特權壟斷 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tèquánlǒngduàn]
特權壟斷 英文
special privilege monopoly
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 權 : Ⅰ名詞1 [書面語] （秤錘） counterpoise; weight （of a steelyard）2 （權力） power; authority 3 （...
  • 壟 : 名詞1. （耕地上培成的土埂） ridge 2. （田地分界的稍稍高起的小路） raised path between fields3. （像壟的東西） ridge-like things
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 特權 : privilege; prerogative
  • 壟斷 : monopolize; forestall; monopoly
  1. Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks

    突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。
  2. In addition, by the deep introduction of antitrust guideline for the licensing of intellectual property issued by the u s department of justice and the federal trade commission and several business review letters on mpeg and dvd pools issued by the antitrust division of u s department of justice, the disquisition provides the basic principles for operation of the patent pool, such as the inclusion rule, voluntary rule and bona fide rule, as well as many specific legal characteristics of the patent pools

    同時通過對美國司法部與聯邦貿易委員會發布的知識產權許可的反壟斷指南以及美國司法部反壟斷司針對mpegla和dvdpool兩個專利池組織發布的商務復核意見的深入分析，總結了專利池許可模式，尤其是為推行標準設立的大型開放型專利池許可模式在運作中所應遵守的包容性，自願性以及誠實信用原則以及若干具體的法律特徵。
  3. The participants may have somewhat monopoly power in some technology field which is anticompetitive in the operation of cross - license and patent pool license, that is why they should be regulated by antitrust law and in fact, many legal characteristics of them is based on the consideration of antitrust risks

    在交叉許可和專利池許可模式中，相關的多個權利所有人有可能形成在某一技術領域的壟斷地位從而限制競爭，損害他人利益和社會公共利益。事實上，專利權交叉許可和專利池許可模式在具體運作中的眾多法律特徵都是建立避免反壟斷規制風險的基礎之上的。
  4. The primary causes of the regime shortage are the state monopoly and the state control over the education. the primary cause of the structure shortage is that the budgetary appropriations are not in favor of the compulsory education and the underdeveloped district. then this article puts forward some suggestion to alleviant these kinds of educational shortage : to raise the repay of human capital ; to initiate a system of public financial regulation ; to increase the government appropriation for education ; to relax the state control over education ; to improve the form of the financial transference expenditure, and so on

    總量性短缺的成因主要是我國人口多、經濟發展水平低，教育投資資本邊際效率遞減趨勢、教育投資預期收益相對偏低等；財政性短缺的主要成因是在國家加快推進工業化特別是優先發展重工業的戰略下，政府財政支出的重點必然傾向物質生產部門，而近二十年的財政制度創新都因利益格局的剛性只能作有限突破等；體制性短缺的成因主要是政府壟斷阻礙各類要素往教育領域的流入等；結構性短缺的成因主要是分級分權撥款體制無法保證教育投資的公平等。
  5. One that trespasses on a trade monopoly, as by conducting unauthorized trade in an area designated to a chartered company

    私商，無照營業者侵犯貿易壟斷企業的人，例如在有特許權公司的經營范圍內從事未經許可的貿易活動
  6. The cohong system of early qing dynasty was the monopolistic in its separation of ownership and management, which made the hong merchants a type of official businessman and the autocratic state ' s instrument for controlling foreign trade

    摘要清代前期實行的行商制度，具有對外貿易壟斷所有權與壟斷經營權相分離的壟斷特徵。
  7. The financing - motivated takeovers allow the disfavored non - listed companies to circumvent the state monopolistic control over the financial system and capitalize on the privilege of listed companies in raising external finance

    融資動機收購使得沒有被優惠的未上市公司規避了國有公司對融資壟斷制度，而可以利用上市公司的特權籌集外部資本。
  8. Economic monopoly including monopoly caused by concentration of production and natural monopoly characterized by the subadditivity of cost. administrative monopoly is one kind of super - economic monopoly with the abuse of administrative power. monopoly enterprises capture the monopoly profit through controlling the market price with monopolistic output, consumer has to pay more before the optimal output

