確定契約 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [quèdìngqìyāo]
確定契約
英文
firm contract-
Laco s main responsibility is to ensure conditions of grant of land by government are legally effective. it is also responsible for the preparation of other legal documents including modifications to government leases and grants, waivers, easements, licences and documentation relating to compulsory acquisition of land from private owners and the payment of compensation to them
該處的主要職責，是確保政府擬訂的批地條件符合法律規定，並擬備其他法律文件，包括修訂政府契約與批地條文的文件、短期豁免書、地役權文件、牌照，以及向私人土地擁有人強制徵用土地及支付補償給該等人士所需用的文件。The paper analyzes comparatively interior transaction cost of integrated model with analysis structure of r. h. coase and market transaction cost of market model according to bargain proceeding ; analyzing economy of scales for electricity industry on the terms of its definition coming up with an improved " survival of the fittest " method to find optimum economic scale and explaining " separation of power plant from electric network " with the view of vertical economy ; studying selection and realization for valid competition of electricity industry with theory of contestable market, while setting up a oligarch monopoly competition model for the electricity market based on tax control of government with the thought of dynamic game theory of
應用科斯的交易成本分析框架對一體化管理模式下的內部交易成本進行分析，按照契約過程對市場化模式下的市場交易成本進行分析，並作了相應比較；按照規模經濟的定義對電力產業的規模經濟性進行了分析，提出改進的"適者生存法"來確定電力產業的最優經濟規模，並運用縱向經濟的觀點解釋"廠網分開" ；應用可競爭性理論研究了電力產業的有效競爭方式的選擇和實現，同時借鑒stackelberg模型的動態博弈思想，構建了基於政府稅收調控的電力市場寡頭壟斷競爭模型，通過對模型的分析說明了市場結構的演化和政府管制的必要性。Clear proof of a doctor ' s promise of specific medical results may give rise to an enforceable contract
（就醫生所為達到特定醫療成效的意思表示，倘若有明確的證據，此一契約系屬一可強制履行的契約。 ）The value of the ship shall be assessed without taking into account the beneficial or detrimental effect of any demise or time charterparty to which the ship may be committed
確定船舶的價值時，無須考慮該船因訂有光船或定期租船契約而產生的有利或不利影響。Thirdly, on the basis of contract doctrine, the paper holds high - class advertisement to offer a reward is in validity to be determined before the definition of assessment consequence ; advertisement to offer a reward for lost property shall be fixed its legal validity after founder performs his informative obligation of public summons, obligation of report and obligation of storage ; other kinds of advertisements to offer a reward shall be in force upon its announcement if no special circumstances
再次，以契約說為基礎，認為優等懸賞廣告在優等者評定結果未明確之前其效力待定；遺失物懸賞廣告在拾得人履行了公示告知義務、報告義務和保管義務后應認定其法律效力；其它類懸賞廣告如無特殊情形發布后即為有效。From the process for reaching and operating transaction, this study tries to analyze the principle of common selection among the pertaining transaction parties, the function of this principle on transaction, and make of transaction “ relation ” and “ net ”. there are three major issues on common selection, 1 ) the common selection between the pertaining parties ( buyer and seller ), the target is to sign the contract ; 2 ) internal adjustment of the participants, such as team organizing, internal structural adjustment, meeting the requirement of market competition and marketing strategy, etc. ; 3 ) common selection among the congeneric competitors, like competition coordination system, custom or regulation,
交易中的共同選擇包括三個主要方面，即1 ）有關交易當事人（如賣方與買方）為實現交易，確定契約條件並簽立契約的共同選擇，以契約形成為標志; 2 ）各交易當事人為實現交易進行的相關選擇，如交易當事人團隊內部組織、內部結構調整、對市場環境的適應和市場策略的制定等;以及3 ）同類交易當事人的共同選擇，如維持競爭秩序的同業慣例、建立保證質量並降低交易費用的基本標準系統等，是對外界環境的影響與調整。This section, from the angle of incomplete information, elaborates possible formation on the conflict of interests from the acquiring of different information from different sides or
