次級成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [cìjíchéngběn]
次級成本 英文
secondary cost
  • 次 : Ⅰ名詞1 （次序; 等第） order; sequence 2 [書面語] （出外遠行時停留的處所） stopping place on a jou...
  • 級 : Ⅰ名詞1 （等級） level; rank; grade 2 （年級） any of the yearly divisions of a school course; gra...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 次級 : secondary
  1. Due to the multi - period tectonic movement and evolution of mechanical mechanism, syndeposition structures occur extensively in jiyang sag, the base of the sag subsided alternatively during the fault depression, which resulted in sinking of top bending and complicated block structure accordingly, reconstructed the syndeposition intensively, and produced the special structural landscape in combination with all levels of faults and sedimentary formations within it

    摘要濟陽坳陷由於受到多期構造運動的影響，在前第三系古地形高點背景上廣泛發育同沉積背斜構造，然而由於坳陷在斷陷期基底滾動式沉降，造成撓曲頂部的塌陷，形成復雜的塊斷結構，使本區同沉積構造發生強烈改造，往往與各次級斷層或沉積地層相復合，表現出獨特的構造景觀。
  2. The avermetins are a group of closely related macrocylic lactones with exceedingly high activity against helminths and anthropods. this paper review the biosyntheticpathway of the avermectins and the organization of the biosynthetic gene cluster which many groups have analysed and cloned

    阿維菌素為一種典型的次級代謝產物，生物合成途徑復雜，現在基本上對每一步合成途徑的基因及其所編碼的酶都有所了解。
  3. Having analyzed preliminarily formation mechanism of these common characteristics of anomaly, it concludes that : these are results, controlled by basically united tectonic stress field of large - range, caused by stress - strain accumulation and certain phase strong earthquakes, according to deformation difference brought about in tectonic position along the boundary zone and within second - order faults of active blocks resulted from unstable and inharmonious features for movement of block system at different levels and deformation of boundary

    分析這些異常共性特徵的形成機制，初步認為：是在基本統一的大區域構造應力場控制下，不同層次塊體系統運動及其邊界帶變形的非平穩、非協調性，在活動地塊邊界地帶和地塊內部次級斷裂構造部位產生變形差異而導致應力-應變積累、孕育強震到一定階段的結果。
  4. Following the research route of mend with study and development with creation, give the definition of risk and the methods of risk identifying, divide the risk attitude into risk loving, risk neutralism and risk avoiding, point out the importance of enhancing the risk consciousness for lightning hazard, and summarize the mechanisms of lightning hazard the theories and methods of risk assessment for lightning hazard. provide a set of risk assessment parameters for lightning hazard, which includes lightning times n, hazard probability p, hazard loss d, hazard risk r and protection efficiency e, and give the definition, decisive factor, value method and value scope of each parameter. establish a risk assessment model for lightning hazard which includes lightning hazard base module, lightning hazard probability module, lightning hazard loss module, lightning hazard accepted risk module, lightning protection cost module, correcting coefficient module, lightning hazard risk module, and lightning protection class and efficiency module

    遵循借鑒改造和發展創新的研究思路，給出了風險的定義和風險識別的方法，將風險態度分為風險喜好型、風險中庸型和風險逃避型，指出了提高雷電災害風險意識的重要性，總結了雷電災害的作用機制和雷電災害風險評估的理論與方法；提供了包括雷擊次數n 、雷災概率p 、雷災損失d 、雷災風險r和雷電防護級別與防護效率e等5類基本參數的雷電災害風險評估參數體系，並給出了各個參數的定義、參數的決定因素和取值方法以及取值范圍；設計了包括雷電災害基礎模塊、雷電災害概率評估模塊、雷電災害損失評估模塊、雷電災害允許風險評估模塊、雷電防護成本評估模塊、校正系數模塊、雷電災害風險評估模塊、雷電防護級別與效率分析模塊等8個模塊的雷電災害風險評估模型，評估模型以iec61662的評估模型為基本參考，以雷災損失d為中心，把雷災風險劃分為經濟雷災風險r _ e和人身雷災風險r _ l ，並對r _ e和r _ l分開單獨處理。
  5. The qualification of multipactor and the characteristic of the angle and velocity of secondary electron were study. bring forward a improved model of multipactor and solve it by a random sample made by monte carlo, as a result, a critical curve of multipactor was gained

