特別公債 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tèbiégōngzhài]
特別公債 英文
special reserve
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 別 : 別動詞[方言] （改變） change （sb. 's opinion）
  • 公 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （屬于國家或集體的） state owned; collective; public 2 （共同的;大家承認的） common; gen...
  • 債 : 名詞（欠別人的錢） debt; loan
  • 特別 : 1 （與眾不同） special; unusual; particular; out of the ordinary 2 （格外） especially; particula...
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. Since taking up office, i have been encouraging the public corporations to take the lead in launching debt issuance programmes, including hong kong dollar bonds with longer maturity periods and particularly at the retail level

    我在上任后一直致力鼓勵公營機構發債，包括發行年期較長的港元債券，特別是零售債券，以起帶頭作用。
  3. These are specialist funds, kept separate from their parent company ' s balance sheet, that invest in illiquid assets, such as securities backed by subprime mortgages

    這種特別基金的資產負債表與母公司相分離，投資于低流動性資產，諸如次級抵押擔保債券。
  4. The first hypothesis is true according to the pd of 1 - year and pds of each quarterly in one year before special treatment and the second hypothesis also is true in three quarterlies before a corporation is specially treated. default probability of a specially treated corporation is high and tends to increase as time near the exposure date. 2. kmv model has a capacity of discriminating the bad borrowers from good borrowers. 3. volatility of market value of asset is determinant of default probability

    本文得出的主要結論有: （一）假設一在特別處理前一年及各個季度內成立，假設二在特別處理前三個季度內成立，我國資本市場中的特別處理公司具有較高的違約概率且隨著時間向特別處理實施日期逼近違約概率增加; （二） kmv模型具有較強的對違約債務人的識別力; （三）影響違約概率的主要因素是公司資產價值波動率。
  5. From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered

    第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。
  6. E maintaining long - term credit ratings of a1 aa - for foreign currency and aa3 aa - for local currency debt securities from moodys investor service, inc. and standard poors, the same as those for the hong kong sar government

    E分別取得穆迪投資者服務公司a1aa3及標準普爾aa - aa -的外幣及本地貨幣債券的長期信貸評級。此評級與香港特別行政區政府的評級相同。
  7. This paper has made a systematic summary on the system prevailing in china, and made a detailed study on some aspects as follows : the relationship between the system and other real guarantees ; the natures of the system ; the legal foundations of the lien, lienor ' s obligation : execution ; extinguishing and so on the paper concludes that the system is a special and separate system from those in ordinary civil law and make up a important part of maritime law, thus it should be prescribed by the special law, according to its nature and purpose, the system should apply universally to all maritime matters not only to the situations prescribed by the cmc ; the property under lien should not only be those owned by the maritime debtor, but also be those directly involved with the maritime claims, provided that those not hamper the public interests ; the maritime po ssessory lien is one of the legal real securities, not an agreed guarantee, so the maritime lienor has right to resist any other parties. anyhow, the establishment, execution, extinction of the maritime possessory lien should strictly follow the provisions stipulated by the law

    本文提出：海事留置制度是一種有別普通民事留置制度的相對獨立的特別留置制度，是海商法的重要內容，應當由專門的立法予以規定；海事留置權的法定性在於海事留置權依法定條件成立，依法定程序行使，並依法定的事由消滅；海事留置制度，作為一種物權擔保制度，對海事債權而言應當具有普通的適用性，而不應當僅適用於《海商法》現有的規定范圍；本文主張摒棄海事留置財產必須為相對債務人所有的限制，同時又主張對海事留置財產的范圍予以符合公序良俗的限制；海事留置權是一種法定的擔保物權，而非債權，得依法對抗第三人；在法院、國家行政機關對留置財產實行處置時，善意的海事留置權人的權利應當予以適當的保護。
  8. It will help creditors and investors comprehend performance of banks, and mairntain stability of the financial syeteem. based on the analysis of the relevant studies, this thesis puts forward the principles for the evaluation system and sets up a four - factors model for evaluation. they are capital adequacy levels, asset quality, liquidity level, and profits. then, based on the main ingredients analytical methods, used for calculating spss softwere, the artiacle draw the relevant conclusions

    因此，鑒於我國國有商業銀行的特殊地位以及其堪憂的經營狀況，從1998年起，以國家發行2700億特別國債補充資本金為標志，到2003年450億美元注資以及2004年中國銀行、建設銀行股份有限公司的掛牌為止，我國政府及銀行自身採取了一系列行動，即圍繞著國有銀行不良資產的處置、產權改革、內控機制等進行了大量改革。
  9. From the company ’ s aspect, the products of insurance companies become more and more complex, especially in life insurance, while we are still placed in the low level of management, the investment channel is still narrow, the rate of return is low, and the quality of assets is not very good. from the regulator ’ s aspect, the solvency margin is the main tool of supervision. the indicator system is still not perfect, which can not be competent for the comprehensive and holistic forecasting task of insurance company ' s operation and financial status

