樹種變更 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shùzhǒngbiàngēng]
樹種變更
英文
species conversion-
On the lower shelf five vertical breakfast plates, six horizontal breakfast saucers on which rested inverted breakfast cups, a moustachecup, uninverted, and saucer of crown derby, four white goldrimmed eggcups, and open shammy purse displaying coins, mostly copper, and a phial of aromatic violet comfits. on the middle shelf a chipped eggcup containing pepper, a drum of table salt, four conglomerated black olives in oleaginous paper, an empty pot of plumtree s potted meat, an oval wicker basket bedded with fibre and containing one jersey pear, a halfempty bottle of william gilbey and co s white invalid port, half disrobed of its swathe of coralpink tissue paper, a packet of epps s soluble cocoa, five ounces of anne lynch s choice tea at 2 - per lb. in a crinkled leadpaper bag, a cylindrical canister containing the best crystallised lump sugar, two onions, one the larger, spanish, entire, the other, smaller, irish, bisected with augmented surface and more redolent, a jar of irish model dairy s cream, a jug of brown crockery containing a noggin and a quarter of soured adulterated milk, converted by heat into water, acidulous serum and semisolidified curds, which added to the quantity subtracted for mr bloom s and mrs fleming s breakfasts made one imperial pint, the total quantity originally delivered, two cloves, a halfpenny and a small dish containing a slice of fresh ribsteak
中層放著一隻盛了胡椒粉的有缺口的蛋杯，飯桌上還擺著那種鼓狀食鹽瓶，用油紙包著的四顆粘成一團的黑色橄欖，一聽李樹商標肉罐頭36的空罐兒，墊著纖絲的橢圓形柳條筐里是一隻澤西37梨，喝剩下的半瓶威廉吉爾比公司38釀造的藥用白葡萄酒裹在瓶子上的粉珊瑚色薄繪紙已剝掉了一半，一包埃普斯公司製造的速溶可可一隻縐錫紙袋裡裝著安妮林奇公司39出品的五英兩特級茶葉，每磅二先令一隻圓筒形罐子，盛著優質結晶角沙糖兩顆蔥頭，較大的那顆西班牙種的是完整的，較小的那顆愛爾蘭種的已經切成兩瓣兒，面積擴大了，氣味也更沖鼻了一罐愛爾蘭模範奶場的乳酪，一隻褐色陶罐，盛著四分之一品脫零四分之一兌了水並變酸了的牛奶由於炎熱，它已化為水酸性乳漿與半固體凝乳，再加上布盧姆先生和弗萊明大媽40作為早餐消費掉的部分，就足夠一英品脫了，相當于原先送來的總量兩朵丁香花蕾，一枚半便士硬幣和盛有一片新鮮排骨肉的一個小碟子。Rapid prototyping technology changed the traditional pattern of product design, which could offer product sample for the designer, reduced design cycle and quicken the schedule of new product design, and it gave the decision - makers visual feeling. ; rp technology provided kinds of molds including resin - boncled mold laminate mold, investment mold and lost foam casting mold and so on for sand casting investment casting and cavityless casting, it could also use direct shell production casting to make pattern dies metal dies die - casting dies injection dies directly, and it could even produce casting products in small scales. the applications of fdm technology in plaster precision casting and the rapid casting technology based on sls technology were introduced, the organic combination between rapid prototyping tecnnology and foundry process, which initiated a new period of rapid manufacturing metal parts, by using advanced new technology alternated traditional foundry industry to make it looked brand - new, thus, the competition of foundry industry would be improved ; rapid prototyping technology offered a rapid economical feasible technical method, common processes of using rapid prototyping technology to produce dies were discussed, in the paper it explored that. the problem of combining rapid prototyping technology with electric arc metal - spraying technology to make metal dies and technics in dies manufacturing of combining rapid prototyping technology with precision casting, rapid tooling based on rapid prototyping, integrated advanced new technology and tradition technology of rapid prototyping manufacture, each superiority were exerted, rapid prototyping technology had been an efficiency measure to rapid update products and develop new product, and to middle -
