等價文法 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [děngjiàwén]
等價文法 英文
equivalent grammar
  • : Ⅰ量詞1 (等級) class; grade; rank 2 (種; 類) kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞(程度或數量上相同) equa...
  • : 名詞1. (價格) price 2. (價值) value 3. [化學] (化合價) valence
  • : Ⅰ名詞1 (字) character; script; writing 2 (文字) language 3 (文章) literary composition; wri...
  • : Ⅰ名詞1 (由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱) law 2 (方法; 方式) way; method; mode; means 3 (標...
  • 等價 : of equal value; equal in value; equivalence
  • 文法 : grammar文法學 grammar
  1. In this thesis, we study some open problems and conjectures about the linear complementarity problem. it consists of the next three aspects : firstly, we study murthys " open problem whether the augmented matrix is a q0 - matrix for an arbitary square matrix a, provide an affirmable answer to this problem, obtain the augmented matrix of a sufficient matrix is a sufficient matrix and prove the graves algorithm can be used to solve linear complementarity problem with bisymmetry po - matrices ; secondly, we study murthys " conjecture about positive semidefinite matrices and provide some sufficient conditions such that a matrix is a positive semidefinite matrix, we also study pang ' s conjecture, obtain two conditions when r0 - matrices and q - matrices are equivelent and some properties about e0 q - matrices ; lastly, we give a counterexample to prove danao ' s conjecture that if a is a po - matrix, a e " a p1 * is false, point out some mistakes of murthys in [ 20 ], obtain when n = 2 or 3, a e " a p1 *, i. e. the condition of theorem 3. 2 of [ 25 ] that a p0 can be deleted and obtain a e " a is an almost e - matrix if a is a co - matrix or column sufficient matrix

    分為三個部分,主要研究了線性互補問題的幾個相關的公開問題以及猜想: ( 1 )研究了murthy在[ 2 ]中提出的公開問題,即對任意的矩陣a ,其擴充矩陣是否為q _ 0 -矩陣,給出了肯定的回答,得到充分矩陣的擴充矩陣是充分矩陣,並討論了graves演算,證明了若a是雙對稱的p _ 0 -矩陣時, lcp ( q , a )可由graves演算給出; ( 2 )研究了murthy在[ 6 ]中提出關於半正定矩陣的猜想,給出了半正定矩陣的一些充分條件,並研究了pang ~ -猜想,得到了只r _ 0 -矩陣與q -矩陣的二個條件,以及e _ 0 q -矩陣的一些性質; ( 3 )研究了danao在[ 25 ]中提出的danao猜想,即,若a為p _ 0 -矩陣,則,我們給出了反例證明了此猜想當n 4時不成立,指出了murthy在[ 20 ]中的一些錯誤,得到n = 2 , 3時,即[ 25 ]中定理3 . 2中a p _ 0的條件可以去掉。
  2. Two parts are included in this study : part one : study evolve in domestic and overseas the general introduction were given about the class, property and composing of asphalt and the development background, study evolve in domestic and overseas and class of modified asphalt. the comparative detailed introductions were given about performance and influencing factors, appraisable means of some important polymer modified asphalt

    的研究工作包括兩個部分:第一部分:國內外研究進展對瀝青的分類、性質以及組成和改性瀝青的發展背景、國內外的研究進展以及分類作了比較全面的介紹,並對幾種重要的高分子改性瀝青的性能及其影響因素、評作了較詳細的介紹。
  3. By now, the tax - revenue equality principle and taxation fairness doctrine based on " contract spirit and equality principle " require the position of all the subjects of taxation - law system - the country, tax bureau and taxpayer, are equal of law too, thus the article make a tentative study of the equal value which conceiving in taxation law system

    推至現代,建立在「契約精神和平原則」基礎上的稅收平原則和稅收公平主義則要求稅收律關系的全部主體一一國家、征稅機關和納稅主體,考察其彼此之間的平和公平關系。基於此,本對稅收律關系中所蘊涵的平值作了初步探討。
  4. Aspect the evaluation in the now available expressway construction project management is chiefly concentrated at economy with the technology, and to manages the twist hempen thread imitates that the research which appraised chiefly includes in effect which inspected and control evaluation and the construction course the evaluation of some one quotas, the unified evaluation system of not formation ; the twist hempen thread effect assessment method is managed to the now available project item, and stopping certain tier face in the item construction mostly, assessment method adaptability is wrong, and lacks the synthetical evaluation to the scattered assessment method of selection submitted a tender such as beckoning and so on