    提出了一個改進型的次級電子倍增研究模型，利用蒙特卡羅法生成的隨機樣本來求解這個模型，得到了工作在2 . 85ghz的介質片的次級電子倍增敏感度曲線。
  6. This paper researches the basic statistical rule of oil - gas dynamic system from the systematic theory, combining with the common characteristic and structure characteristic of oil - gas dynamic system, taking the design requirement of oil field development programming into consideration, by using of functional simulation principle ( including nn method, differential simulation method ) and historical data of oil field, establishes the in - out conjunctional relationship of dynamic index of oil field development, and researches the two level index prediction of development dynamic with both oil field and oil production plant on the basis of the in - out conjunctional relationship. furthermore, this paper analyzes the " decision - making variable ", " object " and " restriction terms " by the optimization theory and set up several optimal models which compose the oil field development programming, it is following : optimization model of the production composing ( solving the optimal composing of each subentry production and cor responding cost, workload, including the onshore thin oil production, the heavy oil thermal process production, tertiary oil recovery production, and the offshore production ) ; optimization model of measure production structure ( determining the optimal composing of each measure production and measure workload, which is composed of fracture, acidulation, capital repair and so on ) ; optimization model of the production distraction ( optimal distribution of the whole oil field production to each oil production plant ) and the integrated development programming model of oil field

    本文從系統理論出發研究油氣動態系統基本統計規律，結合油氣動態系統的一般特點，結構特點，兼顧油田開發規劃設計的要求，利用功能模擬原理（含神經網路方法、微分模擬方法） ，依據油田歷史數據，建立了油田開發動態指標間的輸入輸出關聯關系，並在此輸入輸出關聯關系的基礎上研究了油田及採油廠兩級的開發動態指標預測，同時利用最優化原理，在分析「決策變量」 、 「目標」及「約束條件」的基礎上建立了多個構成油田開發規劃的「優化模型」 ，這些優化模型包括：產量構成優化模型（解決陸上稀油產量、稠油熱采產量、三次採油產量、海上產量及對應的成本、工作量的最優構成問題） ；措施產量結構優化模型（解決壓裂、酸化、大修等各項措施產量及措施工作量的最優構成問題） ；產量分配優化模型（將油田的產量最優地分配到各採油廠）以及油田綜合開發規劃模型。
  7. The localization and expression of prolactin receptor from inner mongolia alpas cashmere goat were studied by sacpic staining, in situ hybridization and western blotting. samples of skin were taken at interval three months from birth, three months old, six months old, nine months old, ten months old or twelve months old, which correspond to summer, autumn, winter and spring. paraffin sections of hair follicles were stained with sacpic staining and in situ hybridization. the protein of prolatin receptor is abstracted from samples of skin in order to study on expression of prolactin receptor. there are prolactin receptors in outer root sheath, dermal papilla and inner root sheath. the growth of primary follicle is continuous

    本實驗從絨山羊出生后每隔三個月采一次皮樣，共分為4個月齡（ 3 、 6 、 9 、 10或12 ）段，通過製作石蠟切片，原位雜交、染色，並提取皮樣蛋白做westernblotting等實驗研究方法，研究了催乳素受體mrna催乳素受體在不同生長季節的內蒙古阿爾巴斯白絨山羊皮膚毛囊中的定位與表達，染色結果發現阿爾巴斯白絨山羊初級毛囊全年持續生長，次級毛囊的生長情況隨季節而變化，秋冬季生長旺盛，夏季生長緩慢與絨毛生成規律呈正相關。
  8. This dynamic model describes a possible processes of what customer relationship moves from lower to higher relational phases by the four factors i. e. customer value, customer satisfaction, customer trust and switching cost, and displays how a various levels of customer loyalty such as behavior loyalty, mental loyalty and sustainable loyalty are cultivated at different relational phases, and reveals the relationships between four factors and customer loyalty ( measured by repurchase intention, cross - buying intention, customer referral intention and price tolerance ) and customer relationship life cycles

    模型用於描述客戶保持的四個決定因素客戶價值、客戶滿意、客戶信任和轉移成本，及其如何驅動客戶關系不斷從低級階段向高級階段發展，並在客戶關系生命周期的不同階段建立不同層次客戶忠誠，揭示客戶保持的四因素之間、四因素與客戶忠誠（用重復購買意圖、交叉購買意圖、價格忍耐力和客戶推薦意圖四個指標度量）和客戶關系生命周期之間、客戶忠誠與客戶關系生命周期之間的相互關系。
  9. The directive thinking is : basis of resources breeding and management and development and utilization ; leading by feature industry such as forest industry and forest tourism ; aiming at meeting the need of market and public environment construction ; guiding at systemic, synthetically and stereoscopic development ; building up region industry group and industry train. on the basis of analysis industry position, it studied the relation between industry system and industry group and the relation between industry group and industry train. using theorical pattern, it described the relation and degree of coordination in industry trains and suggested the policy of adjustment of industry structure and advancement for state - owned forest region