    根據壟斷形成的原因，可以分為經濟性壟斷和行政性壟斷，經濟性壟斷包括建立在生產集中（或資本積聚）基礎上的經濟壟斷，也包括以成本次可加（資源獨占）為特性的自然壟斷；以行政權力干預市場形成的壟斷，則是一種超經濟的行政壟斷。
  9. The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as the followings : l ) deducing and proving the " three in one " theory of natural monopoly, that is, from the angles of economies of scale, economies of scope and economies of network, giving an explanation of natural monopoly ; 2 ) putting forward the concept of " strict superadditivity " and proving that total value function and total revenue function of network economy have strict superadditivity ; 3 ) summarizing the emerging characteristics in the market definition of natural monopoly, that is, in the monopoly industry, " market " tends to be more and more smaller than " industry " ; 4 ) expounding that the objective patterns of regulatory reforms of the railway industry in china are explicit regulation with partly characteristics of implicit regulation ; 5 ) proving the idea that the structural reforms of the railway industry in china should be hierarchical ; 6 ) demonstrating the theoretical bases for whether infrastructure management should be separated from transpo rt operation ; 7 ) expounding and proving that the interior of the railway industry in china should implement the differential property rights reform pattern

    本文的研究特點在於： （ 1 ）在規模經濟、范圍經濟的基礎上進一步推導並證明了網路經濟與自然壟斷的關系，即自然壟斷可以從規模經濟、范圍經濟、網路經濟三個角度來解釋論述； （ 2 ）明確提出了一個與鮑莫爾、潘澤與威利格等人提出的「成本劣加性」相類似的概念? ?價值優加性，並證明了網路經濟的總價值函數和總收益函數具有嚴格優加性； （ 3 ）概括了自然壟斷市場界定中所出現的新特徵，即在壟斷產業中， 「市場」正越來越小於「產業」 ； （ 4 ）進一步論證了中國鐵路產業規制創新的目標模式是兼有部分內生規制特點的外生規制； （ 5 ）在中國鐵路產業的結構改革中應體現分層次的思想； （ 6 ）明確論述了內容提要鐵路路網公司等自然壟斷環節是否分割的理論基礎; （ 7 ）提出並進一步證明了中國鐵路產業內部應實行差異化的產權改革模式。
  10. Franchising or special permit business, as a particular intangible property right, the legal condition of its contract law is different from ordinary contract. this pa per tries to make it clear how to apply competition law and anti - monopoly law to franchising contract

    特許經營作為一種特殊的無形財產權，其合同內容的合法性條件有別於一般合同，對特許經營合同內容如何適用競爭法或反壟斷法的規定，是本文試圖理清的一個問題。
  11. Intellectual property right is a legitimate monopoly. generally speaking, intellectual property possibly makes the proprietor hold a dominant market position, some proprietor of intellectual property right abuse the dominant market position for benefit. as we know, antimonopoly law " s purpose is to protect competition, so anticompetitive acts will be published by antimonopoly law

    但是，知識產權這種獨占權往往會使權利擁有者在某一特定市場上形成壟斷或支配地位，限制了該市場的競爭，尤其是在某些情況下，知識產權人可能會超出法律允許的正當范圍，濫用其依法獲得的正當權，通過不正當地行使知識產權，非法限制競爭，從而違反了反壟斷法。
  12. There are many possibilities of creating international conflict by invading territorial jurisdictions and sovereignty in the extraterritorial application case. these international conflicts may result from differences in each country ' s economic system. each state has tried to reach bilateral agreements to prevent conflicts of sovereignty

    這是因為壟斷管制領域在擴大經濟管制的本國法律的適用范圍中使用最為廣泛，特別是涉及有關涉外適用與否的幾乎所有問題，而且經濟活動中主權的介入引起的國家間沖突具有典型特徵的緣故。
  13. Yet intellectual property ' s legal monopolization is a decisive factor of franchisor ' s right in restricting franchisee ' s activities in their contract to some extent. at the same time, franchise also involves three parties of franchisor, franchisee, and other relevant competitors and includes competitive relation in terms of the horizontal and vertical levels. besides, a franchisor tends to use his advantages to abuse his rights, restricting competition against the anti - monopoly law such as tied selling, resale price maintenance and regional restrictions, when he signs a contract with a franchisor

    因為特許經營與壟斷專營有相似之處，在特許經營中，特許人（或稱特許權人）通過特許經營合同將其所擁有的商標、商號、專利或專有技術等使用權授予被特許人，這就涉及到知識產權、產品銷售權、技術技巧等的轉讓，而知識產權本身的合法壟斷性質決定了特許人在特許經營合同中有權對被特許人的活動進行一定的限制；同時，特許經營又涉及特許人、被特許人和其他相關競爭者，包含橫向、縱向兩個層次的競爭關系，特許人與被特許人簽訂特許經營合同時，極有可能利用其優勢地位濫用特許權，做出搭售、維持轉售價格、區域限制等與反壟斷法相抵觸的限制競爭行為。
  14. My town has given an exclusive franchise to one firm to provide all trash - collection services