快速成型技術改變了傳統的產品開發模式，可以為設計者提供產品樣件，縮短設計周期，加快新產品的開發進度，為決策者提供直觀性；快速成型技術迅速提供砂型鑄造、熔模鑄造、實型鑄造用的各種模樣，包括樹脂模、層壓模、熔模和消失模等，還可採用直接制殼鑄造法直接製造熔模鑄造用的壓型、金屬型、壓鑄型、注塑模，甚至直接製造小批量鑄件，介紹了熔積成型技術在石膏型精密鑄造上的應用和基於選擇性激光燒結技術的快速鑄造技術，快速成型技術與鑄造工藝的有機結合，開創了快速製造金屬零件的新階段，對用高新技術改造傳統的鑄造工業，使其面貌煥然一新，增強鑄造行業的競爭能力；快速成型技術為母模的製造提供了一條快速、經濟、可行的技術途徑，討論了利用快速成型技術製造模具的一般工藝方法，探討了將快速成型技術與金屬電弧噴鍍技術結合起來快速製造金屬模具問題，以及快速成型技術與精密鑄造技術相結合的模具製造工藝，基於快速成型製造的快速模具技術，集成了快速成型製造高新技術和傳統技術，發揮各自優勢，已成為產品快速更新換代和新產品開發及中、小批量生產的有效手段之一。The furniture once appropriated to the lower apartments had from time to time been removed here, as fashions changed : and the imperfect light entering by their narrow casement showed bed - steads of a hundred years old ; chests in oak or walnut, looking, with their strange carvings of palm branches and cherubs heads, like types of the hebrew ark ; rows of venerable chairs, high - backed and narrow ; stools still more antiquated, on whose cushioned tops were yet apparent traces of half - effaced embroideries, wrought by fingers that for two generations had been coffin - dust
一度歸層次更底房間使用的傢具，因為時尚的變更，逐漸搬到了這里。從狹窄的窗扉投射進來的斑駁光影，映照出了有上百年歷史的床架映照出了橡樹或胡桃樹做的柜子，上面奇怪地雕刻著棕櫚樹枝和小天使頭部，看上去很像各種希伯萊約櫃映照出了一排排歷史悠久窄小高背的椅子映照出了更加古老的凳子，坐墊上明顯留著磨損了一半的刺繡，當年做繡活的手指化為塵土已經有兩代之久了。Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映The sight of the trees so near at hand had almost made me sick with longing ; but the current had soon carried me past the point ; and, as the next reach of sea opened out, i beheld a sight that changed the nature of my thoughts
近在颶尺的樹林可望而不可即，使我更加難以忍受這種煎熬，但潮流很快把我沖過了岬角。當下一片海面出現后，我看到的景觀使我改變了原來的想法。The first thing i propos d to my self, was, to throw down my enclosures, and turn all my tame cattle wild into the woods, that the enemy might not find them ; and then frequent the island in prospect of the same, or the like booty : then to the simple thing of digging up my two corn fields, that they might not find such a grain there, and still be prompted to frequent the island ; then to demolish my bower, and tent, that they might not see any vestiges of habitation, and be prompted to look farther, in order to find out the persons inhabiting
我的第一個想法，就是把那些圍墻拆掉，把所有圍地中的羊放回樹林，任憑它們變成野羊，免得敵人發現之後，為了掠奪更多的羊而經常上島騷擾其次，我又打算索性把那兩塊穀物田也挖掉，免得他們在那裡發現這種穀物后，再常常到島上來劫掠。最後，我甚至想把鄉間茅舍和海邊住所的帳篷都通通毀掉，免得他們會發現住人的痕跡，從而會進行搜索，找出住在這里的人。This paper analysis three kinds of deformations and propose resolving method respectively. a bottom - up updating method is propose especially which can compute the bounding volume of parent node through bounding volumes of the two children by k comparison. furthermore, a traverse tracing strategy that can speed up collision detection is proposed in this paper based on developing and utilizing temporal - spatial coherence in virtual environment
本文在對幾種變形情況進行分析的基礎上，分別提出了相應的解決方法，並著重提出了一種自底向上的包圍盒樹快速更新演算法，通過k次比較運算由子結點的包圍盒得到父結點的包圍盒，以解決拉壓變形和拓撲變化后包圍盒樹的更新問題。分享友人