系結契約 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xìjiēqìyāo]
系結契約 英文
tying contract
  • 系 : 系動詞（打結; 扣） tie; fasten; do up; button up
  • 結 : 結動詞（長出果實或種子） bear （fruit）; form （seed）
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  1. 2 ) the principal factors result in earning management include : clientage - agent model, debt covenant, political cost covenant, asymmetrical information, accounting policy, faultiness of accounting standard and accounting system

    盈餘管理形成機制的主要因素包括：委託代理關系、債務契約關系、政治成本假設、非對稱信息存在、會計政策選擇、會計準則和會計制度的不完善、信息披露制度不完善、上市公司治理結構等。
  2. The writer recognizes that as well to should include the concordat the occasion, quanta that establish him also infringement not default the square ' s proper avail, non obstinate this fraction the avail and does not occupy the point, and deny their entity but the non possums, for example the corporeal have the minor faults, treaty about body breach of warranty the etc. ultimately is a treaty about the negligence responsibility is an infringement reliance avail, the writer recognize and should include the modern law of contract of proper avail, quanta to have the infringement

    最後就是締約過失責任是只侵犯了信賴利益嗎，筆者認為應該包括固有利益，因為現代契約法有侵權法向合同法轉移的情況，其根源就是侵犯的包括固有利益。再次是關于預期違約責任的一些問題，預期違約來源於英美法系，對于預期違約的概念國內有三種，筆者認為它的定義是在合同締結之後至合同履行期到來之前產生的履約危險加以救濟的法律制度。
  3. Precontract is based on the theory of the relational contract law and life of contract, which reflect the parties " intention to control the process to make a forward contract

    預約以關系契約法學說及合同的生活史理論為存在依託，體現了當事人主動對合同的締結過程進行安排、控制的意圖。
  4. This makes the intermediation system to be the most characteristic one in our civil case judgment however, along with the diversification of the society value, the dispersion of the society construction and the concretization of the society relationship, not only because the finite judicial resources ca n ' t bear the increasingly dilating issues, but also because of the awakening of the party concerned corpus consciousness, the intermediation system in operation already ca n ' t approach the requirements of the society for dispute solving with fair and efficiency, and this inevitably request adjusting and reconstructing the intermediation system of our court. from here caused the dispassionate considerations of the numerous scholars. they bring upped the standpoint of different views, surrounding the " retain ", " discard " and " reformulate "

    然而，隨著社會價值的多元化、社會結構的分散化和社會關系的契約化，不僅有限的司法資源已不堪日益膨脹的糾紛所帶來的重負，更由於當事人主體意識的覺醒，使得現行調解制度已無法面對社會對于糾紛解決的公正和效率的要求，這必然要求調整和重構我國法院的調解制度，並由此引發了眾多學者的冷靜思考，圍繞法院調解制度的「存」 、 「廢」 、 「改」 ，提出了很多見仁見智的觀點。
  5. In chapter 9 we summarize the whole paper, and explain the shortages of this paper and problems to further study. main conclusions of this paper are as follows : the first, state - owned funds have always been predominant in venture capital sources in china, and this caused the " government - operated model " which leads to excessive government ' s interferes and distorted venture capital contracts ; the second, limited partnership contract is better than incorporated company contract, because the former has obvious advantages in not only encouragement and controls, but also in investors " profits. however, this paper insists, incorporated company contracts will still be very popular in the near future because limited partnership still be illegal in most provinces of china ; the third, venture capitalists " share of profits in compensation clause of fundraising contracts is influenced by investors " attitude towards difficulties and obstacles of future investment

    本文研究的主要結論：第一，在我國風險資本來源中，政府風險資本一直居於主導地位，這造就了我國風險投資的「官辦官營」模式，使其契約機制從一開始就帶有「行政干預」的烙印；第二，有限合夥契約在約束機制、激勵機制、投資者收益三個方面都明顯優于公司制契約，因此是我國風險融資契約的發展方向，但由於有限合夥在我國受到法律限制，公司制契約在一定時期內仍是我國風險融資契約的主要形式；第三，融資契約報酬條款中的激勵系數受主體先驗概率影響，借鑒有限合夥契約，可對我國公司制融資契約進行改造與重構；第四，與債權契約、普通股契約相比，可轉換優先股契約可以有效緩解風險投資過程中的信息不對稱、降低代理成本，因此是我國風險投資契約的最優選擇。
  6. Looking through available documents, the research on innovation network is focused more on formal innovation network which links all participants together on account of agreement official agreements, and less on informal innovation network formed by all kinds of informal links such as social relation, blood relationship, reliance link and informal communication