    現有高速公路建設項目管理中的評主要集中在經濟和技術方面,而對管理績效評的研究主要包括監理的效果評和施工過程中的一些單指標的評,沒有形成統一的評體系;現有的工程項目管理績效評,諸如招投標的選擇之類的零散評,大多停留在項目施工的某一層面,評適應性差,缺少綜合評。本通過對現有高速公路建設項目管理評體系存在問題的分析,結合高速公路建設項目管理的特點,構建了高速公路建設項目管理績效評內容、指標體系,運用模糊評、專家評、熵評對高速公路建設工程項目管理績效做出了綜合評
  5. First, we reformulate the kkt systems of the constrained optimization problem and the symmetric variational inequality prpoblem into equivalent nonsrnooth equations by using the so called ncp functions

    研究求解約束最優化問題和對稱變分不式kkt系統的bfgs演算。首先利用ncp函數將問題的kkt系統轉化為的非光滑方程組。
  6. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮,論主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討:全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變,對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評,並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討;對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述,對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解;全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義,並與傳統的地下水資源計算評進行了對比分析,結合實例具體說明了方的應用;深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性,對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方進行了全面的評述,指出了各類預測預報方的特點及適用條件,對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方及其應用范圍,以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹,並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析,採用時間序列中的b ? j,蒙特卡羅方,與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合,探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路;綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷,將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度,使模型更準確、更實用;對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析,內部河海人學博卜學位論前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀,科學的資源計算與評,可靠的資源預測預報技術,可操作的資源管理措施,外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策規、經濟杠桿的調節、人素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  7. Next analyzed were the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission ; cost, ratemaking principle, method of acquiring the pipeline transmission fee, constitution, calculate, management and control after that, wt ; compared service cost methods with economic evaluation methods and the one - part pricing method with the two - part pricing method. later on was introduced the regulate coefficient of pipeline transmission fee structure, established the modificatory two - part pricing method, and found out a natural gas pipeline transmission pricing method that is fit for china ' s current situation. finally, we validated the rationality and applicability of this metho j by the demonstrational analysis on the natural gas pipeline transmission price of " the gas transmission from west to east " pipeline this paper ' s research fundamental is : the fundamental of natural gas pipeline transmission pricing should reflect the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission

    首先論述了自然壟斷行業的格理論,然後分析了天然氣管輸的特點、定原則及管輸費的收取方式、成本、構成、計算及其管理與調控;在此基礎上比較了中外天然氣管輸定的服務成本與經濟評,一部制定與兩部制定;針對目前我國天然氣管道運的制定現狀,本深入研究了國際通用的天然氣管輸定,引入「管輸費結構調整系數」的指標,建立修正的兩部制定,找出了一套適合於我國當前國情的恰當的天然氣管輸定,並通過「西氣東輸」管線加以實證分析,驗證了方的合理性和適用性。
  8. In a word, it presents a comprehensive and systemic analysis on mbo in china and foreign countries, from the followly fire aspects : the background of mba, the policy environment, the objective firms, the pricing methods, the financing system, find out differences of mba and the causes of them, and combinating special eco - nomic environment and economic traces of our country, the author puts forward counterplan. these counterplans primarily include : from strengthening laws, enhancing the information to publish, culturing to agency and etc to come to perfect the mbo policy environment on our country ; defining objective firms of mbo in realm that the state - owned property is decided to withdraw ; with the clean property worth for the foundation, synthesize to consider managers " contribute and the value of control powers with company, and pass the market mechanism to come for right price of the objective firms ; pass growing the organization investor, creative financing tool and optimizing the assistant financial system, establishing the valid withdrawing way of financing etc to resolve the financing problem

    在此基礎上,論從收購背景、政策環境、目標企業、定、融資體制五個方面對中外mbo做了全面系統的對比分析,找出了兩者的差異及原因,並結合我國特有的經濟環境和經濟軌跡,提出了相應的對策措施。這些對策主要包括:從健全規、加強信息披露、培育中介機構方面來完善我國mbo的政策環境;在國有資產決定退出的領域內對mbo的目標企業進行界定;以凈資產值為基礎,綜合考慮管理層貢獻和公司控制權兩個因素,通過市場機制來為目標公司正確定;通過培育機構投資者、創新融資工具和優化配套金融制度、建立有效的融資的撤出渠道來解決融資問題。
  9. Big wild goose pagoda, stands in the compound of the temple of great maternal grace some four kilometers south of the city proper. it was built in 629 a. d. to keep the 657 volumes of buddhist scripture brought back by the famous monk xuan zang from india. the monk stayed in the temple for 11 years studying and translating the buddhist scripture

