正化合價 的英文怎麼說

In addition, divalent metal adduction provided improved positive mode ionization efficiency for these peptides

此外，二價金屬加合提高了這些肽段的正離子模式離子化效率。

According the original thoughts, this paper circumstantiates how to carry this theory into chinese practice and how to eliminate the fundamental shortcomings if foreign standards applied mechanically. therefore, in a creative way, this paper establishes a feasible eva appraisal system according to chinese listed companies " character and demonstrates it on some listed companies, such as sichuan changhong co. ; tsingtao brewery company ; and harbor line companies. in one word, this paper wishes to provide a set of more practical and predictable standard in comparison with roe and eps

本論文正是根據其理論，首先著重對目前如何將經濟增加值實際運用於評估中國上市公司業績，進行針對性的分析和探討，從而逐步剔除機械套用國外指標體系的根本性缺陷，然後按照中國證券投資市場的特徵，創造性地建立一套符合中國實情地指標體系，同時運用這一指標體系對四川長虹、青島啤酒以及整個港口行業的上市公司五年間的業績變化情況做了仔細的運算和分析，並與現行的凈資產收益率、每股收益進行實證分析、比較，以期為上市公司業績評價提供一種更有預見性、更可行的指標體系。

Integrated the work on theory and experiment, the paper provides technical performance material at large about the automating and humidifying character of the centrifugal nozzle with firing pin type, high pressure and little aperture to the manufacture and user. with the valuable reference during the selecting the equipment and ascertaining the parameters, the users could select and control the humid parameter

課題的理論與試驗兩方面工作相結合，為撞針型高壓小孔徑離心式噴嘴的霧化加濕性能提供了較為詳細的技術性能資料，為生產廠家和用戶在設備選型和參數選擇過程中，提供了有價值的參考，便於用戶正確而經濟地選擇、控制濕度參數，有效調節噴嘴孔徑、噴水初溫和噴水壓力的大小。

With the ways of our countrys criminal litigation court trials changing from inquisitorial proceedings to adversary procedures and the progressing of the criminal jurisdiction reformation, discovery is becoming an unavoidable issue in criminal litigation in our country. in practice, many jurisdictional authorities in our country have tried to explore and try it since 1999. this article, through comparing the discovery system among britain, america and japan, through analyzing the present actual situation of our countrys criminal litigation and from the aspects of the litigation modes, jurisdiction justice and the necessity for deepening the reformation of criminal trials, has proved that it is necessary and emergent in practice and applicable in theory to establish the discovery regime in our country

隨著我國刑事訴訟法庭審判方式由審問制向對抗制的轉變和刑事審判方式改革的進一步深化，證據展示便成為刑事訴訟中的一個不可迴避的問題，實踐中不少司法機關從1999年始即已進行了證據展示的探索和嘗試，本文從英美日國家的證據展示制度的規定和比較入手，通過對我國刑事訴訟運作現狀的分析，從刑事訴訟模式、訴訟公正價值觀和深化刑事審判方式改革的角度，論證了證據展示制度在我國的建立具有現實上的必要性、緊迫性和理論上的合理性，並在此基礎上對證據展示的主體、責任、內容作了理論上的探討研究。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

In a word, it presents a comprehensive and systemic analysis on mbo in china and foreign countries, from the followly fire aspects : the background of mba, the policy environment, the objective firms, the pricing methods, the financing system, find out differences of mba and the causes of them, and combinating special eco - nomic environment and economic traces of our country, the author puts forward counterplan. these counterplans primarily include : from strengthening laws, enhancing the information to publish, culturing to agency and etc to come to perfect the mbo policy environment on our country ; defining objective firms of mbo in realm that the state - owned property is decided to withdraw ; with the clean property worth for the foundation, synthesize to consider managers " contribute and the value of control powers with company, and pass the market mechanism to come for right price of the objective firms ; pass growing the organization investor, creative financing tool and optimizing the assistant financial system, establishing the valid withdrawing way of financing etc to resolve the financing problem

