純競爭 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [chúnjìngzhēng]
純競爭
英文
pure competition-
Some problems occurred in the compensation management of cadi and the causes are discussed. according to the current situation of the human resource of cadi, the characteristics of engineers working in the cadi and the characteristics of the aircraft design, the distribution schemes focusing on job positions and performance are given, of which a linear programming model is built to resolve the performance compensation at the aim of max - motivation in order to form a suitable model of compensation management and to achieve " double - win " between the employee and the employer
針對611所人力資源狀況、工程技術人員特點及飛機設計專業工程工作特點，提出以崗位為核心的崗位薪點設計方案和以個人業績為核心的績效分配設計方案，建立了以激勵強度最大化為目標的線性規劃數模，用單純形法求解績效獎酬，以形成一種激勵強度大、內部公平合理、對外具有競爭力的薪酬管理模式，即實現員工與組織在此問題上的「雙贏」 。They establish gradually the status of market subject in the course of joining international division of labor and competition with other countries for world market subject. for export performance of enterprise, evaluation only by the earn foreign exchange through exports is contretemps, which need to review by the angle of modern enterprise. so, how to evaluate export performance and establish export performance evaluation system become important
傳統外貿企業的發展，也從改革開放前的壟斷經營到目前與外資企業、民營企業三分天下的格局，各自都逐漸確立了其在參與國際分工和國際貿易競爭中的微觀主體地位。對企業的出口績效，以前那種單純的以出口創匯為指標來評價的方法顯然已經不合時宜，需要從現代企業市場主體的角度來重新加以審視。And our maize lack competition in domestic market because of the disaccord between the maize product area and consumption area
我國的玉米產區與消費區不一致，致使玉米在國內也缺乏競爭力。我國絕大多數玉米產區為農民人均純收入較低的地區。The trust was simply an extralegal arrangement by which competing manufacturers pooled properties to achieve monopoly.
托拉斯單純是一種超法律的安排，通過它，互相競爭的製造家實行聯營，以便壟斷。But in the real world, a broad intermediate zone exists between the pure hierarchy organization and the pure perfect competitive market organization. in the zone, there are lots of kinds of organization forms which economics, particularly the new institutional economics, call " intermediate organization "
而在現實經濟世界里，在純粹的層級組織和純粹的完全競爭市場組織之間，存在一個寬廣的中間地帶，處于這個地帶上有著多種類型的經濟組織，經濟學理論，特別是新制度經濟學理論把它稱之為「中間性組織」 。In pure competition, as expounded by the late-nineteenth-century economist marshall, entry and exit determine the long-run equilibrium of an industry.
在純粹競爭條件下，正象十九世紀後期的經濟學家馬歇爾揭示的那樣，加入和離開決定某一工業部門的長期平衡。When a pure line variety is grown at close spacing there is a competition effect.
當一個純系品種在密的植距下生長時有一種競爭效應。Improve the management level of coscon, meet the increasing demands in the capital market ; enhance the professional business ability, strengthen and develop the global container shipping network ; implement active sales policy ; solidify, penetrate and extend effective market ; equally develop fleet management and managing fleet, route extension and reduction ; build effective customer service system, win the market by “ high quality ” service ; bring the advantage of alliance cooperation into full play, improve the profit - making ability ; strengthen the use of information system, boost “ digital ” development ; implement the strategy of “ talent for strong business ”, train responsible company and responsible staff ; establish a complete financial and accounting system of capital operation to improve the level of financial management ; optimize the domestic and overseas management pattern, form a resultant force of the global container shipping network ; expand the scale of shipping capacity, enhance the company ' s competitive edge ; finish the transformation from sheer production operation to the double operations of capital and production, maintain the sound and stable development of business
