碳化溫度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [tànhuàwēndù]
碳化溫度
英文
carbonization temperature-
Even after making generous assumptions, we determined that the maximum temperature reached in carbonaceous - chondrite asteroids with a diameter of 80 kilometers or more would be only 670 degrees c, too low to cause any melting at all
即使給予很寬松的假設，我們認為直徑在80公里或以上的碳質球粒隕石小行星，達到的最高溫度只有670 ，不足以造成任何的熔化。Based on the analyses on mechanical properties, microstructure and fracture of - the microalloyed steels socrv with various heat treatment technique, it can be affirmed that various fractures arttribute to various mechanism, we can draw conclusion that the strength and toughness of microalloyed steels 50crv will be increase simultaneously by optimal heat treatment technique. to illustrate the mechanism of the strength and toughness of microalloyed steels socrv, we designed the comparative experiment and observed the microstructure of the sample which occurred at different quench and tempering temperature and different tempering time. the last experiment results were determined by the four factors : fined microalloyed elements grains, the decompound of martensite, martensite transformation of remnant austenite and the second phase precipitation
為解釋微合金化50crv鋼強韌化機理，本文通過對不同淬火溫度，回火溫度，回火時間下的力學性能指標的對比及顯微分析，認為微合金元素的細化晶粒，馬氏體的回火分解，殘余奧氏體的轉變，第二相的沉澱析出共同決定了微合金鋼的強韌化情況，特別是由於微合金元素的存在，其細化晶粒及其碳氮化物的沉澱析出，導致鋼的良好的強韌性，並且如果工藝滿足第二相的沉澱析出強化大於回火馬氏體分解引起的軟化效應，會在硬度曲線中產生明顯的二次硬化現象。This phenomenon was closely related to the transportation and extraction rate of carbon atoms in the surface of catalysts at different temperatures
這種現象與不同溫度下碳原子在催化劑表面的遷移和析出速率密切相關，也即與不同溫度下催化劑的活性有關。We adopt new production process of cold ends, so our sic heating elements have excellent specific rate of heat zone resistance and cold end resistance, saving energy, long life, avoiding over - temperature of cold ends to damage the furnace body. the commercial name of our sic heating elements is songshan silca heating elements
我們的碳化硅電熱元件採用新的冷端部生產工藝，具有優良的熱冷端電阻比，節能、壽命長，同時避免了因冷端部溫度過高對爐體造成的損害。By study we find the activeness of carbon nanotube may be enhanced after oxidization, sensitization and activation. then we consider temperature, ph and composition of plating bath, in order to make the speed of coating as possible as slow
通過研究，發現經過研磨、氧化、敏化、活化后，可以提高碳納米管表面的活性，通過改進鍍液成分， ph值以及溫度等，使沉積的速度盡可能的低。In this thesis, aragonite whisker was synthesized by introducing co2 into ca ( oh ) 2 suspension mixed with mgcl2. the hyphenated technique of microscope - microcomputer was used to examine the morphology and microstructure of the products. the effects of reaction temperature, concentration of mgcl2, ph value of the initial suspension, flow velocity of co2, and stirring strength on the formation of the polymorphs of calcium carbonate were examined
本文利用改進的碳化法制備了文石相碳酸鈣晶須，採用高倍顯微鏡一計算機聯用技術、掃描電鏡和x射線衍射儀進行產品形貌觀察和晶型分析，討論了溫度、 mgcl _ 2濃度、初始ph值、 co _ 2的流速、攪拌速度等因素對制備文石相碳酸鈣晶須的影響。The studies indicate that different content of pyrophyllite and dolomite can cause the following three cases : ( 1 ) making the refractory point decrease linearly and, to some extent, influencing the microstructure and properties of sintered body ; ( 2 ) acceleratingmullite formation during sintering, reducing thermal expansion coefficient of bond, reinforcing the matching nature and improving the flexural strength and shock strength ; ( 3 ) preventing sic grinding tool from generating black core, expanding suitable sintering temperature range of sic grinding tool