在這部分，從信息不對稱的角度，論述當簽約各方獲取不同的信息或者具有某種不確定性的時候，在契約關系中可能形成的利益的矛盾。Surveying the theories and practice all over the world, the countries such as german insist on contract responsibility according to providing contract by silent information and protecting the third party. however, america and england tend to infringement responsibility, because they think there is n ' t strict contract relations between accounting and the third party, and cpa against the liability stipulated in advance. the third party can be devided to the direct third party, the predicted third party and the third party which can be predicted reasonably
縱觀世界各國學說與實踐，德國等大陸法系國家一般主張為契約責任，這主要是以默示的信息提供契約，具保護第三人效力的契約，契約締結上的過失等理由為依據；而英美法系國家，判例和學說趨向降旗認定為一種侵權責任，因為會計師與第三人之間並無嚴格意義上的契約關系，雖然對注冊會計師而言，第三人具有合理的可被預見性，但第三人畢竟是不確定的多數人，因而會計師違反的是法律事先規定的義務，侵犯的是一般公民的權利，是絕對權，只能依侵權行為的責任構成追究責任。This paper focuses on the entities and modes of internal capital markets, the rationality of double perspective of boundaries defining, juristic factors influencing the defining, and roles of prohibitive rules and effective contracts
為此，該文重點討論了我國企業內部資本市場運作的主體與方式，邊界確定合理性的雙重視角，影響我國企業內部資本市場邊界確定的法規因素，以及禁止性規則和有效契約在內部資本市場邊界確定中的作用等問題。Finally, the process of transmitting the modern law from the west to the east, which was beginning at the middle of 19th century, led the transformation of the whole traditional legal system of china at the beginning of 20th century. it had made the model for the development of the modem contract law, and established the foundation
最後，始於十九世紀中葉的「西法東漸」 ，至二十世紀初導致了中國整個法律傳統的轉型，其對于國家契約法的草創，為近代契約法律的發展確定了模式、奠定了基礎。In1980 ’ s, the civil society was properly the foundation of good governance and was also the total of all the folk organizations and relationship except our government and market. in this essay, i will look back to the evolution of the concept “ civil society ”. it will be explaned keyining with the traditional conception and includes the theoretical foundation of civil society by aristotle, the clear traditionally conception of civil society by cicero, the reformation of the conception by so much attention to the civil sicoety paid by the ideologists, and the improvement of civil society theory
本文要了解公民社會概念的演變情況，從傳統意義上公民社會概念開始闡述，包括亞里士多德奠定公民社會理論基礎，西塞羅明確傳統意義的公民社會概念，阿奎那對公民社會概念的改造，契約論思想家對公民社會的重視，現代公民社會理論的提出和完善，包括黑格爾、馬克思、哈貝馬斯、阿托拉等人的各種觀點，理清公民社會概念在西方的發展歷程。The main purpose of contracts is to help us build better software by organizing the communication between software elements through specifying, as precisely as possible, the mutual obligations and benefits that are involved in those communications
契約的主要目的是：盡可能準確地規定軟體元素彼此通訊時的彼此義務和權利，從而有效組織通訊，進而幫助我們構造出更好的軟體。Some suggestions, which are as follows : ( 1 ) to increase the regulations about obligation of attention ; ( 2 ) to regulate the self - dealing effectively ; ( 3 ) to forbid usurping the opportunity the company has got early ; ( 4 ) to increase the obligations of directors " keeping commercial secrets and forbidding to compete with one ' s own company in the same interest in any other companies after ending the bargain, the obligations that directors should fulfill automatically after ending the bargain ; ( 5 ) to consummate the system of company interposition right ; ( 6 ) to establish and consummate the right of litigation of shareholders, were put forward to bring the obligations and liabilities of directors of our company legislation to completion tentatively
我國《公司法》既未規定董事的注意義務，又未規定忠實義務的積極性要求，而對忠實義務的消極性規定則存在較大缺陷。本文提出了完善我國有關董事義務與責任立法的幾點建議，包括： （ 1 ）增加董事注意義務的規定； （ 2 ）系統規定董事「自我交易」規則； （ 3 ）明確禁止篡奪「公司機會」的規定； （ 4 ）增加董事保守商業秘密和競業禁止的后契約義務； （ 5 ）完善公司介入權制度； （ 6 ）確立並完善股東訴權。This article introduces related researches on non - successive structural substitution, including analysis on the characteristics of institutional structure for mixed economic organizations and their perimeter, and on impact of institutional environments such as property right, contract law, and prestige effect on mixed economic organizations