提高公司管治水平，滿足不斷提升的資本市場要求；增強專業化經營能力，鞏固發展全球集裝箱網路化運輸；實行積極營銷政策，鞏固、滲透和拓展有效市場；實現船隊經營與經營船隊並舉及航線擴張與退出並舉；構築有效的客戶服務體系，以「高品質」服務贏得市場；發揮聯盟合作優勢，提高盈利能力；堅持強化運用信息系統，催生「數字化」 ；實施「人才強業」戰略，打造責任公司、責任員工；建立完善資本經營財會體系，提高財務管理水平；完善海內外管理模式，形成全球集裝箱運輸營銷網路的合力；擴大公司運力規模、增強公司競爭實力；完成由單純的生產經營向資本經營和生產經營並舉的轉變，實現公司業務的健康、穩健發展。According to non - excludability and non - rivalness, we can divide public goods into pure public goods, club goods, and common - pool resources
根據公共物品非競爭性和非排他性的特徵，可以將公共物品分為：純公共物品、俱樂部產品、共同資源。After that, many kinds of training theories have come into being and been used in practice successively. especially in this knowledge - based economy, more and more enterprises realize that the human resource is the most important weapon in this high developed and completive world
特別是隨著知識經濟的到來，培訓作為開發與發展人力資源的基本手段，已突破其原本的純教育意義，成為現代企業管理的重要方式和手段，以及企業競爭力的重要組成部分。Since 90 ages, great changes have taken place in the market economy of the world. the age of simplex competition has already become past, taken place by the coopetition age that based on the cooperation
90年代以來，全球市場經濟的格局發生了巨大的變化，以往那種單打獨斗，非贏即輸的單純競爭時代已經成為過去，取而代之的將是以合作為基礎的合作競爭時代。Instead of churning out the usual mix of shooting, racingandsports games, computer games companies are increasinglyproducingnon - competitive and occasionally charmingly pointlessvideo gameexperiences. they include nintendogs, where the tive is to raise acyber - puppy ; electroplankton, where the goal is to encourage fishto make music ; and trauma centre : under the knife, where playerscarry out virtualoperations
與單純的射擊賽跑和體育類型的游戲相比，目前的電腦游戲公司越來越注重開發一些非競爭性的有時甚至是「愉悅而無意義」的電子游戲，包括電子寵物電子植物以及外科手術中心可進行視頻手術游戲等。They include nintendogs, where the objective is to raise a cyber - puppy ; electroplankton, where the goal is to encourage fish to make music ; and trauma centre : under the knife, where players carry out virtual operations. shigeru miyamoto, the head of nintendo ' s entertainment division, said brain training would reach those who previously assumed computer games were not for them
與單純的射擊賽跑和體育類型的游戲相比，目前的電腦游戲公司越來越注重開發一些非競爭性的有時甚至是「愉悅而無意義」的電子游戲，包括電子寵物電子植物以及外科手術中心可進行視頻手術游戲等。This dissertation analyzes some fundamental concepts in the theory of public goods. based on the characters of non - rivalrousness and non - excludability, the dissertation draws a fundamental arrangement. pure public goods and private goods respectively lie in the beginning and the end of the arrangement
本文針對公共物品理論中的一些基本概念進行了深入的分析與探討，以公共物品的非排他性和非競爭性特徵為基本出發點，勾畫出物品的一個基本序列，將純公共物品和私人物品列于序列的兩極，而絕大多數物品則位於這兩個極端之間的某一點。After research it over ten years, from no brand to have much brand, from only use much advertisement to use brand management system. lots of enterprises realize that implementing brand difference stratagem is a short cut to obtain competition predominance. but it ' s difficult to establish, such as how to difference brand - position, how to abstract brand core - value, how to use
經過十多年的摸索，從沒有品牌意識到有品牌意識，從單純使用廣告狂轟濫炸來建立品牌到採用系統的品牌管理，現在很多企業開始意識到發展品牌差異化戰略是獲得品牌競爭優勢的捷徑，但究竟怎樣才能建立品牌的差異化，包括如何進行差異化定位、如何提煉品牌核心價值、如何建立品牌識別體系和如何實施品牌差異化等等，卻是擺在他們面前的一道難題。Demonstration and replication effects are refer to the local foreign - funded enterprises which have more than advanced technology and products for local enterprises have a role model ; competitive effects are the increasing pressure that the original foreign bringing to. the situation is that domestic rivals have to raise their technological level ; contact effect refers the direct interaction between enterprises outside purely market transactions, including forward linkages and backward linkages ; effect refers to the movement of foreign - funded training skilled workers 、 managers entering in host country, or foreign - funded staff in the host country having a certain level of technology after the " switch " to domestic enterprises