    大雁塔坐落在西安城南四公里處的大慈恩寺內,初建於公元648年,中國歷史上著名僧人玄奘于公元628年沿絲路往印度國求取經, 16年後歸國,攜回佛經657部,為保存這些佛教經典,他向皇帝建議修建大雁塔,並在此從事翻譯著述達11年之久,譯出74部梵經典,大雁塔內所藏書,繪畫雕刻,極具史學值。
  10. This paper introduces an innovative method called correspondence analysis to evaluate public library websites from five aspects - traffic, visit, connectivity, speed and page views

    通過對各種網站評的比較,選擇了對應分析,從流量、訪問量、連結數、速度和流覽頁面數五個方面對各地公共圖書館網站進行了相對性評
  11. The key technology of mpidss includes the distributed supported technology, the process control of cooperative working and the real - time control of the decision process, etc. based on the technologies of decision support system ( dss ), group decision support system ( gdss ) and distributed decision support system ( ddss ), with the theory of system engineering and artificial intelligence such as knowledge engineering, agent, etc, having the background of the items supported by the national 10th five - year plan foundation - the research on the technology of military programming intelligent decision support system, this paper focus its work on researching on the algorithm of mission decomposing and mission distributing, distributed support technology, real - time process control method and project evaluating technology, etc. further more, the architectural model of process control based on multi - agent alliance is put forward and the prototype system of mpidss is implemented

    這類決策問題與傳統的企業決策的不同點在於決策群體龐大、決策任務多且任務屬性各異、決策任務的求解具有實時性要求。決策過程中的關鍵技術包括分散式支持技術、決策任務求解的過程式控制制技術以及實時任務的求解控制策略。論在繼承傳統的個體決策支持系統( dss ) 、群體決策支持系統( gdss )和分散式決策支持系統( ddss )技術的基礎上,結合系統工程思想以及人工智慧中的知識工程、 agent前沿技術,以總裝備部十五預研課題? ? 「群體決策支持平臺」為課題背景,深入研究了分散式多任務群體決策過程中的任務分解與分配演算、任務協作策略、分散式支持技術、實時控制技術,決策方案評技術,提出了用於過程式控制制的多agent聯盟體系結構模型,設計和實現了面向軍事作戰規劃的智能決策支持原型系統。
  12. The detection of interest points is the basis of kinds of computer vision applications, such as : camera calibration, 3d reconstruction, image matching, video retrieval, motion estimation, etc. in this paper, three impersonal criteria : delocalization, false - detection rate, and repeatability are presented to evaluate the performance of an interest points detection algorithm

    興趣點檢測是許多計算機視覺應用的基礎,如:攝像機定標、三維重建、圖像匹配、視頻檢索、運動估計。本首先給出了一個評興趣點檢測演算性能的客觀標準,這個標準包括以下三個準則:點位置偏差、誤檢率及重復度。
  13. This dissertation, recalling its theoretical origins and its measuring methods, systematically identifies its connotation and extension, and analyses, both theoretically and positively, its discerning methods, working mechanism as well as fostering approaches under present circumstance of the entry into wto of china. the author hold that the core competence of corporation is embodied in the evolution of an corporation ' s competences

    回顧了企業能力的相關理論和主要識別方,結合我國企業的實際情況和加入wto后的環境變化,對企業核心能力的涵義特徵、外延層次、評、挖掘程序、形成機制和培育途徑作了較為系統的理論闡釋和實證分析。
  14. The manufacturability includes many aspects, such as geometry structure of parts, the rationality of the tolerance specification, fixturability and the assemblability etc. in the research, the main research topics are focused on the following aspects : the study on the incremental evaluation approach during the detailed design process, the study on the entireness evaluation after the design has completed and the study on the fixturability evaluation of the machined parts for modular fixture