在此基礎上，論文從收購背景、政策環境、目標企業、定價方法、融資體制等五個方面對中外mbo做了全面系統的對比分析，找出了兩者的差異及原因，並結合我國特有的經濟環境和經濟軌跡，提出了相應的對策措施。這些對策主要包括：從健全法律法規、加強信息披露、培育中介機構等方面來完善我國mbo的政策環境；在國有資產決定退出的領域內對mbo的目標企業進行界定；以凈資產值為基礎，綜合考慮管理層貢獻和公司控制權兩個因素，通過市場機制來為目標公司正確定價；通過培育機構投資者、創新融資工具和優化配套金融制度、建立有效的融資的撤出渠道等來解決融資問題。

With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。

The common characteristic of the traditional theories about the act researches is researching the concept of act in criminal law with the restrained thinking way of monism, i. e. onefold factual, onefold valued, or fact - value integrative methodology, which result in that it can not explain some especial act forms in the criminal laws, that it only explain those narrowly but can not withstand careful analysis, or that it only extends to explain all kinds of act forms, which does not accord with the daily thinking manners. this paper recognizes and redefines the concept of act in the research of the criminal law based on the suspicion and consideration of research methodology, in a fact - value segregative dualistic thinking way, in relation to analyse and comprehension of characteristic of some special act forms, such as " holding ", " omission "

傳統的行為理論的研究都有這樣一個共同的特點，即局限於一元論的思維方式，以單純事實的，單純價值的，抑或事實? ?價值一體化的方法論，來研究刑法理論中的「行為」概念，結果導致要麼是無法解釋刑法上特殊的行為形式，要麼只是表面上牽強附會卻經不起深入推敲，要麼僅追求能有張力地解釋各種行為方式卻脫離了人們認識的思維習慣。本文正是基於對研究方法的質疑和反思，採用事實? ?價值分離的二元論思維方式，結合分析理解「持有」 、 「不作為」等刑法中特殊行為形式的特徵，重新認識和界定了刑法理論研究中的「行為」概念。

While layered linio2is the most promising cathode materials : plenty in resource, cheapness in price, high specific capacity and non - toxicity

層狀linio _ 2化合物，其資源豐富，價格低廉，比容量高，對環境友好，被公認為是最有希望的正極材料。

In the second section, the author studies copure injective modules, which are the kernels of injective precovers. at first the author gives some characterizations of copure injective modules, show many characterizations of reduced copure injective modules, and then study when injective precover is exact. moreover, the author claims that if l. pid ( r ) of a ring is finite, some copure injective modules can be obtained by a resolvent, finally analyze the relationship between syzygies of a resolvent and cosyzygies of a resolution on n - gorenstein rings

第二部分著重研究了上純內射模，即內射預蓋的核，首先給出了上純內射模的一些等價刻畫，然後給出了約化的上純內射模的等價刻畫，接著研究了內射預蓋在什麼條件下正合，再接著研究了當環的l . pid （ r ）有限時由模的內射預（分）解式可得到一些上純內射模，最後討論了n - gorenstein環中單邊內射預解式的合沖模與單邊內射分解式的上合沖模之間的聯系。

3. use the boasting dates of every bo, we atup the dea rnodel, such as c ' r and c : gs :. w wt is m as a theis, and it ' s relative efficiency is evalwt by the m, we ahalysis bo taal effiwt and scale effeency a clear ditw is given bo the dea effiho dmus nd the no dea effich we also can for m insghthe - - boon with the bokgroun

構造具有非阿基米德無窮小量的dea模型c2r和c2gs2 ，對調整前後農業產業系統的綜合生產能力和生產效率進行評價，體現了不同調整方案的結構優化效應，並對各方案進行規模效益和投入冗餘率、產出不足率分析：運用投影定理構造「虛擬」決策單元，對方案進行修正和改進。

