:首先，近期的政策措施，包括兩個方面:一是改革當前的行政審批制向核準制過渡，進一步規范發行監管主體，並盡快突破目前政策法規在發債主體、發債條件等方面的約束，為企業債券融資發展掃除制度障礙;二是在放鬆政策管制的同時，要完善中介機構尤其是信用評級機構的職能，強化社會監督作用。Equip along with the weapon continuously creative, the sharp weapon also raises continuously in the quantity and the request on the quantities, processing to produce the mode and productions to process the production request that the equipments have already ca n ' t satisfy the long sail company originally possessed. through the common consultation of the company leadership and all employee, decide to throw in the capital, carry on to the company to reform completely, expand the scale, lead quantity and quantities that controls the production line to raise the production into the number, thus satisfy the competition ability that the productivity request combines to raise the business enterprise continuously. this thesis mainly what to study is the long spring aviation liquid to press to control the limited company number to control the degree of progress that the production line installs the item excellent turn, pass to use the item management of theories resolve the problem within actual application
長春航空液壓控制有限公司前身是中國航空第二集團下屬第133廠，是一個為飛機配套機載設備的軍工企業，成立於1998年，隨著我軍裝備事業的不斷發展，對武器裝備的需要也越來越迫切，大批量的高精尖武器裝備已經成為打贏高科技精裝備條件下局部戰爭的法寶，因此長春航空液壓控制有限公司針對這一嚴峻形勢，果斷地提出利用項目管理的知識體系，引進數控生產線項目，在保證企業正常生產和安裝質量的前提下，縮短工期，節約成本並通過項目管理知識體系的運用，用系統的管理知識，提高管理效率、管理水平，並運用到其他的項目中，從而最終提高企業的生產力和競爭力。With the amendment of section 3 of the exchange fund ordinance, the use of irs has been extended to the hedging of fixed rate liabilities arising from treasury placements and deposits from other statutory bodies
自外匯基金條例第3 2條作出修訂后，利率掉期合約的使用范圍已擴展至對沖庫務署的存款和其他法定團體的存款所產生的定息負債。. because of overinvestment and long construction period in tall building, design staff make great efforts to give an optimization design in order to achieve the best structural layout and practise economy all the time. but on account of hugeness of design variable, constraint condition and computational complexity, the achievement of structural optimization for high rise building in engineering had droped behind the progress of theory out and away in recent years
高層建築投資大，建設周期長，對其進行優化設計以期獲得最優結構方案並節約投資，一直是結構工程師所努力的。但是由於設計變量、約束條件、計算量過于龐大的原因，其成果還較少應用於工程實際，目前遠遠落後于理論進展。But the institution has some maladies, such as, some limits of traditional economy ( institutional environment ), which ca n ' t facilitate the emerging and development of the industrial revolutio n. the institution of land contract goes back to the path that grants the peasants the long - term rights of using land and gaining from land. it releases some limits of traditional agriculture economy, promoting the efficiency of resource deposition, advancing the increase of rural economy, helping vast rural areas to solve the problem of dressing warmly and eating their fill
但小農經濟這種約束條件（制度環境）不利於農地產權制度的完善，也就不利於市場化工業經濟的產生和發展。土地承包制的制度創新復歸了使農民有長期的土地使用權和收益權的路徑依賴軌跡，降低了小農經濟約束程度，提高了資源配置效率，促進了農村經濟增長，使廣大農民解決了溫飽問題。分享友人