    的研究內容主要涉及以下幾個方面:詳細設計過程中的可製造性逐步評、基於簡化加工工藝規劃的整體可製造性評、面向組合夾具的零件可裝夾性評。在本研究中,零件的設計方案以b _ rep實體模型表示,零件的公差和表面質量以實體模型中各個相關面的屬性表示。
  15. The major performances of concrete and mortars, which are mixed with different quantities of expansion admixtures under the same mix proportions, are studied systematically and deeply in this work. sulphoaluminate mixed with a type of new expanding component by use of the composite methods are studied in the laboratory, and some achievements have been obtained. the service conditions, the characteristics and the shortcomings of expansion admixture in the concrete engineering are analyzed and summarized based on literatures, and the expanding mechanism of concrete is discussed

    試圖從膨脹劑不同摻量研究其對混凝土和砂漿主要性能的影響,進行了一系列宏觀力學性能試驗研究;利用差熱分析( dta ) 、掃描電子顯微鏡( sem )分析手段對鈣礬石水化產物的結晶和生成量、形貌特徵進行微觀分析;並採用復合方摻加新型膨脹組分對硫鋁酸鹽類膨脹劑( uea )進行了改性試驗研究,根據多因素模糊綜合評就各類膨脹劑的主要性能進行綜合評,得出摻加新型膨脹組分pt的膨脹劑性能較優,取得了明顯的效果。
  16. Evading risk in financial trading market cries for pricing options to a nicety. asian option, as the most flourish options in the finace market, the pricing has been focused on always. the exact pricing formula for the geometric average asian option had existed, but as to the european - style arithmetic average asian option, due to the dependence structure between the prices of the underlying asset, no analytical formula exists. on the hypothesis that the market is frictionless and without transaction costs 、 on the base of b - s ’ s and in the binomial tree model, we provide several algorithms for computing an accurate value of the european - style arithmetic average asian option. following rogers and shi and by jensen ’ s inequality, many different upper and lower bounds are provided ; meanwhile a formula have got by the comonotonicity and approximating the distribution function. all of the algorithms are easy for programming. with the development of computer, more accurater price can be computed quickly. and numerical example proved that these algorithms are very accurate

    對于幾何平均亞式期權它的定相對簡單,已經給出了定公式。對于算術平均亞式期權,它的未定權益具有軌道依賴特性,一直沒有得到它的定方程的解析解形式。本基於對市場是無摩擦且在沒有交易費用的情況下,在b - s模型下,利用二叉樹模型給出了算術平均亞式期權定;並總結了利用jensen 』 s不式給出的各種不同情況下的上下界;同時應用共單調性和近似分佈函數的方也給出了算術平均亞式期權格的近似公式。
  17. This paper, in the light of the special geological environment and actual project situation of the three gorges reservoir area, puts forward a comprehensive analysis and evaluation system suitable for the stability analysis of the bank landslide of the three gorges reservoir area under the premise of thorough consideration of the water influence on the stability of the bank landslide, and obtains the following achievements in several aspects that have the practical application significance and certain scientific research value : ( 1 ) it is discovered that the water activity is the primary factor of the formation of the new landslide and the revival of the ancient landslide. on the one hand, the rising underwater level reduces the actual stress of landslide ; on the other hand, the long time soaking of the underwater reduces the mechanics intensity of the landslide and the slide belt, both of which reduce directly the landslide stability ; ( 2 ) in view of the special condition of the three gorges reservoir area, this paper analyzes systematically the forces acted on the landslide of the three gorges reservoir area and the force varieties acted on the divided landslide when the water level changes between 175 meters and 145 meters. thus it is more scientific and comprehensive for the analysis of the forces acted on the landslide ; ( 3 ) this paper summaries systematically 10 kinds of typical computation projects by organic combinations of different kinds of situations in the dry season ( nature statue ), rainy season ( rainstorm or rains for a long time condition ), with 175m water level in the reservoir, during the earthquake, with the water level of the reservoir adjusted from 175m to 145m and so on, and produces