After generalizing the characteristic of modern equipment, the mission of equipment management and general situation of chinese equipment management, basied on two forms of equipment management - - - - - - practicality & value, the author combined quantitative & qualitative methods with example to analyze and discuss questions, especially the reasonable update & depreciation, accordingly achieving the optimization of the technical efficiency & economic benefit 0 one of emphases of the thesis is methods application of equipment reasonable update, that is starting with economic benefit to looking for reasonable using fixed number of year. the thesis used inferior - converted numeric method and rate equation which based on the theory square and combined with harbor loading machines & tugboat ' s actual facts, calculated the economic life of the same machine in order to make sure harbor machines " reasonable using fixed number of year. at the same time, the author made use of midpoint value regress method and stochastic trapeziform forecast method to calculate and analyze and gain the reasonable conclusion o the other emphases is questions of harbor equipment

本文概括介紹了現代設備的特點、設備管理的任務以及我國設備管理發展的概況后，作者從設備經濟管理的兩種形態? ?實物形態和價值形態出發，採取定量與定性相結合，以定量為主，結合實例進行分析與論述，對港口設備的合理更新與折舊問題進行了著重研究，從而實現設備的技術效能和經濟效益的最優化。本文研究的重點之一是設備合理更新的方法應用，即從經濟效益出發，來尋求設備的合理使用年限。本文結合港口裝卸機械和港作拖輪的實際，運用以正方形理論為基礎的低劣化數值法和費用方程兩種方法，計算了同一種機械設備的經濟壽命，從而確定港機合理的使用年限，同時，運用了中點值回歸法和隨機梯形預測法進行計算和分析，得到了合理的結論。

With this aim, this paper has made a comprehensive study on the problem of the land requisition in our country. armed with such renowned theories as the theory of property right application, land rent, public choice etc., the study has rendered a potent analysis of the problems involved in the current land requisition policy and their reasons. then, based on china ’ s realities, it advances its own proposal to renovate the current policy from various aspects including the nature and limitation, the procedure and the standard of compensations of the land requisition, that is, by means of a combination of enumeration and generalization, decide on a strict definition of public interests ; improve the procedure of the requisition of land under the principle of openness, justice and high efficiency ; set up the compensation standard with the market price as the baton while versified by other supplementary ways ; most importantly, clarify the property right of land

本文通過對土地徵用問題進行系統、深入的調查研究，針對當前我國土地徵用制度存在的主要缺陷和弊端，應用產權理論、地租理論、公共選擇理論、新制度經濟學中的路徑依賴理論以及其它相關理論分析土地徵用存在的問題及其原因，並結合國內外的先進經驗，立足本國實際，從征地性質與范圍的界定、征地程序的完善，以及征地補償標準的確定，提出了完善土地徵用制度的政策建議:採取列舉式和概括式相結合的方式，嚴格的界定「公共利益」范圍;樹立正當的程序觀念，按照公正、公開與效率的原則，完善征地程序;建立以市場價格為主的土地徵用補償標準，建立多樣化的征地補償方式等來解決我國征地中存在的問題，但最根本的是明晰土地產權從而進一步完善我國土地徵用制度。

Withing regarding to the comprehensive level, local whole color led display screen removed the advantage of the price and the localization service which whole color display screen holds, the gap between our products and foreidn products has been reduced in the technique depth, production technics, etc

就全彩色顯示屏的綜合水平來說，國內的全彩色led顯示屏除了價格和本地化服務的優勢外，在技術深度生產工藝等方面與國外產品的差距正在逐步縮小。

It could improve carcass quality meat quality, reproductive ability of livestock, and was indispensible matter for normal elaboration of livestock ' s varietal performance. up till now, biotin could only be gained by the method of chemical synthesis and only imported from the foreign countries, and its price was very expensive and seriously restricted the development of our country ' s animal husbandry

由於生物素能夠提高家畜胴體質量和改善肉質，提高家畜繁殖力，是家畜品種性能正常發揮所必需的物質。目前，生物素只能通過化學合成方法獲得，且均從國外進口，價格昂貴，制約了我國畜牧科技和產業的發展。