    本文界定了林業的產業性質，在三次產業分類法的基礎上提出四次產業分類法，提出了「零級產業（環境產業） 」概念，辨析了環境產業與林業產業的相關關系；分析了森林三大效益?成本關系；分析國有林區產業單一狀況的弊端；從經濟、社會和生態三方面分析了產業協同發展的價值；提出國有林區產業體系建立的指導思想：以資源培育與開發利用產業為基礎和龍頭，以特色產業? ?如林產工業、森林旅遊等為主導，以滿足市場需求和公益環境建設需求相兼顧為目標，以系統、綜合、立體開發為指針，建立具有區域特點的、協調的產業群和產業鏈；在產業位勢分析的基礎上，勾畫了產業體系與產業群、產業群與產業鏈之間的相關關系：運用理論模型描述產業鏈之間的相關關系及協同度。
  10. The above analysis showed that this heavy rainfall event took on obvious meso - scale characters and was the combination of the three flows, so we can deduce : ( 1 ) surface southeasterly wind and topography may play the main role in this event ; ( 2 ) the easterly cold air rushing into the southern shaanxi province in the lower troposphere was strongly relative to the form of surface cold - front type of occlusion ; ( 3 ) there were two reasons for the secondary circulation ' s strengthen in the evening, one was the effect of a mountain - valley wind and the other may be latent heat leading to ascending motion ; ( 4 ) the shape of potential instability stratification corresponded well with the development of the warm - moisture advection ; and ( 5 ) the vapor providing essential thermodynamics was transported by a southwesterly low - level jet from the bay of bengal and the south china sea. furthermore, with the effect of terrain, the southern shaanxi province became the center of this extremely heavy rain process

    中尺度結構分析表明，本次暴雨具有明顯的中尺度特徵，是由三支氣流共同作用的結果，分析發現（ 1 ）地面東南風和地形在這次大暴雨過程起主要作用； （ 2 ）東路冷空氣主要是通過中低層侵入陜南地區的，並與地面冷式錮囚鋒的形成密不可分； （ 3 ）夜博士論文:中尺度地形對陜南暴雨的影響研究間垂直次級環流發展加強可能有兩個原因，一個是由於地形山谷風的作用，另一個是降水的潛熱釋放激發了上升運動: （ 4 ）位勢不穩定層結的形成與低層暖濕平流的發展有很好的對應關系; （ 5 ）本次暴雨的水汽主要靠偏南風急流將孟加拉灣和中國南海的水汽輸送至西北地區東部，為暴雨的發生提供了必要熱力條件。
  11. Which are higher than electric driven heat pump, gas boiler, coal boiler and electric boiler. the energy grade theory analysis results also show that the energy utilization of gehp is comparatively reasonable. exergy cost of gehp is 11. 2 yuan / gj by thermoeconomic method, which is much lower than the heating price nowadays

    對比發現，燃氣機熱泵的一次能源利用率和（火用）效率均高於電動熱泵、燃氣鍋爐、燃煤鍋爐和電鍋爐；對燃氣機熱泵系統的能級分析也表示系統的能量利用過程比較合理；通過熱經濟學的分析，得出燃氣機熱泵的供熱（火用）成本為11 . 2元gj ，這個價格與現行集中供熱的價格相比還是很有優勢的。
  12. It also gave out some reference for the future soc. the fec system can increase the error - correcting ability if we increase the iterative times, which express the excellence of top - down designing and blocking

    在本文所提出的糾錯系統的基礎上，通過增加解碼迭代次數，可以根據要求提高糾錯能力，這使糾錯系統的升級成為可能，再次體現了top - down和模塊化設計方法的優越之處。
  13. That has costs of its own, not least damaging uncertainty about where exactly the subprime bodies are buried

    成本都能找到苦主去承擔，比如有關次級債的屍體會最終埋在哪裡這個頗具有破壞性的不確定性。
  14. According the distance away from cpu core near to far, the acces speed of memory falls down from faster to lower, but the cost from higher to less

    這種多級存儲層次的速度則根據距離cpu核心運算單元的近遠，呈現出逐級按級數遞減，成本逐級遞增的特性。
  15. Szm8325a - szm9325 glass straight line edging machine is designed for grinding straight line flat edging of different sizes and thickness. szm9325a can process straight line and 45edge. coarse grinding, refine grinding, polishing, and angle - marking can be completed in a procession. tt s speed can be widely adjustedby its stelpless regulator. speed alteration is very mooth. in grinding operation, feeding and operation speed can be adjusted at random. front fails can be adjusted to fit caried thickness of processed glass. and its advanced structure, high precision, easy handling, and highefficiency, it is one of indispensable instruments for glass procession. szm9325p and szm9325ap adopt plc control system

