海圖圖廓 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [hǎitútúkuò]
海圖圖廓
英文
border of chart-
In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )
主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。Place is the permanent brand of architecture and place creation is always the research project of architects with the development of the age ， place ? ? the end results of human material culture and spirit culture ? ? undergoes storm and stress but the real meaning of place still has clear and precise line of thoughts human 、 building 、 scenes ? ? poetic independent existing space space creation ? ? expresses and shows the real meaning of place ， interlaces the changing objective and positive multiple affirmation and negation but the road of research is still continuing ： seeking the new idea unanimous with the age human 、 building 、 scenes answers the place ， multi - dimensional system answers place creation the twenty - first century is the age of variety ， after discovering the complex phenomena ， research the age nature of place ? ? obscurity ， attempt new idea of creation ： obscure edge through bluring the edge of building and city ， break the separating condition of building and city ， unify the urban structure actively ， propel the union of building and city through openning design ； through bluring the edge of building and environment ， break the condition that environment attaches to building ， make landscape design become natural ， and combine them into ecologic scene of building and multiple experence of scene ： through bluring the edge of building and universe ， break the rational outline of building ， create multi - dimensional sensational edge of shape ， make building become an earth scene ， just like the mirage of flourishing city ， and prompt to exploit underground space
人、建築、場景解讀了場所，多維的系統解讀了場所創作。二十一世紀是多元化的時代，在揭開紛繁交錯的現象面紗之後，探索場所的時代屬性? ?模糊性，嘗試新的創作理念：模糊邊緣。試圖通過模糊建築與城市的邊緣，打破建築與城市的分離狀態，動態整合城市肌理，以開放型的設計推動建築城市一體化；通過模糊建築與環境的邊緣，打破環境是建築之外附屬的狀態，使環境景觀設計自然而然化，並將二者融合形成綠色生態的建築場景與多層次的景觀體驗；通過模糊建築與天地的邊緣，打破建築理性的邊緣輪廓線，塑造多維感性邊緣的形體，使建築成為一種大地景觀，猶如繁華都市裡的海市蜃樓，並同時帶動了地下空間的探索。Underneath the walls of fort zeelandia, at about 3. 5 to 4 meters of depth, in an area of 20 meters long, for every 6 meters there is a hole of 1 meter in diameter. are these holes the entrances to the legendary dutch tunnels ? these finds further add to the mystery and archaeological values of fort zeelandia, and they have motivated the tainan city government to excavate the remains of the castle wall, in hope to find out the way of the dwellers life of fort zeelandia during the dutch era
此項探測已獲初步成果，據分析熱蘭遮城古城墻遺址目前尚保存七成大航海時代荷蘭所建的城堡輪廓，而古城墻遺址下方，離地表約3 . 5 - 4公尺深，約20公尺長的范圍內，每6公尺左右，皆探測到一個直徑1公尺左右的孔洞圖徵，這些孔洞是否為傳說已久的荷蘭古地道？Shiphandling simulator is a device that can partly imitate the true environment at sea ， and is specially designed to satisfy marine education and trains and maritime research etc. one of its key techniques is to create the virtual environment at sea ， and the terrain is its important component. according to the needs of the real time visual display of the shiphandling simulator ， this paper analyses the requirements of the geometry precision of the important islands and background hills which are within the ships ' visible scope ， and brings forward the modeling methods of the hill ' s pileup and the hill ' s silhouette edges based on contour lines. it also presents the definition of error that the hill ' s silhouette edges graph has been given and the effective scope of application ， and firstly established the error criterion of terrain model that is built in shiphandling simulator. with these two kinds of method ， the size of data storage can be minimized greatly ， and the requirements of high update rate and geometry precision for the real time visual display of the shiphandling simulator can be satisfied
船舶操縱模擬器是一種能夠部分模仿海上真實情況，專門為滿足航海教育與培訓、航海技術研究等目的而設計研製的裝置，其核心技術之一是海上視景模擬，而地形地貌是海上視景中的重要組成部分.根據船舶操縱模擬器實時視景顯示的需要，在分析航行船舶對可視范圍內重要島嶼與背景山脈的幾何精度要求的基礎上，提出了基於等高線的山形堆積建模和山形輪廓建模方法，並給出了山形輪廓圖形的誤差定義、有效適用范圍，以及船舶操縱模擬器中地形建模的誤差準則，該方法生成圖形的數據量較小，其圖形更新速率與幾何精度能達到船舶操縱模擬器實時視景顯示的要求分享友人