緊縮消費 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jǐnsuōxiāobì]
緊縮消費 英文
austerity in consumption
  • 緊 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （物體受到幾方面的拉力或壓力以後呈現的緊張狀態） taut; tight 2 （物體受外力作用變得固定...
  • 縮 : 縮構詞成分。
  • 消 : 動詞1 （消失） disappear; vanish 2 （使消失; 消除） eliminate; dispel; remove 3 （度過; 消遣） pa...
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 緊縮 : reduce; retrench; tighten; cut down; striction; retrenchment; condensation
  • 消費 : consume; consumption消費城市 consumer city; 消費貸款 consumer loans; consumption credit; 消費方式...
  1. Most economists have accepted the fact that china has entered a new period of deflation since the rpi ( retail price index ) droped in october 1 997 and cpi ( consummer price index ) droped in april 1998

    1997年10月開始我國零售商品物價持續下降， 1998年4月開始我國居民消費價格持續下降，同時其他相關指數也開始下降，經濟學界對此已統一認定我國進入了通貨緊縮期。
  2. Evidence that the embattled us consumer is starting to pull back on spending mounted yesterday after new data revealed that retail sales fell last month

    繼新的數據顯示上月的零售額下降后，昨天又有更多的證據表明嚴以待陣的美國消費者開始緊縮開支。
  3. Some new issues after the active financal policies were implemented were the key fators, the paper point ed. the summary of some famous debt theories on chapter 3 was arranged as the process of the debate of ricardian equivalence theorem, capital performance of national debt policy, risident consume effect of national debt policy and the performance researches of national debt in china

    第3章對通貨緊縮時期擴一張性國債政策理論及其演進分析，主要從對李嘉圖等價定理的爭論、國債資產效應、國債居民消費效應、國內對國債經濟效應的研究等幾個方面回顧了國債經濟效應理論的研究歷程。
  4. A persistent decrease in the level of consumer prices or a persistent increase in the purchasing power of money because of a reduction in available currency and credit

    通貨緊縮由於可獲得貨幣和信貸的減少，導致消費品價格水平的持續下降或貨幣購買力的持續提高
  5. Government and economists have come to an agreement on expanding native demand. we should say that the result of these positive monetary and fiscal policy which has been adopted by our country government since 1998 is effective, and the market has recovered a little, but this does not mean the market is completely recovered from deflation, in fact, the overcast condition in market is not basically turn round and deflation still exists

    誠然，自1998年以來我國政府為擴大內需、啟動消費採取了一系列積極的貨幣政策和財政政策（三年期間七次下調銀行利率，發行3600億元國債等） ，應該說效果是明顯的，市場有所復甦，但這並不意味著市場被完全激活，事實上，市場低迷的狀況並未根本扭轉，通貨緊縮的趨勢仍然存在。
  6. Judging by cpi ( consumer price index ), china has been attacked twice since 1998

    從居民消費價格指數上判斷， 1998年以來我國兩次陷入了通貨緊縮。
  7. With cpi at such a high level, we expect more stringent policies to be introduced over the coming months to bring inflation down ahead of the national peoples congress meeting in march

    消費者價格指數居高不下，我們預計以後的幾個月里政府會採取更多緊縮貨幣的政策，務求在3月份全國人民代表大會召開之前降低通貨膨脹。
  8. Once caricatured as “ helicopter ben ” for suggesting that cash scattered from the sky would cure deflation, the federal reserve ' s chairman is now widely accepted as a champion of low inflation

    這位曾因暗示美聯儲將用一切手段遏制通貨緊縮，甚至可以「大量印製鈔票並用直升機散發」來鼓勵消費而被譏諷為「直升機阿本」的美聯儲主席，如今卻作為「低通貨膨脹率的捍衛者」被大眾認可。
  9. Robust economic momentum ? despite repeated monetary and fiscal tightening, china ' s economy is on a strong growth track ? no signs of a slowdown in investment, and consumption and exports are picking up speed

    強勁的經濟增長勢頭- - - -盡管一再實施緊縮的貨幣及財政政策，中國經濟仍然呈現強勁的增長勢頭- -投資領域沒有一絲減速跡象，消費及出口更是加快了速度。
  10. Retail sales grew 12 per cent in the three quarters year - on - year, but consumer prices only went up by 2. 1 per cent compared with a year earlier, pointing to china ' s incipient deflation

    零售市場在過去的三個季度裏面增長了12 % ，但是消費者物價僅僅增加了2 . 1 % ，顯示出了中國開始的通貨緊縮。
  11. Here for a long time, because of the restriction of the income increases and the anticipation unstable, the family educational expenditure increase will produce the crowding out effectiveness and substitute effectiveness, which play a tightenning role in present consumption, thus not benefit the economic growth

    在長期內，由於收入增長的限制和預期不穩定，家庭教育支出增長會產生擠出效應和替代效應，對即期消費起了緊縮作用，從而不利於經濟增長。
  12. At that right time, according to the mono - element theory, the situation of deflation was very serve. the reason lay in asian financial crisis, global deflation, excess of productivity and a low present consume