    Szm8325a - szm9325型玻璃直線磨邊機適用於磨削不同尺寸和厚度的平板玻璃直邊和45稜角， szm9325a可加直邊和45級邊。本產品集粗磨精磨拋光倒角等工序一次加工而成，並採用無級變速調節，可調范圍大，變速平穩在削磨過程中可任意調節進料速度和進給量可調節前導軌變換加工玻璃的厚度。
  16. Thirdly, it is supported by java technology. java language is not only a right programming language to build agent, but also it has some characters such as architecture neutral and higher safety, running java applet, program can increase the functions of the client, lighten the burden on the server, as well as can operate the client contents according to the privilege assigned, and in order to increase the safety of system. finally, in the thesis, by using the knowledge related probability and statistics, author puts forward a kind of method which can make the grade mark quantifying, and with this method, the problem which is how to get an accurate evaluation for the subjective test questions that learners answer in exam, is solved primely

    本文針對以上缺點，提出基於agent的個性化遠程教學系統，本系統中引入分散式人工智慧（ dai ）領域中的agent技術，在系統中構造一個學習者agent ，它隨時跟蹤學習者的學習過程，記錄其興趣、愛好等個性特徵，並適時地調整對其採用的教學策略，有效地解決了目前的系統智能性較低的缺點；其次，本系統採用xml技術來組織教學內容，改變了html中內容和形式捆綁在一起的缺點，使得內容和形式相分離，從而可以為太原理工大學碩士學位論文不同認知水平的學習者提供不同的教學內容，增強了交互功能;另外，本系統採用java技術， java語言不僅適合作為agent的開發語言，而且java語言具有平臺無關和安全性高的特點，通過運行javaapplet來增強客戶端的功能，減輕服務器端負擔，並且這些appiet根據客戶賦予的權限對客戶端內容進行操作，增加了安全性;最後，本文運用概率論與數理統計學中方法，提出一種把等級成績數量化的方法，很好地解決了對學習者考試中主觀題的準確評價問題，為實現個性化教學提供了一個較準確的依據。
  17. In the chapter of analyzing the primary allocation of shell resource, the author emphasizes that ineffectual rent - seeking leads to great damage to the social welfare, and he also points out that auction will not eliminate rent - seeking and the only way to do so is deregulation through a 3 levels analysis of the auction system

    在分析「殼資源」初級配置時，指出無效尋租可能構成了尋租成本的主體，直接損害了社會福利。並通過對拍賣制的尋租三層次分析，說明拍賣制並不能消除尋租，指出解決尋租的根本方法只能是放鬆管制。
  18. This thesis aims to explore new technology and methodology emerging in enterprise ' s knowledgeable employee management sector in a so - called knowledge economy environment. modeling methodology of both physics and mathematics is introduced to establish the two major models and other evolved models. they represent a new view with systematic, vivid and flexible models, referring to the most up - to - date works in knowledge management and knowledgeable talent management sectors

    筆者將物理學模型和數學模型的研究手段引入企業知識型員工的管理實踐中來，藉助模型的系統性、形象性、靈活性，將定量分析和定性分析有機結合，提出了兩個主模型和數個次級模型、衍生模型，在借鑒當前知識管理和「知本家」管理領域現有研究成果的基礎上，探索知識型人才管理的新途徑。
  19. Bank ’ s choice on credit asset securitization under the pressure of liquidity. credit asset securitization has the function of improving bank ’ s liquidity by changing its loan ( especially the medium and long term loan ) which lacks liquidity into cash

    第三，考慮到銀行的籌資成本和市場的承接能力，銀行的首選方案是發行普通股或次級債，其次是對風險權重較大的優良貸款進行證
  20. Some experts and scholars have discussed areas between city and countryside, but no one divided the idiographic boundary about it. second, as defined factors of rank and grade, it chose the factors affecting the city and countryside. finally, at the ways of evaluating land price, it spread the using scope of the profit, cost, and rating of reduction in the method of income reduction and the exploitation expenses of the land, the tax in the method of cost approach

    在此之前，雖然有關專家和學者已對城鄉結合部作了不少論述，但均未曾劃分出具體界線；其次，確定定級因素時，選擇了對城市和鄉村均有影響的定級因素；最後，在土地估價方法中，拓寬了收益還原法中的土地總收益、總費用、還原率以及成本逼近法中的土地開發費、稅費等參數的應用范圍。
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