    問：我居住的小鎮對一家垃圾收集公司進行特別授權，使其壟斷了本地區的垃圾收集業務。
  15. Q : my town has given an exclusive franchise to one firm to provide all trash - collection services

    問：我居住的小鎮對一家垃圾收集公司進行特別授權，使其壟斷了本地區的垃圾收集業務。
  16. In the model, by assigning the licensed agreement, the government grants the license of the infrastructure project to the project company, the project company monopolizes the building and operation of the gray - headed apartment in the administrative district of the government, and the project company takes charge of the designing, financing, building and operation in the license term, and compensates the cost, repays the debt, gets the profit

    在融資模型中，政府授予項目公司特許經營權，特許項目公司在政府行政管轄的區域內建設並壟斷經營老年公寓項目，項目公司在特許期內負責老年公寓項目的設計、融資、建設和運營，並從中回收成本、償還債務、獲取利潤，特許經營期結束后項目公司將老年公寓所有權移交給政府。
  17. The research regarding m & a in mainland china focuses on antitrust, securities regulation and industry supervision as well as other governmental regulation. on the other hand, the protection against rights and interests of shareholder, esp., the protection via improving the regulations regarding corporate governance and shareholders " suit, does not enjoy the importance that it deserves

    我國目前對包括合併在內的並購進行的研究主要集中在反壟斷、證券市場監管以及行業準入等政府監管方面，而股東權益的保護，特別是通過公司治理結構和股東訴權的完善來保障股東的權利並沒有引起足夠的重視。
  18. Nowdays, under the pressure of agricultural manufacture mostly depend on market, and the peasants requirements becomes excessive, to enhance the efficiency of the small farmer " economy in large market, decrease the risk and indeterminacy in market bargaining, there must have a organization to be the agency inter peasants and market, the organization must delegate benefit of the peasants straightly and in deed, so construct farmer cooperative organization is. very important we can know the facts through evaluate the performance of the peasants cooperative organization history : the knowledge about cooperative and follow which guidance have some relation in the development of peasants cooperative organization ; we should choose the gradually pattern for system flux, must consider the economic behavior expect in the main body of organization - the farms

    通過對農民合作組織的歷史績效評價可以看到：對合作的認識和遵循的指導思想與農民合作組織的發展關系很大；在制度變遷道路選擇上應考慮借鑒漸進式改革之路；必須考慮參加者主體?農戶的經濟行為預期及產權結構、組織壟斷、規模等因素的影響。農民合作組織發展的必然性源於農業生產的生物性、地域分散性和生產的隨意性，同時也決定農民合作經濟組織必須具有靈活性、多樣化、可過渡性和以社區為基礎的特殊要求。從制度經濟學分析，農民合作經濟組織在降低農民外部交易成本、實現公平和效率平衡、降低風險和不確定性等方面具有經濟上的合理性，所以有進一步規范和發展的必要。
  19. For common competitive industries, property rights and competition are two common means to overcome the deficiency caused by monopoly ; however, for bank with a special property structure, especially in china, where exists asymmetry of information and national monopoly, the objective can not be realized simply by means of property right and competition

    對於一般自然壟斷產業，產權改革和引入競爭是克服公有壟斷低效率的兩種常用的手段;然而對于銀行這種特殊產業，特別是在中國，由於信息不對稱以及行政性壟斷的存在，因而並不能簡單地通過產權和競爭來達到這一目的。
  20. In conclusion, on the basis of drawing lessons from the relevant countries and focusing on the low - efficiency characteristic of the intellectual regulation in our country, the writer present that we should have the specified clause and regulation for ongoing anti - monopoly law and further discuss the issue on how to regulate the intellectual property in the

    最後，在借鑒相關國家對知識產權問題規制的基礎上，針對我國現行知識產權領域反壟斷的相關規定條文分散、不成體系且制度設計粗糙、欠缺科學性、法律效力層級較低等等特點，對正在進行的反壟斷立法，提出我國在反壟斷立法中應有知識產權問題的條款設置和法律規范，就反壟斷法如何對知識產權領域的壟斷進行規制展開探討，以期對正在進行的反壟斷立法提供一些思路和建議。
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