    從保險企業角度來看，目前我國保險企業仍處于較低水平的管理層次，而從我國保險公司資產和負債結構看，產品的創新已經使公司的產品結構十分復雜，特別是在壽險方面，隨著新型投資保單的陸續出臺，保險公司的產品和種類與國外發達國家已非常接近，但是從資產來看，投資資產種類過少，資金運用渠道相對狹窄，資金收益率低下，資產總體來說質量不高，資產的質量和數量遠低於負債的要求，存在很大的潛在風險。
  10. The firse part delineate the new situation of rural finance after tax - free of agriculture. after tax - free of agriculture, one hand, the town finance management tends to standard especially carrying out “ county finance supervising town finance ” make the expenditure management of town more standardized. ; the other hand, the ability of drawing and payment become weak. at the same time, the ability of repay debts and provie public service becoms weakly, what ’ s more, town finance becomes more depend on trasfer payment and extra - budgetary funds

    農業稅取消后，鄉鎮財政汲取、支付能力減弱，財政運行風險加劇。同時，鄉鎮財政償還債務的能力、提供公共服務的能力更弱化，鄉鎮財政高度依賴轉移支付和預算外資金。另一方面，取消農業稅之後，鄉鎮財政管理趨于規范化，特別是「鄉財縣管」的推行，大大規范了鄉鎮財政支出管理。
  11. However domestic unmature security marbet restrict amc ' s free shares transfer. my opinion is to improve and regulate by law in the course of d - to e. firstly, it is necessary to grasp d to e principle accuratly and construct strict qualification system, secondly, it is important to guarantee amc to enterprise system can keep amc ' s as shareholder control of d to e enterprise, and improve continuously amc ' s management level and efficiency. it is necessary to make special regulation about the duration periods and vavle of amc ' s egutity in legislation to sustain amc benefit, moreover, 13 to e also coordinate with state - owned ' s out - strategy and adjust ownership through social and. private cash input, these also help solve the problem of uvclear state - owned ownership entity ; at the same time, it is necessary to improve security market to widen the ways of share transfer, to be outward transfer as main transfer way, to cultivate institutional investor and reform equity system ; at last it is important to difine correctly bovernment ' s role and play its role. government should be in the nationwide view to organize, coordinate balance support regulate to guarantee d to e ' s performance

    筆者認為，債轉股實施過程中，應依照法律規范予以完善和制約，首先應準確把握其操作原則，特別注意嚴格把好債轉股的準入關;其次，切實發揮金融資產管理公司的職能作用，促使企業轉換經營機制建立現代企業制度，要確保金融資產管理公司作為股東對債轉股企業的最終控制權，不斷提高金融資產管理公司的運作水平和效率，並且在立法上對債轉股中的股權的存續和價值的保護進行特別規定，以維護金融資產管理公司的合法權益;再者，債轉股還要與國有經濟的戰略性退出相結合，進行必要的產權結構調整，通過引入社會資金、民營資本等其他成分徹底解決國企產權主體虛位和產權不明晰的現象;同時，要完善資本市場，積極拓寬股權的退出通道，把對外轉讓作為股權的主要退士方式，培育機構投資者，改革股權制度;最
  12. Sir andrew tackled the controversy over fair value accounting, which attributes an up - to - date market value to assets and liabilities

    安德魯爵士特別談到了圍繞公平價值記賬法產生的爭議。這種記賬法指的是將資產和負債以最新市價入賬。
  13. Example : sir andrew tackled the controversy over fair value accounting, which attributes an up - to - date market value to assets and liabilities

    例證：安德魯爵士特別談到了圍繞公平價值記賬法產生的爭議。這種記賬法指的是將資產和負債以最新市價入賬。
  14. Especiaiiy the muni - codes because i ' ii need those

    特別是公眾債券的條文，我有急用
  15. Debt securities - denominated in hong kong dollars including fixed or floating rate instruments and convertible bonds which are issued or fully guaranteed by the hksar government, the exchange fund, the hong kong mortgage corporation, mtr corporation limited, kowloon - canton railway corporation, hong kong airport authority and other corporations, agencies or bodies wholly or partly owned by the hksar government as may be specified from time to time ; or by companies referred to under above

