相當比例尺 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiāngdāngbǐlìchǐ]
相當比例尺 英文
scale equivalent
  • 相 : 相Ⅰ名詞1 （相貌; 外貌） looks; appearance 2 （坐、立等的姿態） bearing; posture 3 [物理學] （相位...
  • 當 : 當Ⅰ形容詞（相稱） equal Ⅱ動詞1 （擔任; 充當） work as; serve as; be 2 （承當; 承受） bear; accept...
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 尺 : 尺名詞[音樂] （中國民族音樂音階上的一級 樂譜上用做記音符號 參看「工尺」） a note of the scale in ...
  • 相當 : 1 （兩方面差不多; 配得上或能夠相抵） match; balance; correspond to; be equivalent to; be equal to...
  • 比例 : 1. （長度上縮小和放大的倍數） scale; scaling 2. （比率） proportion; ratio; proportionality
  1. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  2. The computations are shown to agree well with available experimental and numerical data and the physics of 3d large - scale flow separations and vortex shedding are confirmed. the simulation of the flow around a maneuvering wigley hull is a demonstration of capability for calculations of sway forces and yaw moments acting on a hull moving obliquely at a large range of yaw angles. the focus of study is large - scale cross - section separation flows, bilge - vortex development along the hull in the longitudinal direction and their effects on hydrodynamic forces

    應用所開發的求解器，以wigley船型為算例計算了大角度斜航船體粘性流場和水動力，分析了漂角的變化對船體所受到的粘性水動力的影響，相當精確地預報了以橫流分離和般渦生成與泄出為特徵的操縱運動船體特有流動形態及橫向水動力和轉脂力矩，經與現有試驗和計算數據比較，檢驗和驗證了該求解器精確模擬繞斜航運動船體的大尺度分離流動和計算非線性水動力的能力。
  3. On the basis of sand dividing and isochronous tracing correlation which is making in supershort - term cycle sequence, choose two layers of 11 and 35 as units to make isopach map of sand and isochronous depositional microfacies map in short time and big scale. comparison with the same work which was made by predecessor, the precision and degree of reliability of these maps is outstanding

    在相當超短期旋迴層序級別的砂層劃分和等時對比基礎上，選擇1 ~ 1和3 ~ 5兩砂層為編圖單元編制大比例尺短時間尺度的砂體等厚圖和等時沉積微相圖，並與前人所編的同類圖件進行比較，突出了本文所編圖件的精度及可靠程度。
  4. Referring to three kinds of plan irregularity, structures individually with four kinds of irregularity as eccentricity in one direction, eccentricities in two directions, re - entrant corner irregularity and diaphragm discontinuity have been analyzed to investigate the relationship between torsion effects and parameters of above irregular structures. the parameters and the schemes for determining the scope of structures with different kind of irregularity considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously are proposed, some conclusions have been get as following : it is indicated by the analysis results that torsion effect has no dependency relation with eccentric torsional angel adopted in code for seismic design for buildings. it is suggested that the eccentric torsional angel should not be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricity in one direction due to irregular mass layout, the relative eccentricity can be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricities in two directions due to irregular mass layout, the ratio of relative eccentricities in two directions and the angel of them can be take as the parameters of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; it is indicated by the analysis results that the torsion effect has no dependency relation with re - entrant corner ratio adopted in code for seismic design for buildings as

    所取得的主要結論有：結構的扭轉效應與《抗震規范》所採用的扭轉不規則指標即偏心扭轉角之間的相關性較差，偏心扭轉角不宜作為判斷結構是否計及扭轉效應及需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層單向偏心結構，建議採用相對偏心距作為需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標，並給出針對不同平面尺寸的界限相對偏心距；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層雙向偏心結構，建議採用兩個主軸方向的相對偏心距及其夾角作為界定指標，結合單向偏心結構的界定方案進行需考慮雙向水平地震作用的結構范圍界定；凸凹不規則結構的扭轉效應與凸凹比例無正相關關系， 《抗震規范》要求所有平面布置不對稱的凸凹不規則結構計及扭轉效應的規定欠妥當，建議凸凹不規則界限值從30改為15 ，只要求分析採用空間模型比較合適； 《抗震規范》關于有效樓板寬度較小的結構需計及扭轉效應的規定很有必要，樓板局部不連續的結構需採用符合樓板實際剛度的計算模型予以分析，可使用相對偏心距（及其夾角）參照單向（和雙向）偏心結構的界定方案，界定樓板局部不連續結構是否需要計入雙向水平地震作用下的扭轉效應。
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