文章介紹了在這一研究思路下國外的有關研究運用非連續結構性替代分析工具，既分析了混合經濟組織的制度結構特徵，指出了混合經濟組織的邊界，又分析了產權、契約法、聲譽效應以及不確定性等制度環境因素對混合經濟組織的影響。Chapter one mainly formulates whether the nature of sailing date notice is quotation or invitation to quotation, whether booking is confirmation or quotation based on that the process of concluding a contract in the " law on contracts ", i. e., quotation and confirmation enlightens the marine transportation contract conclusion ; through analyzing the process of concluding liner transportation contract and voyage chartering contract, tries to find out the concluding rules to marine goods transportation contract so as to supply theoretical and legal evidences to better understand the effect of concluding marine transportation contract ; determines the contractual rights and obligations of both parties in the marine goods transportation contract through analyzing the rescission and suspension of marine goods transportation contract
第一章從《合同法》中關于合同訂立過程（即要約與承諾）對海上貨物運輸合同訂立的啟示，主要論述船期公告的性質是要約還是要約邀請，訂艙是承諾還是要約，通過對班輪運輸合同和航次租船合同訂立過程的分析，試圖找出海上貨物運輸合同的訂立規則，為更好地理解海上貨物運輸合同成立的效力提供理論和法律依據。通過對海上貨物運輸合同解除和中止的分析，來確定海上貨物運輸合同中合同雙方的契約權利和義務。By drawing essence from limited partnership contract, we can reconstruct and improve incorporated company contract in china ; the fourth, when compared with debt contract or common stock contract, convertible preferred stock contract is the best choice for our investing stage contract, because it is better to alleviate asymmetric information and lower agency cost effectively in the process of venture capital investment. but it is very possible that common stock contract would still be used widely in a certain long time because convertible preferred stock contract suffers law restriction and many other limitations in china ; the fifth, staged investment, combinative investment and united investment are recommended strongly in this paper
但由於可轉換優先股契約在我國受到諸多限制，普通股契約在一定時期內仍將居於主導地位；第五，分段投資、組合投資、聯合投資（投資辛迪加）可較好地適應風險投資過程中的不確定性、有效降低投資風險，應積極借鑒；第六，人力資本不確定性的存在是可轉換優先股、分段投資在契約條款中頻頻出現的內在原因；第七，信譽機制在風險投資過程中具有自動履約功能；第八，促進投資主體與產權結構多元化、轉換政府職能、完善法律法規、培育經理市場、健全社會信用體系、充分發揮信譽的自動履約功能是保障我國風險投資契約順利履行的關鍵。In the forth part, on the bases of the third part, the paper works out the amount of the stock option plan, which is just the amount that a company can grant its beneficiaries during a whole stock option plan ; the amount that a company can grant its beneficiaries one year and the amount that a beneficiary can attain one year. in the fifth part, also the last part, after introducing the method that decides the exercise price in foreign and associating our country ' s conditions, the paper discusses several methods, which fit our company. they are comprehensive price method, cash flow method, simulating listed company ' s price method and asset evaluation method
本論文包括五部分，在第一部分中論述了我國引進股票期權的必要性及股票期權計劃的國內外發展狀況；第二部分探討了股票期權計劃的理論基礎，具體有契約理論、委託代理理論、兩要素理論、共同治理理論、風險激勵理論；第三部分針對七個期權獲受人的工作職責分別設計了七個有定量指標和定性指標構成的個人業績評價指標體系，並給出了評價標準和評價方法；第四部分則充分利用了第三部分的評價結果，分別確定了公司在一個股票期權計劃中可授予股票期權的總量、各年可授予的股票期權數量、個人可獲得的股票期權數量；第五部分，也就是最後一部分，在介紹國外行權價格確定方法的基礎上，結合我國國情，探討了適用於我國行權價格確定的各種方法，包括綜合價格法、現金流量法、模擬上市公司價格法、資產評估法。On the other hand, the incomplete contract theory tells that in a world with uncertainty the contract is never too complete to include all conceivably possible arrangements of rights and duties
不完全契約理論認為，在一個不確定性的現實世界中，契約不可能包括對末來各種可能狀態的預測及其相應的權利與義務的安排。Interna1 governance rofers to the incenti ve contract arrange and the balance of the parties involved in the cis. externa1 governance refers to the discipline enforced by market and externa1 supervision by publ ic supervisory body
所謂內部治理根據法律和法規以及基金有關契約規定確立的內部制衡與激勵安排，而外部治理是指外在市場壓力和外部監管力量。Only at night, says the contract. after eleven, to be precise. decent people are not out after eleven, and decent people should not have to witness what i do
契約規定，只能在夜間外出。再準確點，就是過了夜裡11點。一般人這個時候不會出門，當然也就不可能會看到我會干出什麼來。分享友人