Based on production scheduling model with capacity optimization, three modules are used to deal with this problem. they are planning module, estimate module and adjusting module. the plan will be well by making the cycle of planning, estimate, adjusting

在生產計劃編制模塊中，增添能力評價和計劃調整部分，最終形成由計劃編制到能力計算到評價到調整計劃這樣的循環迭代過程，由此得到一個正確、合理、優化的生產計劃。

The arbitrage of commodity futures takes advantage of the price relation in different delivery month futures contracts. as market factors affecting short - term and long - term commodity future prices are not same, or the same factors may affect the market to different extent in the short term and long term, therefore their spread will change. the spread may deviate from the range of the price variation of the two contracts, or it may possibly form trend

商品期貨套利交易利用不同期貨合約之間的價格關系來獲利，由於影響短期和長期期貨價格的市場因素不盡相同，或者同一因素對市場的短期影響和長期影響有別，反映在期價的變化上就是近期合約價格和遠期合約價格的變化幅度不一，最終導致不同期貨合約間的價差關系發生變化，價差可能脫離兩合約之間正常的價差變動范圍，也可能形成趨勢。

This thesis advocates a fair and reasonable new order of ethic in the international culture field after analyzing the erroneous area in theory and the deviation in ethic of " the theory of civilization contradiction ", discussing the conflicts of value and the dialectical relationship between the globalization and localization of culture while points out the cultural nature and ethical shortcoming of the occidental centralism, examines the global ethic and the limit of probability for all people to share the cultural value, and reveals the significance of confucian culture as national symbol and value carrier in this age

本文分析了「文明沖突論」的理論誤區和倫理偏頗，討論了文化全球化與文化本土化的價值沖突和辯證關系，指出了西方中心主義的文化本質和倫理缺失，探詢了全球倫理及其人類嘗試文化價值共享的可能性限度，揭示了中國儒家文化作為民族標識和價值載體的時代意義，主張在國際文化領域建立公正合理的倫理新秩序。

This article on january 25, 2006, in the shenzhen stock exchange, the stock split right to reform the company ' s reform scheme circulation stock shareholders wealth of practical evidence of the impact study these companies hope to the reform scheme for the flow of stock to protect the legitimate rights and interests of shareholders to make a fair and reasonable assessment of the stock and flow of shareholder wealth factors affecting analysis, and explore their changes

本文對2006年1月25日前，深圳證券交易所上市公司股權分置改革對流通股股東財富的影響情況進行實證研究，希望能就這些公司的改革方案對流通股股東的合法權益的保護情況作出一個客觀、公正的評價，並對影響流通股股東財富的因素進行分析，探索它們的變化規律。

In this article, with the aid of basic modern theories lemphatically analyze the gap between distribution of citizen ' s legal incomes at the time of economic transformation basing on the research results which i have grasped this dissertation is divided into four parts : chapter one is about the meaning of income distribution, the indexes to measure the gap between income distribution and the major theories con corn ing income distribution ; chapter two is about the current situation of income distribution and its causes which are analyzed from development, resources, systems, policy and so on ; chapter three predicts that the trends in the changes in income distribution based on the " new industrialization road " advanced by the 16th national congress of communist party of china ( 16th nccpc ) will magnify first and then reduce ; chapter four makes an appropriate appraisal of current income distribution and proposes some countermeasures to reduce the income gap

本文主要藉助現代經濟學的基本理論，在盡可能地了解與掌握已有研究成果的基礎上，著重對轉型經濟中我國居民正常合法收入分配差距的問題展開分析。全文共分了四個部分：第一部分對居民收入分配的相關范疇做了解釋，並對主要的收入分配差距測量指標以及主要收入分配理論做了簡要概述；第二部分分析了我國收入分配差距拉大的現狀並從體制、政策、發展、資源等方面深刻剖析了產生現狀的原因；第三部分結合十六大所提出走「新型工業化道路」預測我國收入分配差距將呈現先擴大后縮小的變動趨勢；第四部分對當前收入分配差距進行合理的評價並提出縮小收入分配差距的對策措施。