    從現有的文獻來看，創新網路的研究熱點主要集中於參與者之間基於正式契約類聯系所組建的正式創新網路，而對于隱藏在網路之中的由各種非正式聯系（如社會關系、血緣關系、信任關系、非正式交流等）聯結而成的非正式創新網路認識不足，更缺乏系統深入的研究。
  7. And so on, adopting the studying method of combining macrocosmic and microcosmic, dynamic and static state each other, the paper carrys through a in - depth comprehensive study of the whole commercial law system of ming dynasty in order to open out its inherent structure, basic function and running mechanism. looking the ming " commercial law as a representative example, the paper explores the particularity and the orderliness of development of chinese feudalism legal system

    本文以明代法典、名臣奏議、律學著作、司法檔案、判牘、契約、訟師秘本等內容豐富的法制史料為主要依據，採用宏觀與微觀、動態與靜態相結合的研究方法，對明代整個商事法制體系進行深入的綜合性研究，以揭示其內在結構、基本功能和運行機制。
  8. Topics covered include the changing social contract at work, integrating work and family, managing diversity, managing strategic labor - management partnerships, and managing relations between the firm and its multiple stakeholders

    主題包括：職場社會契約的興革、工作與家庭的整合、多元化管理、策略結盟之勞力管理顧問公司的管理，企業與其多重利害關系人間關系的管理等。
  9. Since 1980s, the risk investment was the focus of the attention of the economic academic community in developed countries especially in u. s. a. not only the basic theory of the indenture economics, information economics and the agency by agreement shows the operational mechanism of the risk investment, but also the means of the experience and empirical analysis are used to study the risk investment ’ s positive affection to the development of the high - tech industry and economy

    本文在系統梳理風險投資基本理論與國內外研究進展的基礎上，對美國風險投資的發展歷程及影響因素、風險投資資金來源與風險投資機構的組織形態、風險投資機構的決策過程、風險投資機構與創業企業的契約關系、風險投資的退出途徑等問題展開了具體分析。並且以風險投資對象企業? ?高科技創業企業的治理結構為實例，剖析了以知識經濟為背景的企業權力轉移論，對有關假說進行了經濟學理論與經濟現實相結合的批判。
  10. From the process for reaching and operating transaction, this study tries to analyze the principle of common selection among the pertaining transaction parties, the function of this principle on transaction, and make of transaction “ relation ” and “ net ”. there are three major issues on common selection, 1 ) the common selection between the pertaining parties ( buyer and seller ), the target is to sign the contract ; 2 ) internal adjustment of the participants, such as team organizing, internal structural adjustment, meeting the requirement of market competition and marketing strategy, etc. ; 3 ) common selection among the congeneric competitors, like competition coordination system, custom or regulation,

    交易中的共同選擇包括三個主要方面，即1 ）有關交易當事人（如賣方與買方）為實現交易，確定契約條件並簽立契約的共同選擇，以契約形成為標志; 2 ）各交易當事人為實現交易進行的相關選擇，如交易當事人團隊內部組織、內部結構調整、對市場環境的適應和市場策略的制定等;以及3 ）同類交易當事人的共同選擇，如維持競爭秩序的同業慣例、建立保證質量並降低交易費用的基本標準系統等，是對外界環境的影響與調整。
  11. Surveying the theories and practice all over the world, the countries such as german insist on contract responsibility according to providing contract by silent information and protecting the third party. however, america and england tend to infringement responsibility, because they think there is n ' t strict contract relations between accounting and the third party, and cpa against the liability stipulated in advance. the third party can be devided to the direct third party, the predicted third party and the third party which can be predicted reasonably

    縱觀世界各國學說與實踐，德國等大陸法系國家一般主張為契約責任，這主要是以默示的信息提供契約，具保護第三人效力的契約，契約締結上的過失等理由為依據；而英美法系國家，判例和學說趨向降旗認定為一種侵權責任，因為會計師與第三人之間並無嚴格意義上的契約關系，雖然對注冊會計師而言，第三人具有合理的可被預見性，但第三人畢竟是不確定的多數人，因而會計師違反的是法律事先規定的義務，侵犯的是一般公民的權利，是絕對權，只能依侵權行為的責任構成追究責任。
  12. This agency issue of investor and venture capitalist can be effective to guard against the morals hazard of venture capitalist by limited partnership system ; venture capitalist can guard against the morals hazard of entrepreneur through contract ， which is optimal capital - structure contract in financing decision ， is combining to equity fraction ， stock design and staging finance ， in order to make enterprise financing cost minimum ， profit maximum ， it is minimum that informational asymmetries " level fall to