    債券以港元為單位，包括由以下機構發行或全面保證的定息或浮息工具和可換股債券香港特別行政區政府、外匯基金、香港按揭證券有限公司、地鐵有限公司、九廣鐵路公司、香港機場管理局，以及其他指明的由香港特別行政區政府全資或局部擁有的法團、機構或團體；或上文（ a ）項所指的公司。
  16. Debt securities - denominated in hong kong dollars including fixed or floating rate instruments and convertible bonds which are issued or fully guaranteed by the hksar government, the exchange fund, the hong kong mortgage corporation, mtr corporation limited, kowloon - canton railway corporation, hong kong airport authority and other corporations, agencies or bodies wholly or partly owned by the hksar government as may be specified from time to time ; or by companies referred to under ( a ) above

    債券?以港元為單位，包括由以下機構發行或全面保證的定息或浮息工具和可換股債券?香港特別行政區政府、外匯基金、香港按揭證券有限公司、地鐵有限公司、九廣鐵路公司、香港機場管理局，以及其他指明的由香港特別行政區政府全資或局部擁有的法團、機構或團體；或上文（ a ）項所指的公司。
  17. Law > >, this paper bring forward the plans and steps to establishes stock system of the beinei group corp ' s every fittings and service center. in the plans of stock system construction of every fittings and service center, the paper design the following plans such as the aim and feasibility of stock system construction, the formation of enterprise ' s property, the scale of capital and dept, the scale and the structure of capital stock, the administration structure and running mechanism of every fittings and service center. at the same time, the paper bring forward and design the plans such as whole member of every fittings and service center hold the share, carry out executive stock option ( eso ) to inspirit and restrict the managers, stopping the length of service by compensate to replace the status of employee in the plans, especially about the structure of share, the paper makes the equilibrium of share. it is to hold the beinei group corp. ' s share by its 3 underling units

    在各配件服務中的股份制改造方案中，本文設計了以下內容：各配件服務中心的改制目的與可行性；企業財產的形成過程；各配件服務中心的資產負債規模、股本規模及結構；各配件服務中心的治理結構與組織運行構架。同時，本文提出了北內集團總公司各配件服務中心實行全員持股，對經營者實行股票期權進行激勵和約束，通過買斷工齡對員工進行身份置換等方案，並對這些方案進行了設計。在股份制改造后的各配件服務中心的股份結構中，本文特別注意到使各配件服務中心的股份均衡，將北內集團總公司的股份分別由其三家下屬單位持有。
  18. The state - owned enterprise converted debts to stocks is an importance for increasing state - owned property of national reform and alleviating the enterprise obligation to support debts, for dissolve the latent and financial risk of commercial bank, and support the state - owned and big and medium - sized enterprise development which have the positive and realistic meanings. this paper is from the research of the state - owned enterprise having converted debts to stocks on basic policy provision abroad and primary experience and ours work to study the four greatest property managements company in national debts converted to stocks a positive effected on a special position and function and effect on the reform of state - owned enterprise. specially, the fulfillment, problem and the solution have a strong pertinence to the state - owned enterprise in heilongjing province

    本文從研究國有企業債轉股的基本政策規定入手，總結了國外主要國家債轉股的基本經驗及對我國債轉股工作的啟示，研究了我國四大資產管理公司對推動我國國有企業債轉股的特殊地位和作用，以及債轉股對于深化國有企業改革的積極作用，特別對黑龍江省國有企業債轉股的實踐情況，存在的問題及解決問題的辦法進行了研究，提出了相關建議，對如何搞好黑龍江省債轉股企業所提出的建議具有很強的針對性。
  19. The corporate in our country is facing the financing puzzle which includes the high property ratio of debt to net worth and the financing channel sole. from the visual angle of asset securitization being a dominant instrument to solve the problem of bad property in corporate, the thesis mainly researches the operation way of asset securitization, and the impact to corporate, especially the firm value, when they choose asset securitization

    我國上市公司面對著高資產負債率和融資渠道單一這種財務困境，本文從資產證券化作為企業解決不良資產問題的新型融資工具出發，主要系統地研究了資產證券化的運作方式和適用條件，以及通過對我國上市公司資產證券化的實踐案例的全面分析，論述了上市公司選擇資產證券化對企業的影響效果，特別是企業價值的影響。
  20. The chinese government unveiled two dramatic measures on wednesday to solve its economic dilemmas with a massive issue of special treasury bonds to buy its ballooning foreign exchange reserve and cutting the country ' s longstanding interest tax on personal savings

    中國政府周三公布了兩項引人注目的措施，旨在解決其面臨的經濟困境，其中一項是發行一期龐大的特別國債來購買飆升的外匯儲備，另一項是削減已長期存在的個人存款利息稅。
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