Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil
文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林(山
地暗棕壤) 、雲冷杉暗針葉林(山
地棕針葉林土壤)和岳
樺林(生草森林土)的土壤呼吸的影響,於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量,將土壤含水量分為9 , 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級,土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 ( 35范圍內,土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內( 21 ( 37 ) ,土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高,當含水量超出該范圍,土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異,大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳
樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ,含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山
地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 , 21 ;岳
樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ,含水量37 .但是,由於長白山闊葉紅松林,雲冷杉林和岳
樺林處在不同的海拔帶上,同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同,相差4 ~ 5 ,所以野外所測的同期的山
地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率,山
地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山
地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25
Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil
為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林(山
地暗棕壤) 、雲冷杉暗針葉林(山
地棕針葉林土壤)和岳
樺林(生草森林土)的土壤呼吸的影響,於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量,將土壤含水量分為9 , 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級,土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 ( 35范圍內,土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內( 21 ( 37 ) ,土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高,當含水量超出該范圍,土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異,大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳
樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ,含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山
地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 , 21 ;岳
樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ,含水量37 .但是,由於長白山闊葉紅松林,雲冷杉林和岳
樺林處在不同的海拔帶上,同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同,相差4 ~ 5 ,所以野外所測的同期的山
地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率,山
地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山
地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25
Based on the principle of significant effect of soil fertility factors on forest growth, soil physical factors ( natural water content, bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, aggregate degree, coarse silt and physical clay ), chemical factors ( om. total n, alkali - hytrolyzable n, total p, humus and ha / fa ) and biological factors ( urease, acidphosphotase, invertase and microbes ) were selected as evaluation index system of soil fertility. applying principal component analysis, soil ifi of subalpine coniferous forest was calculated
從土壤物理、化學、生物學三方面出發,建立了川西亞高山針葉林不同演替階段土壤肥力評價指標體系,應用主成分分析,計算出不同演替階段土壤肥力綜合指標值( ifi ) ,各演替階段大小順序為: 10年生雲杉林
地跡
地原始林
地次生
樺木林
地30年生雲杉林
地20年生雲杉林
地50年生雲杉林
地60年生雲杉林
地40年生雲杉林
地。
Forests sometimes contain many tree species within a small area ( as in tropical rain and temperate deciduous forests ), or relatively few species over large areas ( e. g., taiga and arid montane coniferous forests )
作為普遍規則,受被子植物支配的森林(闊葉林)比那些受裸子植物支配的森林(松樹或針葉林)物種豐富,雖然有例外存在(例如,種類匱乏的白楊和
樺樹生長在北緯度
地區) 。
The great rambling house, with its unstained plank floors, was furnished with the simplest rough sofas and chairs and tables made of their own birch - trees by the labor of their serf carpenters
房子很寬敞,
地板沒有油漆,傢具也很簡單:幾只硬沙發,幾張桌椅,這些都是家裡的木匠用自己家裡的
樺木做的。
In different phases of development, vegetation systems in this region have changed from pioneer herbage species initially recovering in abandoned cropping lands ( bothriochloa ischemum, artenmisia giradii and stipa bungeana, artenmisia sacrorum, spodiopogen sibiricus and sophora flavecens, themeda japonica, and arundinella anomala ) to secondary shrubs ( hippophae rhamnoides, sophora viciifdia, and ostryopsis davidiana ), early forest community ( populus davidiana, betula platyphylla and platycladus orientalis with arbors or shrub assembling ), and finally liaotungesis community as the mature forest. in this study, soil profiles ( 0 - 5, 5 - 15, 15 - 25, 25 - 35, 35 - 50 cm soil layers ) were selected from typical vegetation systems representing for vegetation successions in the region
該區北部目前還保存有空間上完整的植被正向演替系列,即棄耕
地先鋒群落草本群落(白羊草bothriochloaischemum 、茭蒿artenmisiagiradii +長茅草stipabungeana 、鐵桿蒿artenmisiasacrorum 、大油芒spodiopogensibiricus +苦參sophoraflavecens 、黃菅草themedajaponica或野古草arundinellaanomala )灌叢群落(沙棘hippophaerhamnoides 、狼牙刺sophoraviciifdia 、虎榛子ostryopsisdavidiana )早期森林群落(喬灌群聚、山楊populusdavidiana 、白
樺betulaplatyphylla 、側柏platycladusorientalis 、 )遼東櫟群落( quercusliaotungensis ) 。
This paper investigated the fungus flora of 8 main tree species, which are pinus tabulaeformis, larix principis - rupprechtii mayr, betula platyphylla suk, ostryopsis davidiana decne, ulmus pumila l., quercus liaotungensis koidz, populus davidiana dode, prunus ansu, in daqingshan mountain
大青山
地區環境惡劣、植被破壞嚴重,利用菌根生物技術實現植被恢復是一個重要方向。本文對大青山8個主要樹種,即:油松、落葉松、白
樺、虎榛子、榆樹、遼東櫟、山杏菌根資源及生態進行了調查。
Abstract : soil fertility of the plantations of paramichelia baillonii, betula alnoides, acacia mangium and altingia excelsa in tropical area of yunnan does not decline rapidly, and the physical and chemical properties of forestland are not affected greatly if the plantations can be managed properly
文摘:在雲南熱區營造山桂花、西南
樺、馬尖相思、高阿丁楓等4種人工林,只要經營得當,對林
地土壤理化性質並不造成重大影響,不會引起
地力迅速衰退。
Soil ph value ranged from 6. 0 to 7. 2, the ph value had no markedly difference among the three horizons in each plot, and so did that among seven types of forest. the organic matter content in horizon a of plot g2 ( coniferous forest ) was the highest ( 193. 03a kg - 1 ) in seven plots and the lowest one was in plot g3
另外,在3個固定樣地內( g _ 1 、 g _ 2 、 g _ 3 ) ,通過埋袋試驗,研究了白樺枝條、白樺凋落葉、岷江冷杉凋落葉等3類典型凋落物在3個不同埋藏深度土壤中的分解。