    在投資者與風險資本家這一級委託代理關系中，有限合夥制可以有效防範風險資本家的道德風險；風險資本家可以通過與風險企業訂立契約來防範第二級代理問題? ?企業家的道德風險，即在融資決策中尋求最優的資本結構契約，在這種契約中結合股權比例，證券組合，分階段投資等方法，以使企業融資成本最低、收益最大，信息不對稱程度降到最小。
  13. It sets up the theoretical model of logistics outsourcing contract mechanism on the basis of summing up all kinds of logistics outsourcing mechanism species, analyzes the decision mechanism of logistics outsourcing contract structure, holds that different game structure should adopt different contract mechanism, and points out the contract decision terms and contract mechanism species

    在總結物流外包契約機制類型的基礎上，運用博弈雙方信息是否對稱以及博弈方橫向之間是否存在競爭性關聯等兩個維度，構建了物流外包契約機制體系的理論模型，分析了不同物流外包博弈結構契約機制的決策機理，並指出了相應的契約決策條款及契約機制類別。
  14. Three mistakes people could make in the construction on credibility : 1 ) some may mistakenly argue that morality could be improved in line with economic growth, but economic logic do not work for morality ; 2 ) some may advocate to re - implement traditional moral standards, including the altruism, to regulate corporate and / or personal actions in market economy ; 3 ) some may think that china ' s socialist market economy is nothing different from market economy adopted by western countries except for the name. suggestions on the construction of credibility in socialist market economy : 1 ) establish a new culture that is helpful for the development of socialist market economy. 2 ) update moral standards, transferring from altruism to egoism on condition that the behavior does not hurt others " interest

    建議從以下途徑出發建設社會主義市場經濟下的誠信體系: 1 、文化轉型，從傳統的、保守的農業文明轉向體現理性精神、契約精神、人本精神的現代工業文明，建設有中國特色的市場經濟文化; 2 、道德重建，應從傳統的無私利他、利己主義轉向已他兩利主義，使道德走向現實; 3 、制度的創新與完善，抓緊立法，嚴格執法，加強政府監管，樹立法律權威和政府權威，同時要建立和完善中介機構的管理制度、行業管理制度和企業自身的誠信管理制度; 4 、培育公民的誠信意識，政府應帶頭誠實守信; 5 、要注意培養企業家品格，塑造傳統與現代相結合的儒商精神。
  15. Aiming at the problems in the process of virtual operating, the dissertation provides chengdu c company a systemic and comprehensive tactics, and the concrete methods in terms of establishing the information platform, reconstructing the organization structure, renewing the operation notion, establishing the advantage capability, identifying the market opportunities, selecting the partners, choosing the virtual operating mode, concluding the agreement, virtual operation, allocating the profit, achievement evaluation

    本文針對作為中小企業的成都c公司在開展虛擬經營合作的過程中出現的問題，提出了系統全面的虛擬經營的合作策略。對成都c公司構建信息平臺、組織結構變革、更新經營理念、確立優勢能力、市場機遇識別、選擇合作夥伴、選擇虛擬經營方式、訂立合作契約、實施虛擬運作、利益分配和績效評估的全過程的虛擬經營的合作策略，提出具體的方法。
  16. Secondly, making a comparative analyzing of between market economic institution and planning economic institution, and considering the incentive mechanism of the former is more suitable for enterprise institution innovation system. thirdly, from the social development of point of view, considering the economic institution, etc, is the influence elements of enterprise institution innovation system ; from the enterprise development of point of view, considering the structure of property right, etc, is the influence elements of enterprise institution innovation system

    （ 3 ）從社會發展的角度分析認為，經濟體制、外生技術進步、市場變化和價值觀念更新是促使企業制度結構變化的主要影響因素，使企業制度創新體系表現出局部創新與整體創新並存的特徵；從企業發展的角度分析認為，產權結構、財產責任、經營能力和組織契約穩定性是促使企業制度形態更替的主要影響因素，使企業制度創新體系表現出間斷創新和連續創新並存的特徵。
  17. On the basis of firm theory, we argue that strategic alliance is a kind of contractual arrangements with certain structure. taking intermediate goods as basic elements of a firm, we argue that the objects both sides of strategic alliance exchange are intermediate goods. then we discuss deeply connotation, dimensions such as economies of complementarity, economies of specialization, transaction scope and so on, which provides the basis of our arguing the relationship between intermediate goods and contractual arrangements

