海運法 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [hǎiyùnfǎ]
海運法
英文
merchant marine act-
Contract of affreightment ( coa ) of goods by sea has been adopted in shipping practice for a long time. however, coa has not been specifically stipulated in china maritime code ( cmc ). the academic opinions on coa have been in disputes
海上貨物包運作為實踐中被廣為應用的運輸方式，立法中並未對其作明確規定，而諸多海商法學論著也未對其進行系統、詳細的論述，所以對于包運合同的理解一直存在爭議。Ret market continue bullish no chance to get same rate presently
海運市場持續看漲，目前無法獲昨相同動費率。Freight market continue bullish no chance to get same rate presently
海運市場持續看漲，目前無法獲得相同的運費率。In the aspect of supporting merchant marine, the u. s. experienced a process from " little support " to " full support ", and at last to " full and thorough support ". the u. s. has adopted policies of construction differential subsidy, operating differential subsidy, cabotage reservation, cargo reservation, preferential taxes, and financing bond by the government, and many other forms
在商船隊扶持方面，美國經歷了由不重視扶持到全面扶持、再從全面扶持到將扶持貫徹到底的過程；先後採用了造船補貼政策、營運補貼政策、沿海運輸權保留政策、貨載保留政策、稅收優惠政策、以及由政府提供融資擔保等各種形式的扶持方法。" 2. part ii, which contains chapter ii, iii, aims at reviewing legislative practices in shipping industry in main countries / regions. the author represents and analyses the investment laws in shipping industry of the main countries / regions in asia, america, europe and australia, according to introduction of general investment laws and special ones in shipping industry, which contains foreign investment laws on international shipping, auxiliary services, port construction and port service, internal waters and cabotage right, and the regulations on ship registry and seaman employment
第2章以一般投資法和專門的航運投資法（包括國際海運、海運輔助業、港口服務和港日建設與經營、內水及沿海運輸領域的外國投資立法，以及船舶登記制度與船員雇傭方面的規定）為線索，以香港、東盟、美國、智利、英國、澳大利亞的立法為重點，分別對亞洲、美洲、歐洲、澳洲主要國家（地區）的航運投資法律制度做出了述評。Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases
第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。According to cepa, hong kong companies can set up wholly - owned enterprises on the mainland starting from january 2004 to provide logistics services, freight forwarding agency services, storage and warehousing services, road freight transport services and maritime transportagency services. hong kong companies which offer maritime transportagency services, direct non - stop road freight transport services and freight forwarding agency services must have the status of enterprise legal person
根據cepa ，由2004年1月起，香港公司可以在內地設立獨資企業，提供物流、貨運代理、倉儲、陸路貨運及海運代理等服務。提供海運代理、直接不停站陸路貨運及貨運代理服務的香港公司必須擁有企業法人地位。The second chapter firstly expounds upon some principles of incorporation clause in the b / l under c / p at common law : a clause which is directly germane to the subject matter of the bill of lading ( that is to the shipment, carriage and delivery of goods ) can and should be incorporated into the bill of lading contract ; the ancillary terms / clauses of the charter - party could not be incorporated into the bill of lading unless these ancillary terms / clauses are explained by the specific words in the charter - party or in the bill of lading ; presumed intention of charter - parties should be found by the incorporation clause ; an incorporation clause is subject to the loading, carriage and delivery of the goods ; only charter - party terms, which are usual and reason, could be included in the bill of lading etc. - 1 - based on these rules i elaborate on some terms of the charter - party which often arise disputes, for example freight clause, dead - freight clause, demurrage clause and arbitration clause etc. could be incorporated into the bill of lading or not ; if could how these clauses should be incorporated into b / l
第二章首先闡明英美普通法中對租約提單中併入條款解釋的幾大原則：與合約標的事項直接關聯的原則； 「附屬性條款」需有效合併的原則；合併條款要尋求雙方訂約的意願；合併主要是針對與貨物運輸和貨物交付有關的內容；合併的條款必須公平合理等原則。然後根據這些原則，具體闡述租約中容易產生糾紛的條款，如運費條款、虧艙費條款、滯期費條款、仲裁條款等條款能否併入提單，如何併入提單的問題。在具體說明的過程中，也闡述了我國海商法的規定及實務中的做法，並盡可能對其進行分析，指出其中不完善之處，並試圖提出一些改進的方法。Chapter vi gives analysis on particular issues about lien on marine goods through lien nomology
第六章運用留置權的法理分析了有關海運貨物留置權的幾個特別問題。As the market economy system is founding and china is to be accepted by wto. all parts of the coastal coal transportation system, especially the coastal harbors, face very drastically competition. the aim of this paper is to summarize the experiences of the construction of coal harbors, forecast the harbor throughout and shipping quantity based the main effect of the sea coal market by the investigation of the equipment of coal harbors, give the coal harbor evaluating index and methods, and analyze the foreground and countermeasure of the harbors based the system innovation by the developing forecast of coal market and the capacity analyze of coal harbors