同時，也不同程度地影響了磨具燒結體的微觀結構和性能； （ 2 ）可促進在燒結過程中莫來石的形成，降低結合劑的熱膨脹系數，加強了結合劑與磨料的匹配性，提高了磨具的抗折強度和抗沖擊強度； （ 3 ）在一定溫度范圍內還可防止碳化硅磨具出現黑心現象，拓寬了碳化硅磨具的燒結溫度適應范圍。Rufifacies, peak 16 ( unknown ) and 25 ( 11 -, 13 -, 15 - methyl - hentriacontane ) for b. peregrina and peak 3 ( unknown ), 4 ( tricosene ) and 23 ( unknown ) for p. crassipalpis. additionally, the models were developed respectively to determine the larval age of different flies accurately. 2 temperature effects of time - associated characteristic in cuticular hydrocarbons of aldrichina grahami larva highly significant correlation were observed between the relative abundance of some larval cuticular hydrocarbons associated with gas chromatographic peaks and the chronological age of al
2溫度對巨尾阿麗蠅幼蟲表皮碳氫化合物組成時間特徵的影響及日齡推斷模型的建立巨尾阿麗蠅幼蟲表皮碳氫化合物組份色譜峰，即p30 （二十五烯a ） 、 p33 （正二十五烷） 、 p48 （二十七烯a ） 、 p49 （二十七烯b ）和p79 （正三十一烷）含量與幼蟲日齡呈極顯著相關，且在不同恆溫（ 16 、 20 、 24和28 ）下的變化趨勢基本一致。The hydrothermal activities which were complicated and acted a positive effect in the formation of the zhulazaga gold deposit resulted in hydrothermal alterations of multiepisode, including pyroxeneization, actinolitization, epidotization, ice - feldsparization, silicification, chloritization and carbonatization etc. the research on inclusions in quartz of the ore indicates that the hydrothermal fluid varying greatly in temperature with an average of 286 shows characteristics of high temperature
3 、朱拉扎嘎金礦的形成中熱液活動起到了積極的作用，熱液活動不僅復雜而且具多期性，有透輝石化、陽起石化、綠簾石化、綠泥石化、硅化、冰長石化、碳酸鹽化等。礦石中石英包裹體的研究表明，含礦熱液的溫度變化范圍較寬廣，平均在286 ，顯示中偏高溫特徵。The quality of buffer layer and thin films was analyzed by afm, xrd, rheed and xps respectively. the effect of the experimental parameters such as carbonization time, working pressure, c source gas flow rate, carbonization temperature, different carbonization gas and substrate on the carbonization process was studied firstly. it was observed that the size of particles was increased with the increase of carbonization time and the rms was opposite, but the trend was reduced while the carbonization time was long enough ; the size of particles was increased with the increase of working pressure too, and choosing a proper working pressure could get a smooth surface ; the size of particles was unobviously changed while the gas flow rate was low, but it was notability increased with the increase of gas flow rate while the gas flow rate was high enough, and a smooth surface could be also obtained by choosing a proper gas flow rate ; with the increase of carbonization temperature, the size of particles was increased, the rms is decreased and a good single - crystalline carbonization layer could be obtained, but a rough surface was formed at a excessive high temperature ; the rms of
對于碳化工藝，側重研究了碳化時間、反應室氣壓、 c源氣體的流量、碳化溫度以及不同種類的c源氣體、基片取向等因素對碳化層質量的影響，研究結果表明:隨著碳化時間的增長，碳化層的晶粒尺寸隨之變大，表面粗糙度隨之降低，但當碳化到一定時間之後，碳化反應減緩，碳化層的晶粒尺寸以及表面粗糙度的變化幅度變小;碳化層的晶粒尺寸隨反應室氣壓的升高而變大，適中的反應室氣壓可得到表面比較平整的碳化層;在c源氣體的流量相對較小時，碳化層的晶粒尺寸隨氣體流量的變化不明顯，但當氣體流量增大到一定程度時，碳化層的晶粒尺寸隨氣體流量的增大而明顯變大，同時，適中的氣體流量得到的碳化層表面粗糙度較低;碳化溫度較低時，碳化層的晶粒取向不明顯，隨著碳化溫度的升高，碳化層的晶粒尺寸明顯變大，且有微弱的單晶取向出現，但取向較差，同時，適中的碳化溫度可得到表面平整的碳化層;相比于c _ 2h _ 2 ，以ch _ 4作為c源氣體時得到的碳化層表面平整得多;比起si （ 100 ） ，選用si （ 111 ）作為基片生長的碳化層的晶粒取向一致性明顯更好。Prof stephen schneider, a climatologist from stanford university, who first made his name in the 1970s by predicting a new ice age, was referring to the latest predictions by the nasa space agency that the world faces an extra 0. 6 degrees celsius of warming as a result of fossil fuel emissions already in the atmosphere
