漸進地試驗 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jiānjìndeshìyàn]
漸進地試驗
英文
inching test-
In light of current using situation and drawing on the experience of many scholars researched methods and viewpoints, this thesis made com land, fallow land, orchard, grass land as experimental field in black soil region jlau, which carried out experiment by applying different amounts of n and p fertilization in corn field. by means of collecting the samples of rainfall runoff, erosion silt and surface layer soil before and after rainfall for one year nature precipitation in field, we study the effect of surface runoff on n and p nutrient and fertility degeneration. the results showed : ( l ) there are lots of factors which affect soil erosion and losses of n and p, in which rainfall and rainfall intensity were more important, while rainfall intensity is the most important meteorological phenomena factor
針對當前黑土利用現狀，本文借鑒眾多學者的研究方法和觀點，在吉林農大黑土區選擇利用方式不同的玉米地、休閑地、果園、草地，在玉米區進行了不同數量的施肥，通過野外試驗，採集一年自然降雨產流及泥沙樣品，同時採集降雨前後的耕層土壤樣品，研究了黑土區地表徑流對氮磷養分特徵及肥力退化的影響，結果表明：土壤侵蝕和氮磷的流失受諸多因素的影響，降雨量、降雨強度是重要因子，而降雨強度是影響農田地表徑流養分流失的最重要的氣象因子，特別是暴雨，暴雨徑流中氮磷濃度較平時高得多；隨作物生長，覆蓋度逐漸增加以及不同利用方式下表現的覆蓋度差異，氮磷流失都表現為顯著的差異。Considering the similitude law for shaking table test, we study the test results and obtain some conclusions which are a ) generally, the silty soil in test box liquefies and the liquefied time has relation with the amplitude of acceleration, b ) when the intensity is on and above eight degree, the silty soil deposit will be liquefied dramatically, c ) the relationship of the pore water pressure is relevant to the cycle loading which represents when the cycle loading ranges from little to great, the relationship is represent as a concave curve, or else as a protruding curve and tends to stability. ( 3 ) based on the triaxial compression test and the resonant column test, some studies are made such as a ) the duncan - chang parameters of constitutive model, b ) the dynamic shear modulus ratio and c ) the damping ratio of the site soil deposits. in order to deal with the test data, a computer program is compiled
（ 2 ）利用小型振動臺進行了k _ 0固結狀態下粉土的振動液化模擬研究，通過分析正弦荷載作用下的試驗資料，驗證了粉土的孔隙水壓力增長模式的合理性；從微分方程推導了基於土體振動臺模型試驗的相似律，並從模型實體、孔壓時程曲線和相似律等方面做出了分析，得出了如下結論：在小型振動臺試驗中，模型箱中的粉土都發生了液化，液化的時刻和輸入加速度幅值有關，而對頻率的變化不太敏感；粉土在相當於8 9度地震烈度的加速度幅值作用下可能產生嚴重的液化；孔壓的增長曲線形狀與施加的荷載有關：當施加荷載為由小到大的形式時，曲線形狀為上凹的曲線；當施加荷載為等幅的正弦荷載或荷載幅值由大到小時，曲線形狀為上凸的曲線，且逐漸趨于穩定。Saturated sand are testes in the laboratory under the undrained cyclic loading condition with static - dynamic dual purpose triaxial compression test apparatus, which is designed under the cooperation of hohai university and marui co. ltd japan. the results indicate that the stress path approaches from a initial stress point to the failure lines as cyclic loading goes on, and eventually converges on a certain limiting stress path in the vicinity of the failure lines. the stress - strain curve, however, does not converge on a closed hystersis loop ; the shear strain rapidly increases in looser sand or gradually and continually increases in denser sand