隨著社會主義市場經濟體制的逐步建立以及我國加入世界貿易組織的步伐日益加快，煤炭海運系統的各個環節尤其是沿海煤炭運輸港口也面臨著十分激烈的市場競爭，本項研究的目的是總結歸納十幾年來我國煤炭港口建設的歷史經驗，通過對我國煤炭海運港口基礎設施狀況進行深入調查，在研究煤炭海運市場主要影響因素的基礎上，預測我國中長期煤炭海運量和港口吞吐量，進而提出煤炭海運港口評價指標和方法；通過對煤炭市場的發展預測以及煤炭海運港口的能力分析，結合港口體制的改革，分析研究煤炭海運港口的發展前景和對策。The paper uses the methods of determining the nature and quantity. the sea coal quantity is forecasted by the index - smoothness method based the demand of the future coal market and distributed by the proportion of different transportation modes of the coal input areas and the economical principle, evaluate the capacity, the equipment and the facilities of the coal harbors, establish the evaluation model and index, and research the capacity and countermeasure of the coastal coal harbors based the forecast of the coal production and consumption market by the system principle
本項研究採用定性與定量向結合的方法；煤炭海運量預測以未來煤炭市場需求預測為依據，按照主要煤炭調入地區運輸方式的分配比例，並根據煤炭運輸的經濟性和合理性原則，採用指數平滑預測方法進行預測；對港口通過能力和設施、設備的利用情況進行定量評價，並建立相關的評價模型和評價指標。Legal services related to shipbuilding, ship collision, salvage, sea damage ; chartering ; maritime cargo shipment and insurance ; maritime litlgation and arbitration
船舶建造、碰撞、打撈、海損法律事務；租船法律事務；海上貨物運輸和保險；海事、海商訴訟和仲裁。Presented by mic and md to promote the professional image of the maritime industry, the booth features various service sectors of the maritime cluster in hong kong, including ship finance, ship brokering, ship management, marine insurance, maritime arbitration and maritime law, as well as the job information on md
香港航運發展局與海事處聯手參與展出，目的是推廣航運業的專業形象。展覽攤位會全面介紹香港航運界各行業的詳情，包括船舶融資船務經紀船舶管理海運保險海事仲裁海事法律等，亦會介紹海事處各職級的就業資料。He is also a special adviser to the institute of international shipping and trade law, university of wales at swansea
他還在位於斯旺西的威爾士大學任國際海運和貿易法學院的專門顧問。The next chapter gives detailed analysis and discussion on the legal status of consignee when bill of lading is issued or is not. there exist seven theories to explain the legal basis on which the consignee takes rights and responsibilities. by analysis and comparision, the author comes to the conclusion that when transferrable bill is issued, the theory of " security relationship " can better explain the origin of consignee ' s rights, while he takes the responsibilities according to direct stipulations of law
接下來，分別對提單、電子提單和海運單項下的收貨人的法律地位進行了具體論述，著重分析了目前存在的各種學說的成功與不足之處，以及收貨人享有權利和承擔義務的法理依據，得出結論認為在簽發提單和電子提單的情況下，證券關系說可以作為收貨人享有權利的法律依據，法律規定說可以作為收貨人承擔義務的法理依據的結論。The article has collected data / information concerning total crude and products trade, tanker fleet productivity, tanker fleet deliveries and deletions, developing of new building market, etc. on the basis of this, the article has taken middle east ? apan trading line as an example, had a deep study of the method of technology and economy demonstration of large oil carrier and had an analysis and comparison of different ship type plan, by means of computer calculation
本文在收集、分析世界石油海運量、世界油輪船隊的發展和現狀、航線狀況以及新造船市場的發展與現狀的基礎上，以中東?日本航線為例，深入研究油輪論證的方法，通過計算機輔助計算，選擇出了適合該航線的最船型。According to china ' s maritime code, the liabiiity of breaching a contract of carriage of goods by sea is determined by whether the breaching party has f8ult or not, while it aiso stipuiates in articie 51 that ; " the carrier shaii not be iiable for the loss of or damage to the goods occurred during the period of carrier ' s responsibility arising or resulting from any of the foiiowing causes ( ( 1 ) fault of the mastef, crew members, pilot or servant of the carrier in the navigation or management of the ship "
我國海商法在海上貨物運輸方面的承運人違約責任之歸責採取過錯責任原則，但因其在第51條又規定「船長、船員、引航員或者承運人的其他受僱人在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的過失」承運人不負賠償責任。因為這一點，海商法學界稱之為不完全過失責任制。On the legal validity of nvooc marine carriage contract
論無資格無船承運人海運合同的法律效力In the meantime, imperfect liabilities for negligence principle which is regarded as the fundamental principle undertook by the carrier of carriage contract also tends to extend to maritime law ; what ' s important, as the fundamental principles of branch law, maybe there are several different doctrines of liability fixation in the same law, but in our words of the fundamental principles of maritime law, we mean the most important doctrine of liability fixation
同時，不完全過失責任原則作為海上貨物運輸合同承運人承擔的基本原則，也有向海商法基本原則擴張的趨向；更為重要的是，作為部門法的基本原則，可能在同一法律中存在著若干不同的歸責原則，但是我們所說的海商法的基本原則則是從海商法中最重要的歸責原則而言的。The whole maritime shipping enterprises in the world expect the unification of different countries " maritime laws, and also expect that the resolution to coordinate the problem of the conflicts of jurisdiction in international maritime action, relating to a state ' s sovereignty greatly, will push the tendency of the unification of different countries " maritime laws, which is the common topic of the whole maritime shipping enterprises in the world
世界海運期望著海運法規的國際統一，與各國主權息息相關的管轄權沖突問題如何予以協調並妥善地處置，從而推動這一統一趨勢，這是當前各國海事訴訟管轄和國際海運社會所共同關注的課題。近年來，海事訴訟管轄方面的協調成效顯著。分享友人