曾在1970年預言「新冰河世紀」而聲名遠揚的施奈德教授指出，在過去的半個世紀里，地球表面氣溫上升了0 . 7攝氏度，這主要是由排放到大氣層中的二氧化碳等溫室氣體所導致。Effects of diverse environmental factors on the growth rate ( od4oo ) and nitrogenase activity ( ara ) of the strain w12 hi nitrogen - free culture were investigated in our experiments. the results implied that the strain w12 could easily adapt to different cultural conditions : it could use various carbon sources ( especially glucose, sucrose, malic acid, mannitol ), propagate quickly and fix nitrogen at a temperature range of 15 ? to 40 ? and at 25 - 35 ? for optimum, at a ph range of 4 to 8. 5, at a saline concentration range of 0. 01 % to 1. 5 % ; low nlv " concentration had little effect on its nitrogenase activity. ara could also be detected when it grow in the culture media with 5mmol / l ntv "
W12菌株對環境因子的適應性研究：無氮培養條件下，測定溫度、碳源、酸堿度、滲透壓對w12生長及固氮能力的影響，結果表明，在15 - 40下均能生長並表達固氮酶活性，其最適生長及固氮的溫度為25 - 35 ；能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、蘋果酸、甘露醇等多種碳源生長並固氮，當培養基中同時存在蔗糖和蘋果酸時，細菌生長和固氮活性最強；在偏酸和偏堿的條件下（ ph4 . 5 - 8 . 5 ）均能保持較強的生長勢和較高的固氮酶活性，並能通過調節自身代謝平衡並適應環境的酸、堿性變化，使培養液趨于中性：能耐受較高的滲透壓，培養液中卜、 5 naci濃度對其生長和固氮酶活性影響不大，當naci濃度升至2時，菌株的生長勢及固氮酶活性才有所下降：低濃度的鉸對其固氮酶活性影響不大，在0A co2 laser with the optimized resonator is made and to be proved by experiments. this dissertation focus on the following problems : the kinetics process of the cvl and the co2 laser, the rate equations for the laser level population, electron temperature and electron density
本文的重點是：闡述清楚銅蒸汽激光和二氧化碳激光的動力學過程，定量描述激光能級的粒子數速率方程、電子溫度和電子密度等速率方程The moderate supersonic carbon added to the mold flux for ultra - low carbon steel is used to stay the melting speed as skeleton. then the mold flux coils have the good adiabatic, insulation and even flow property. at the same time it cause the carbon increase in the steel slabs and the operation of the ultra - low carbon is affected at last
超低碳鋼連鑄結晶器用保護渣中，外加中超碳黑作為骨架降低熔化速度，使保護渣具有良好的絕熱保溫性、均勻流動的潤滑性，但同時卻會引起鋼鑄坯的碳增量，最終影響超低碳鋼的成功操作。The results indicated that the dimension, shape and purity of base material could meet the functional demand of solid lubricant ; the thermal decomposition temperature of ptfe resin exceeds 400 c, but organic and inorganic packing filler added in ptfe made the water absorption rate of composite material increased, melting temperature and decomposition temperature decreased, in the meanwhile oxidative decomposition reaction was accompanied ; polar groups such as c = o, c - o - c and so on in the carbon fiber surface is advantageous to increase compatibility with other components and interlayer shearing strength ; uniform design experimental method could help to find the relationship between formula and frictional property by relatively small tests. the developing trend of each formula ' s friction coefficient could be showed by fitting curve ; the friction coefficient with no copper powder or graphite in formula was relatively big. this fact showed that copper powder and graphite should be used cooperatively ; it was found that when the ratio of copper powder to graphite by weight is 15 : 60, 30 : 30 - 40 and 60 : 15 - 30 respectively, the friction coefficient was relatively small. the degree of crystallinity of pure ptfe reached maximum by air cooling and the abrasion loss also reached maximum among three ones ; at the same time, the abrasion loss of solid lubricant sample was also the biggest among three ones ; when solid lubricant matched with 45 # steel axle or gcrl5 steel axle, lubricant transfer film could be formed on metal surface, thus direct contact between the surface of metal friction pair rings was reduced. their working life was elongated extremely ; there was mainly much graphite, a little ptff, moo3, feso4, cus and so on in lubricant transfer film