利用河海大學與日本圓井株式會社共同研製的新型的多功能靜動三軸儀進行了飽和砂土循環扭剪不排水試驗，研究表明，對于松砂，剪應變幅度快速地由微小增加到百分之幾甚至百分之十幾，對于緊砂，剪應變幅度逐漸地由微小增加到百分之幾甚至百分之十幾；經試驗初步研究表明用初始有效平均正應力歸一化的有效應力路徑很好的一致性。On the base of studying imaging theory of lens, the imaging theory of laser confocal scanning microscopy was analyzed in detail in this paper, and the advancement of that the optical fiber was applied to the system was described ; on the base of completed the demonstration for whole project, the experiment scheme was designed ; the relationship between the main parameters of key devices and the resolution was deduced, and the requirements of coupling efficiency and vignetting effects to optical system was analyzed ; the design of optical system and the planar scanning controlling circuit was completed ; a new method was put forward to resolved the inherent non - liner scanning problem of the galvanometer scanner by using software liner controlling in circuit design, and the perfect planar scanning was realized ; at last the low noise, high multiple and non - distortion amplify circuit of photoelectric detector was completed
本文在透鏡成像理論的基礎上，系統、深入地分析了共焦掃描顯微成像的機理，論述了應用單模光纖的激光共焦掃描顯微成像系統的優點；進行了總體方案的論證，並設計確定了單模光纖激光共焦掃描顯微成像系統的總體方案；從理論上推導分析了解析度要求與試驗系統中相關器件主要參數之間的關系，分析了系統耦合效率和漸暈現象對光學系統的設計要求；完成了方案中光學系統和二維掃描控制電路的設計，並在電路設計中採用了用軟體解決檢流計式光學掃描器（振鏡）非線性問題的新方法，能夠實現較為理想的二維模擬掃描；完成了高增益、低噪聲和低失真的探測接收系統的設計和調試。During 2003 ~ 2004, according to investigation and statistic of the community stabilities of main arthropods in organic tea gardens in guangxi province. the result shown that the principles that the population dynamics of main arthropods in organic tea gardens gradually become stable after organic management of 6 years and need no manual control
摘要2003 ~ 2004年，對廣西百色地區有機茶園主要益、害節肢動物群落進行調查，並對其穩定性進行了分析，試驗結果表明，隨著有機管理時間的增加，節肢動物群落逐漸趨于穩定，實施有機管理6年以上的茶園，群落的穩定性最高，群落的自我調控能力強，在生長季節不需進行人工防治。During the process of strategic arrangement of state economy, and with the improvement of new technology and new economy, small - and - medium - sized enterprises ( sme ) have received more and more attention from people. on the one hand, sme provide promotion and stabilization for the development of economy, and play an important role in absorbing employment, promoting development of economy, satisfying personalized demands, stabilizing society, and so on
隨著國有經濟布局和經濟結構的戰略調整，已及在新技術、新經濟的帶動下，中小企業日益受到人們的關注，它們一方面是社會經濟發展的助推器和穩定器，在吸納就業、推動經濟增長、滿足個性化需求、穩定社會等方面發揮重要的作用，另一方面，是漸進式改革的先導，是培育資本市場和經理市場的試驗地The sedimentation compression lines of natural clays, intrinsic compression lines of reconstituted clays and oedometer compression curves can be normalized by a void index, then the difference of the structural clays and reconstituted clays as well as the gradual damage course of soil structure are showed apparently
用孔隙指數來歸一化天然粘土的沉積壓縮曲線、重塑土的壓縮曲線和固結儀壓縮曲線，可以很清晰地揭示出結構性土與重塑土的內在差別、固結儀試驗中土體結構性的漸進破壞過程。( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test
在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。Topography fractal dimension related with process of development of watershed physiognomy and represented degree of watershed development, v ) sediment yield intensity of watershed model reflected erosion characteristic of watershed model in different development phase. simulating experiment indicated that sediment yield intensity took on the trend that they changed from small to big then decreased gradually. the relationship of average sediment transport rate and sediment yield rate per mm rainfall with topography fractal demension is expressed by gaussian model and this model is similar with relationship between volume and surface area
（ 5 ）流域模型產沙強度的變化反映了流域模型在不同發育階段的侵蝕特徵，模擬試驗研究結果表明：在整個流域模型地貌地貌的發育過程中，其產沙強度呈現由小到大，然後又逐漸減小的總體趨勢，流域模型單位降雨產沙率及平均輸沙率與地形分維數表現為gaussian模型關系，其關系形式與結論3中相對體積和表面積之間關系相似，進一步說明了以地形分維數表達地形變化的合理性。分享友人