    根據「單要素論」 ，我國當時出現了嚴重的通貨緊縮，其原因在於：亞洲金融危機、全球通貨緊縮、生產力過剩以及即期消費低。
  13. The overcapitalization in the banking industry of our country has the following four reasons : low consumption and high savings ; capital market depression ; pressure from renminbi appreciation ; loans contraction under macro adjustment

    摘要我國銀行業資金過剩主要有以下四種原因：低消費高儲蓄；資本市場低迷不振；人民幣升值壓力；宏觀調控下的貸款緊縮。
  14. Buffered by robust consumption and expansionary fiscal measures, china is optimistic to bring a soft landing to the overheated domestic economy via the new mix of tightening measures

    鑒于消費市場發展穩健及擴張性財政措施可起緩沖作用，中國對于採取新一輪緊縮措施促使過熱的內部經濟軟著陸表示樂觀。
  15. The main methods : to carry out the active and applicable financial and monetary policies continuously ; to adjust the industrial structure ; to employ domestic investment ; to quicken the towns " construction ; to perfect the social security system ; to put in use the countryside market and to make use of consumptive loan ; and industrialize the education

    第四部分對策和建議。治理通貨緊縮的根本途徑是不斷深入進行經濟體制改革，努力擴大有效需求。主要採取：繼續推行積極而適度的財政和貨幣政策；產業結構調整：啟動民間投資；加快小城鎮建設；完善社會保障體系；啟動農村市場；推行消費信貸；教育產業化的措施。
  16. The thesis adopts the vector error correct model and makes the price equation referring to corbo and mcnelis ' s half - open economy model, choosing the relevant variables like money supply, loaning rate, etc. the conclusion put forward by this thesis is : exchange rate and price - level have long - term reverse alteration tendency, so the policy of not devaluing exchange rate ( the nominal effective exchange rate appreciating ) is really one of factors influencing price falling

    然後參照corbo和mcnelis的半開放經濟模型設定了價格方程，選取相關變量如貨幣供給量、貸款利率等進入模型。通過研究人民幣名義有效匯率與定基比消費物價指數之間的協整關系，發現匯率與物價水平存在著長期的均衡關系，進而研究了匯率因素在通貨緊縮形成的過程中起到的作用。
  17. A credit squeeze will aggravate the housing bust and falling house prices could drag spending down further

    信貸緊縮會加劇房市蕭條，房價下跌則可能進一步拖垮消費。
  18. According to it, the following facts, which are difficult to explain in line with what is in the economics textbook, are consistently analyzed and interpreted continual falling of the consumption propensity of residents in china since 1990s ; the reason the value of m2 / gdp is much higher in china than other countries in the world at the corresponding period ; the causes of deflation in china ; the reason the macroeconomic policies, especially monetary policy, fail to work ; the reason the growth both output and price level comes into being instead of stagnation when the price of oil rises ; the reason the two objectives of monetary policy failed to accomplish simultaneously ; the stability of macro - economy in the case of controlled interest rate and exchange rate at the end of this thesis, some suggestions are put forward to accomplish the continually rapid growth for chinese economy, starting the rising of consumption with fiscal policy, ensuring the stable operation of macro - economy with monetary policy, and facilitating the adjustment of economic structure with industrial policy

    本文從轉型期中國經濟的具體實踐出發，在對微觀經濟主體居民和企業的行為特徵和經濟運行的宏觀背景進行歸納和抽象的基礎上，結合宏觀經濟理論的最新發展，建立了一個轉型期中國宏觀經濟分析的理論框架，先後分析和解釋了? 20世紀90年代以來我國居民消費傾向的持續下降； ? 20世紀90年代以來中國的m _ 2 / gdp為何遠遠高於同期世界其它國家； ?通貨緊縮的成因； ?宏觀調控政策尤其是貨幣政策效用受阻的原因； ?為何在石油價格上漲的情況下，我國沒有出現「滯脹」 ，而是出現了物價水平和增長率的「雙增長」 ； ?貨幣政策的兩個目標無法同時實現的原因，以及?利率管制下經濟運行的穩定性等這些按照經濟學教科書難以解釋的現象。論文最後建議，以財政政策啟動消費、以貨幣政策保障宏觀經濟的平穩運行、以產業政策促進經濟結構的調整，實現我國經濟的持續快速發展。
  19. Deflation may have shorttermbenefits, particularly if it is the result ofgreater efficiencies in the economy, but if itlasts too long, or if it is the result of weakeningdemand, it can be a negative, self - perpetuatinginfluence on economic activity, discouragingconsumption, reducing revenue and wagelevels, pushing up bad debts and increasingthe rate of bankruptcy

    通貨緊縮也有可能會產生短期效益，尤其如果它是因為經濟效率提高而出現的，但是如果通貨緊縮時間延續過長，或者它是因為需求疲軟而出現的，就會對經濟活動產生長期的負面效應，抑制消費、使收益減少、工資水平降低，使環賬增多、破產速率加快。
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