    我們以企業理論為理論基礎，認為戰略聯盟是一種契約安排，從而具有一定的結構;以中間產品為切入點，認為聯盟雙方真正交易的對象是中間產品;我們對中間產品的內涵以及中間產品的專業化經濟和互補經濟、中間產品的交易范圍等維度進行了深入討論，為我們論證中間產品與契約安排的關系奠定了基礎。
  18. By drawing essence from limited partnership contract, we can reconstruct and improve incorporated company contract in china ; the fourth, when compared with debt contract or common stock contract, convertible preferred stock contract is the best choice for our investing stage contract, because it is better to alleviate asymmetric information and lower agency cost effectively in the process of venture capital investment. but it is very possible that common stock contract would still be used widely in a certain long time because convertible preferred stock contract suffers law restriction and many other limitations in china ; the fifth, staged investment, combinative investment and united investment are recommended strongly in this paper

    但由於可轉換優先股契約在我國受到諸多限制，普通股契約在一定時期內仍將居於主導地位；第五，分段投資、組合投資、聯合投資（投資辛迪加）可較好地適應風險投資過程中的不確定性、有效降低投資風險，應積極借鑒；第六，人力資本不確定性的存在是可轉換優先股、分段投資在契約條款中頻頻出現的內在原因；第七，信譽機制在風險投資過程中具有自動履約功能；第八，促進投資主體與產權結構多元化、轉換政府職能、完善法律法規、培育經理市場、健全社會信用體系、充分發揮信譽的自動履約功能是保障我國風險投資契約順利履行的關鍵。
  19. First, it analyses the human capital characteristics of managers, and establishes the assessment invest system for the managers " human capital value, selecting indexes from three aspects, i. e. it describes the ways of assessment ; it probes into managers " human nature characteristics and proposes a new human nature hypothesis for managers, i. e. " economy human - self - realization human " hypothesis. introducing the information of human capital value of managers and output in reward contract designing, it expands the normal principle - agent model and comes to some useful conclusions. it analyses the relation of spirituality incentive and self - fulfillment ; because in realism the game of owners and managers is multi - phases and managers take on many tasks, introducing comparative performance information and comparativ e human capital value information, it expands static single - task principle - agent model to dynamic multi - tasks model

    分析了經營者人力資本特性，並從三個方面即顯質評價、潛質評價、情景模擬測試選取指標，建立了經營者人力資本價值評價指標體系，並對評價方法進行了描述；探討了經營者的人性特點，提出了針對經營者階層的新的人性假設，即「經濟人? ?自我實現人」假設，在報酬契約設計中引入經營者人力資本價值信息與產出信息，拓展了標準的委託? ?代理模型，得出了一些有益的結論，並進一步分析了精神性激勵與經營者自我實現的關系；由於現實中所有者和經營者的博弈往往是多階段，且經營者擔負著多項任務，因此，本文引入相對業績比較信息和相對人力資本價值比較信息，將靜態的單任務委託? ?代理模型拓展到動態多任務的情況，考慮了經營者生產性努力和自身人力資本投資努力這兩種努力成本之間的相互作用，研究了企業所有者對經營者這兩種努力的激勵問題，得出了一些有益的結論；對比美國經營者報酬結構分析現階段我國經營者報酬結構存在的問題，提出了我國企業經營者報酬結構改革的對策建議。
  20. The obligations before contract begins from negotiation and completes with the effectiveness of the contract. on the reconstruction of the obligations after contract, the writer pointed out that the obligations after contract was based on the good faith principle, and it was also a kind of legal contract obligations. its precondition was effective contract the obligations after contract begins from the completion of the valued contract connected tightly to the right and obligations that have been completed on the contract, occurring between the specific party

    在後契約義務的重構中，筆者提出后契約義務的法理依據是誠實信用原則；是一種法定的後置契約義務；其成立的前提條件為有效成立的契約；后契約義務始於有效的契約已終止，權利義務關系結束后；后契約義務須與業已消滅的契約上權利義務有密切聯系；后契約義務是發生在特定當事人之間的義務；后契約責任是一種獨立的契約責任。
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