試驗結果表明：所選原料的尺寸、形狀及純度可滿足固體潤滑劑的性能要求；聚四氟乙烯樹脂熱分解溫度超過400 ，但在ptfe中加入無機填料會使復合材料吸水率提高，熔融溫度及分解溫度降低，且伴有氧化分解反應；碳纖維表面含有c = o及c - o - c等極性基團，有利於提高其與其它組分的相容性，提高層間剪切強度；均勻設計試驗方法能夠用較少的試驗次數找出配方與摩擦性能間的關系，擬合曲線基本能表示各配方的摩擦系數發展趨勢；配方中不加銅粉或不加石墨，其摩擦系數均較高，說明銅粉和石墨應該配合使用；當銅粉15份、石墨60份時，銅粉30份、石墨30 - 40份時，銅粉60 、石墨15 - 30份時，摩擦系數均具有較低值；純聚四氟乙烯樹脂在空氣冷卻時結晶度最大，磨損量也是三者中最大的；同時，固體潤滑劑試樣在空氣冷卻時的磨損量也是三者中最大的：不論是固體潤滑劑與45 #鋼軸配副或是固體潤滑劑鑲嵌入銅套后與gcr15鋼軸配副，在金屬表面均可形成潤滑轉移膜，從而減少金屬摩擦副表面間的直接接觸，大大延長其使用壽命;轉移膜中主要含有較多的石墨、少量聚四氟乙烯、 moo 。Here we summarize the advances in physiology and ecology studies on stored non - structure carbohydrates in plants, concentrating upon the physiological processes of sucrose, fructan, and starch and their responding mechanisms to environmental factors such as temperature and water and human factors
綜述了植物非結構性貯藏碳水化合物的生理生態學研究進展，著重介紹了蔗糖、果聚糖和澱粉代謝的生理過程及對環境因子（溫度和水分）和人為因素的響應機制。Abstract : this article is about two series of borate and phosphate comprising seven directions. the experiment result shows that both of the two gl ass antioxidants can reduce apparent porosity ， raise oxidation resistance and th e crushing strenth after fire ， but lower refractoriness under load. phosphate glas s is superior to borate in refractoriness under load. which c an attain over 1600 ; so the phosphate glass is a d esirable antioxidant
文摘:研究了硼酸鹽和磷酸鹽兩個系列七種配方的玻璃防氧化劑，實驗表明這兩種玻璃防氧化劑均可降低鋁鎂碳磚的氣孔率，提高鋁鎂碳磚的抗氧化能力及燒后的耐壓強度，但也不同程度地降低了鋁鎂磚的高溫荷重軟化變形溫度，其中磷酸鹽玻璃優于硼酸鹽玻璃，其高溫荷重軟化變形溫度可達到1600以上，仍是可取的防氧化劑Four kinds of c / c composites with different preparation techniques were graphitized at 2400 - 2880. the relations between magneto - resistance and orientation ( the angle between surface of samples and magnetic field ), measure temperature, the intensity of magnetic field ( b ) were studied for each sample. the micro - structure and x - ray diffraction pattem were investigated too
本論文在對制備工藝不同的四種碳/碳復合材料樣品進行2400 2880的石墨化處理后，應用ppms （ physicalpropertymeasurementsystem ）研究了測試位向（試樣某特定面和磁場方向夾角） 、測量溫度以及外加磁強對材料磁電阻特性的影響，同時研究了各試樣的微觀結構和x射線衍射譜圖。Influence of ti content on austenite grain size and grain coarsening temperature in medium - carbon boron steel
鈦含量對中碳硼鋼奧氏體晶粒度及晶粒粗化溫度的影響Cassava root is used for carbohydrate source in tropical region. quality of cassava starch is variable and affected by many factors. an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of peeling, washing and drying on starch purity and starch paste viscosity. paste viscosity were based on results of rapid visco analysis ( rva ). the results of this study revealed that : peeling, washing and drying temperature significantly affected cassava starch purity and starch paste viscosity. the starch from unpeeling root had a dullness color, but had higher peak viscosity, trough, final viscosity, breakdown and setback than that of starch from peeling root. more washing not only increased starch purity, but also improved starch past characteristics, such as peak viscosity, trough, final viscosity, setback and pasting temperature. different drying temperature had no effect on starch whiteness. starch purity had a little increase with drying temperature increasing. in general trend, starch dried at higher temperature had higher peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final viscosity and higher setback
木薯在熱帶地區是碳水化合物的主要來源.木薯澱粉的品質受許多因素的影響.本項研究著重探討澱粉提取過程中，削皮、水洗、乾燥溫度對澱粉純度、白度和澱粉糊化粘度的影響.結果表明，未削皮的澱粉樣品色發灰，但具有比削皮處理高的峰值粘度、 95最後粘度、 50時粘度、峰值降和持久性.增加水洗次數，不但能增加澱粉純度，還可提高澱粉高峰值粘度、 95最後粘度、 50時粘度、持久性和糊化溫度.不同乾燥溫度對澱粉白度無影響，但澱粉純度隨乾燥溫度的提高而稍稍增加.通常高的乾燥溫度有高的峰值粘度、 95最後粘度、峰值降、 50時粘度和持久性分享友人