示範和模仿效應指由於外資企業有比當地企業更為先進的技術和產品，從而對當地企業產生了示範作用;競爭效應指外資企業打破了市場原有的均衡，增加競爭壓力，迫使國內競爭對手提高技術水平，使國內企業在競爭中壯大，並引起當地企業的模仿;聯系效應指的是純粹的市場交易以外的企業間相互影響的直接關系，它包括向前聯系和向後聯系;人員的流動效應指的是外資企業培訓的技術工人、管理人員進入東道國國內;或東道國內的外資企業工作人員在掌握了一定的技術水平后經過「跳槽」后為國內企業服務。Operating super small scale of citrus, single peasant household can not guarantee the quantity, and can not lower production costs effectively. the regimentation degree of the peasant household is very lowly, which is obviously disadvantageous to the peasant. there is antagonistic contradiction between " small production " and " big market "
對影響我國柑橘產品的直接原因做一個歸納，可以發現我國柑橘對內走的是以增加投入為主的數量擴張型發展道路，對外是單純的低價格競爭，並且這種低價格的競爭並不完全是建立在我國柑橘的低成本上的，而是帶有很大程度無序性的競爭。Chapter two, sometimes is the common topic to civil law scholars, but the studying products fall short of depth and width, so this chapter is governed by the historic overview and comparative method, under the base of examining the development and vicissitude of roman trust notion, probing into why the civil law did n ' t develop and shape the institution of trusts like anglo - saxon jurisdictions, meantime collecting and analyzing the various experiences and lessons from a number of civil law countries, not only including mixed - system jurisdictions ( scotland, quebec ) influenced by common law tradition far - reachingly, but also including the various effects of the trust law codified by pure civil law countries ( liechtenstein, japan, latin american countries ), and the developments of domestic trust in holland and italy under the rectification of the trust hague convention, ad hoc, including the experiences and lessons of non - recognition trust countries ( germany, france, switzerland ) that they had been penetrating into the notions in civil codes, all is intended to " portrayed " the competitive panorama between civil
第二章「信託觀念與民法傳統的沖突和融合」 ：這一主題一直是民法學者探討的核心問題，本部分採取了歷史考察的方法和比較分析的方法，在考察羅馬法中的信託觀念的發展和變遷的基礎上，探討了為什麼民法傳統沒有發展出如普通法系一樣的信託的若干原因，同時一廣泛地涉獵了民法法系各國繼受和發展信託觀念的不同的經驗和教訓，不僅包括深受普通法系影響的混合法系（蘇格蘭和魁北克）在民法傳統的物權法匡架中發展信託的獨特經驗，而且考察了純粹民法傳統的國家（列支敦斯登、日本和拉丁美洲國家以法典繼受信託的不同的效果，以及在1984年《關于信託的法律適用和承認的公約卜v發展國內信託例證?一荷蘭和義大利，更包括了對于沒有接受普通法系信託而在民法典中挖掘信託觀念的德國、法國和瑞十的經驗和問題，並意圖勾畫民法傳統中的信託與普通法系的信託相競爭的全景，介刑」析眾多經驗和教訓i的基礎上為我國《信託法》的發展提供借鑒。Facing fierce market competition, in order to further enhance core competitiveness, the chinese postal savings bank which will be established in the coming days must firmly establish the strategic position of personal banking and develop the personal banking business. vast domestic personal financial markets can bring opportunities for the postal savings bank, but also bring development challenges. only after implementing the " customer - centred, market - oriented " business ideas, and continuously enhancing and improving product, marketing, services and other aspects, strengthening the quality of customer service, enhancing customer satisfaction, loyalty and contribution, can personal banking survive in a competitive market and achieve sustainable development
要將經營思路從「偏重儲蓄發展」轉變為「以儲蓄為基礎，積極發展匯兌、代理保險及各項中間業務」 ;將發展重點從「單純擴大余額，獲取利差收入為主」轉變為「大力發展以活期儲蓄帳戶為基礎、以卡為載體的各種中間業務，降低付息成本，多渠道增加業務收入」 ;將競爭方式從「全體動員」為主要形式轉變為「依靠科技進步和提升整體競爭能力」為主。Our previous work has also shown that there is a cam - binding site within maize cytoplasmic hsp70 and that hsp70 binds cam in a ca2 + - dependent manner ( sun et al, 2000 ). the high conservation of cam - binding suquence implies that the binding of cam to hsp70 might have an important biological function
先前我們在玉米中，通過體外結合和競爭抑制實驗證明了熱激蛋白家族中最重要的成員之一純化的細胞質hsp70能與cam結合，並且證明了玉米細胞質hsp70中存在一個非常保守的21個氨基酸組成的cam結合序列。分享友人