    針對長江三峽庫區特殊的地質環境與工程實際情況,在充分考慮水對庫岸滑體穩定性影響的前提下,提出了一個適用於長江三峽庫岸滑坡體穩定性分析的綜合分析評體系,並取得了如下幾個方面具有工程實際意義和一定科學研究值的研究成果: ( 1 )研究結果發現,水的活動是新滑坡形成或古滑坡復活的主要因素,一方面是由於地下水位升高降低了滑坡體的有效應力,另一方面是由於地下水的長期浸泡降低滑體及滑帶的力學強度,這兩方面的因素均將直接降低滑坡的穩定性; ( 2 )針對三峽庫區的特殊條件,系統分析了作用於三峽庫區滑坡體上的力系和庫水位在175m與145m間變化時滑體條塊的受力變化,從而使對作用於滑坡體上的力系分析更科學、更全面; ( 3 )通過對滑體處于旱季(天然狀態) 、雨季(暴雨或長期降雨狀態) 、 175m庫水位、地震以及庫水位由175m調節下降至145m各種不同情況的有機組合,本系統地歸納總結出了10種典型計算工況,並具體給出了相應的作用荷載的計算方,使在庫區岸坡滑體穩定性分析評時對計算工況選擇及其作用荷載的計算更具規范性; ( 4 )具體運用c + + builder開發了關于滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評系統,使對滑坡體穩定性分析計算更方便、更準確; ( 5 )將上述滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評系統應用於重慶市豐都縣名山滑坡穩定性分析的具體事例中,分析結果表明,本所提出滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評對三峽庫區的滑坡穩定性分析是實用可行的。
  18. The integrated analysis and valuation of the sight character in hubin has been performed from the following aspects inclusive of landscape spacial web structure, spacial status and element detailed character with the forementioned method and graphic expression tools. 3 ) the historical evolvement of the whole landscape around the lake has been analyzed according to the system integration theory of landscape ecology. the whole characteristic of the traditional landscape around the lake has been researched from the three aspects as follows : variety of the landscape ; spacial interaction and continuation ; consistency as a whole, then the special skeleton of traditional landscape around the lake is discovered and the scientific foundation of landscape protection and control for the urban planning of traditional block is established

    首先,本對于湖濱街區的現存景觀狀況、歷史脈、居民生活環境質量做了大量調查與評,並對居民對于現行規劃成果的評以及對于未來景觀發展的看做了深入的調查;第二,根據國際上關于城市景觀特質保護的最新研究思想,結合中國化的特點,創新性地提出了傳統景觀特質的場所脈評,採用幾何結構模擬的圖示解剖手段,從景觀空間網路結構、景觀空間形態、景觀元素細部特徵多方面對湖濱地區的景觀特質進行了整體分析評;第三,根據景觀生態學的系統整體性理論,分析了整個環湖地區景觀歷史演變發展,並且從景觀多樣性、空間滲透、延續性與整體一致性三方面研究了環湖地區傳統景觀的整體特徵,找到了環湖地區傳統景觀的獨特脈絡,為傳統街區的更新規劃找到了景觀保護與控制管理的科學依據。
  19. To settle the disadvantages of the learning evaluation system in chinese, this paper, on the basis of " compulsory national education curriculum standard of courses for chinese ", probes into some ideas, in the aspects of the relation between knowledge and abilities, procedure and method, affection and values ; in the fields of becoming literate, reading, writing, oral communication and comprehensive learning, which emphasize the process of chinese learning and the formative evaluation taking on the characters of the variety of evaluated subjects, evaluating programs and evaluating methods, fully exert the positive influence of the diagnostic, encouraging and feedback effect, in order to maximize the output and efficiently boost the development of students

    單一的評脫離了學生的心智發展,脫離了語本身的化屬性和審美屬性。語課程評的目的最終是為了促進學生語素養的形成和發展。本針對現行語學習評的局限性,以《全日制義務教育語課程標準(實驗稿) 》為依據,從知識與能力、過程與方、情感態度與值觀維度,對識字與寫字、閱讀、寫作、口語交際、綜合性學習五個方面,關注學生語學習過程,在實踐中探求評主體多元、項目多種和形式多樣的形成性評,充分發揮評的診斷、激勵、反饋功能,有效地促進學生發展。
  20. This includes the consolidation principle, the scope of application, design method, construction technique, quality control and so on. secondly, how to select and estimate a scheme of foundation consolidation are also discussed. the technique characteristic of dynamic consolidation method and deep mixing method are analyzed in the paper

    首先對強夯和深層攪拌的技術特點和加固機理進行論述,充分闡述兩種加固方的加固機理、使用范圍、設計方、施工工藝和質量控制;接著論述地基加固方案的選擇和評,並分析強夯和深層攪拌加固技術的技術特點,為工程選用合適的地基加固方案奠定基礎。
分享友人