水滯后現象 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shuǐzhìhòuxiànxiàng]
水滯后現象
英文
water hysteresis-
Due to the effect of uentrapment of water and air is considered during the generation of water - filled cells, the method presented here can simulate the objective existing hysteresis between drainage and imbibition process, which can " t be reflected by the previous numerical simulation methods
由於該法在生成裂隙充水域時考慮了水和氣的「圈閉」效應，故能模擬出裂隙排水與吸水過程間客觀存在的滯后現象，這是以往數值試驗法所不能的。When soil antecedent condition is dry and the initial rainfall intensity is high, peak surface runoff also considerably lag behind that of rainfall, because of the formation of temporary relative impermeable top layer ; b ) surface runoff is controlled primarily by infiltration - excess runoff mechanism under unsaturated condition ; the major fraction of surface runoff are dominated by saturated infiltration - excess runoff response, only a small fraction by return flow mechanism when soil is saturated ; c ) subsurface flow is dominated by saturated runoff mechanism, and the duration of subsurface post the rainfall end is dependent upon rather the soil properties than the rainfall characteristics ; d ) subsurface flow intensity in cultivated soil layer ( 0 ~ 20cm ) is high up to 35mm / h when rainfall intensity is up to 120mm / h, indicating the existing of macropores and pipe flow in cultivated layer
2 ）耕作制下紫色土的產流主要機制是： 1 ）當雨前土壤含水量未達到飽和狀態時，表面產流起始時間有明顯滯后現象，這與紫色土的快吸水性和較多非毛管孔隙密切相關；當雨前土壤較乾燥，降雨初期雨強較大時，易形成臨時相對不透水表層，表面產流峰也有明顯滯后現象。 2 ）表面徑流的產流方式主要是超滲產流，當土壤達到飽和狀態后，有四川大學博士學位論文小部分回歸流發生，但主要是飽和超滲產流發生，因為紫色土的相對不透水層和其它透水障礙層不明顯。 3 ）壤中流主要是飽和產流，與降雨過程有明顯的滯后，而且雨停后的壤中流產流歷時與降雨特徵無關。The farther from drainage surface the soil mass, the more significant the phenomenon of the delay
離排水面越遠的土體，其有效應力滯后發展的現象越顯著。Including actuality evaluation, environmental identification analysis, dynamic harmonious analysis, dynamic simulation analysis and policy decision putting into optimization scheme. the results showed as follows. 1, in the current agricultural production structure, output value of animal husbandry and crop planting occupy 93. 4 % of agricultural total output value, and forestry and fishery do not get fully reasonably develop ; the wild economic vegetables and fruits resources and water resources etc, are the superiority environment factors of agriculture development of this area, and the slope farmland and service system etc, are limited environment factors, and the science - technology and labor quality etc, are potential environment factors ; there exists some problems in the agricultural production system, for example, single productive constitution do n ' t correspond with varieties of resources, rich plant resources exploitation scarcity and economical crop development lag
本文選擇四川盆周山區這一特定地貌區域作為研究對象，以滎經縣為代表研究了該區農業生產結構的優化調整，包括農業生產系統的現有結構評價、環境辨識分析、動態協調分析、動態模擬評價分析和實施優化方案的決策建議，結果表明： 1 、滎經現有結構為以畜牧業和種植業並重的豬糧為主的農業生產結構，二者產值占農業總產值的93 . 4 ，林業、漁業未得到充分合理發展；野生經濟菜果資源、水資源等為該區農業發展的優勢環境因子，坡耕地、服務體系等為限制環境因子，科技、勞動力素質等為潛力環境因子；同時該區農業生產系統存在著生產結構的單一性與資源多樣性的利用不協調、豐富的植物資源開發不足、經濟作物發展滯后等問題。( 4 ) water flow model experiment is made and hydraulic pressure variation is observed, " the detainment and displacement " of semipervious aquifers in the process of decreasing water is also studied
（四）模擬二元結構土層，進行土樣滲流試驗，觀測水壓的變化，研究弱透水層承壓水在降水過程中的「滯后和位差」現象和問題。There are many plants that have the character of time - varying, large delay, large inertia in the process of production of modern power station such as the superheated steam temperature, the reheated steam temperature, the water treatment of boiler and the load regulation. some of them have the strong character of nonlinear and some of them are multivariable coupling systems it is very difficult to obtain good effect of control by conventional pid control. it is necessary to set up the mathematics models of controlled plants if applying control means of modern control theory such as self - adaptive control, optimal control ， decoupling control and predictive control. and these control systems have large calculation and bad character of real time in general. these disadvantages make them be not able to meet the need of real production process and limit the application of them in modern power station. now the generator units are developing towards large capacity and high parameters. many new kinds of generating electricity means are coming into being. the characers of production units of power station become more and more complex but the demand to quality of control becomes more and more strict. the new control means are in bad need to control them effectively
現代電站的生產過程中存在過熱汽溫、再熱汽溫、鍋爐水處理、負荷調節等許多大遲延、大滯后、特性時變的對象，它們中有些還是具有強非線性特性的對象或多變量耦合系統，採用常規的pid控制手段很難取得良好的控制效果。若應用現代控制理論中的自適應控制、最優控制、解耦控制、預測控制等控制手段，則需要建立被控對象的數學模型，而且往往控制系統的計算量大、實時性差。這些缺點使其很難滿足實際生產過程的需要從而極大地限制了其在現代電站中的應用。At last, the paper evaluates modernization of towns in county administrative areas by quantitative way. it points out many problems at present in the span of scale alteration. for example, the ability of convergence is limit, land - use per - person exceeds normal standard, a lot of towns are lack of fund, the infrastructure lags behind
最後，以全省222個重點中心鎮為研究對象，對縣域城鎮的現代化水平進行定量化評估，指出縣域城鎮規模變動過程中所面臨的問題，如人口吸納力不足、人均用地嚴重超標、城建資金匱乏、基礎設施滯后等，並提出了進行制度創新、增強城鎮集聚能力等對策和建議。At present, majority buildings enterprises in our country exist the serious defect on the human resources management, which is the analysed position unfit and method stagnant, whose examination effect is fairly wronger and is basically the become a mere formality, whose reward standard is over a long period of time low partially and internal fair nature is fairly wronger, whose encourage exist shortcoming and the question such as use to staffs using of personnel not recognition development etc. the crucial problem of state - owned enterprises is building a set of building enterprise complete manpower resources management model and incentive system, which is one of practical method to solve the uncompetitive and ineffective of state - owned enterprises
目前，我國大多數建築企業在人力資源管理上存在著：職位分析不到位，分析方法滯后；績效考核效果比較差，基本上是流於形式；薪酬水平長期偏低，內部公平性比較差；對員工的長期激勵不足，在人員的使用上存在重使用、輕開發的問題。如何建立一套完整有效的建築企業人力資源管理模式和激勵機制一直是建築企業改革的核心問題之一，也是解決我國目前建築企業效率低下，企業競爭力較弱的有效途徑之一。本論文運用規范分析和實證研究相結合的方法，針對目前我國建築企業人力資源管理在激勵和評價方面制度不健全的現象，研究如何建立有效的人力資源管理模式和激勵機制的問題。The object of this paper is a control system of soft water treatment in xuchang tobacco factory. in the process of designing on software and hardware for the system, a few practical problems have been found. to solve these problems, we discuss the application of plc, the intelligent control of objects with large lag and press control, and want to develop some new conclusions in practice and theory
本文的研究對象是許昌煙廠軟水處理控制系統，在為這一系統進行軟硬體設計的過程中，發現和總結了一些實際問題，並通過解決這些問題，就plc的應用、大滯后對象的智能控制、壓力對象控制等展開討論，力爭在理論分析和實際應用上有所創新。But the automatic level of toll - collection on the highways remains comparatively underdevelopment by contrast with the construction of highways, which causes the situation of heavy traffic more and more serious, and that the driving speed on the highway has been greatly reduced
但是，與高速公路建設相比，公路收費的自動化水平卻相對滯后，造成收費站前車輛擁擠，交通堵塞現象日趨嚴重，大大降低了高速公路的通行速度。First, because pipelines are so complex that controlled object is high order, delay, coupling, nolinear and time - varing, it is difficult to realize closed loop control for it using valid mathematic model. to resolve this problem, the paper presents a fuzzy - pid control algorithm with self - adjusting regulation factor. second, if a moving motor supplied by inverter power is switched to be supplied by power supply, the impact of overload - voltage and overload - current appears
主要針對中、大容量供水系統中，由於供水管網鋪設復雜、彎管多、控制對象具有高階、滯后、耦合、非線性及參數時變的特點，難以利用有效的解析式數學模型進行閉環控制，以及多臺水泵並聯運行時，水泵電機由變頻電源供電向工頻電源供電切換過程中產生的過電壓過電流沖擊這兩個難題，提出了可調整因子fuzzy - pid控制演算法及利用鎖相環控制實現水泵電機由變頻電源向工頻電源的同頻同相平滑切換。分享友人