縱向市場 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zōngxiàngshìchǎng]
縱向市場
英文
vertical market-
In present dissertation, most stirpses are repartitioned and redefined, and the structure characteristic, course of formation, cause of formation, function and risk of stirpses are analyzed. the main conclusions are : [ 1 ] rapid development of corporations engenders urgent demand of financing, conflict between capital market imperfection and demand of financing leads corporations to control listed corporations by purchasing " shell " and enhance it ' s financing capability ; [ 2 ] two kinds of pricing institution of stock provides stirpses for controlling listed corporations by low cost, monitoring institution imperfections provides corporations for operating listed corporations. adjust of national assets provides more " shells " ; [ 3 ] more private corporations purchase listed corporations, some of them form stirpses ; [ 4 ] stirpses have positive influence about adjusting industry and enhancing capital market financing function ; [ 5 ] stirpses magnify financial risk by controlling listed corporations, and transform listed corporations from shareholders benefit to block shareholder benefit, having tendency of infracting shareholders benefit
本文主要的結論： [ 1 ]中國企業的迅速發展對融資有迫切的要求，中國國內資本市場發展不完善與這種強烈的融資需求的沖突導致了企業尋求通過買「殼」的方式控制上市公司，以此來提高自身的融資能力； [ 2 ]中國上市公司股票的兩種定價機制為「系」低成本控制上市公司提供了可能，監管機制的不完善為「系」提供了操縱上市公司的空間，國有資產在調整過程中從部分競爭行業退出，為資本市場提供了一定數量的「殼」資源； [ 3 ]民營企業紛紛買「殼」上市，在這個過程中，部分實力突出的企業形成了「系」 ； [ 4 ] 「系」現象對進行行業整合、提高資本市場融資能力等方面起到了積極的作用； [ 5 ] 「系」通過對上市公司進行的操縱放大了金融風險，將上市公司的股東利益最大化變為大股東利益最大化，存在著侵害小股東利益的潛在傾向。The revolution of modern management which is due to the start of information technique is on the way, among them, “ business focus stratege ” and “ business outsourcing ” are two obvious trends. these bring a kind of new mode for the enterprise management, namely more and more enterprises are around a certain entity and come into being limitless networks, and each enterprise manage a business at the special realm of oneself. they neither belong to each other nor give order each other, but obeying certain and common rules, all enterprises join up to creat value for the ultima customers. such business mode is neither a pure market behavior, nor a vertical integration, but is a middle organization between market and enterprise, which we name hyperenterprise
這給企業經營管理帶來一種新的模式，即越來越多的企業圍繞著某一個實體逐漸形成一個無邊的網路，在這個網路中，每一個企業在自己特殊的領域開展生產經營活動，他們互不隸屬也互不發號施令，但是卻自覺地遵循某種共同的規則，因而所有這些企業又無形地聯合起來為最終用戶創造著價值。這樣的企業運作模式既不是無組織的單純市場行為，也不是以往的縱向一體化，而是一種介於市場與企業之間的中間組織，我們把它稱為「超企業」 。Hart, o. and holmstrom, b., 1987, " theory of contracts " in advances in economic theory, fifth word congress, t. f. bewley ( ed. ), cambridge uni. press
奧利弗?威廉姆森， 1971 ： 《生產的縱向一體化：市場失靈的考察》 ， 《企業制度與市場組織》第9頁，上海三聯書店，上海人民出版社1996年版。The paper analyzes comparatively interior transaction cost of integrated model with analysis structure of r. h. coase and market transaction cost of market model according to bargain proceeding ; analyzing economy of scales for electricity industry on the terms of its definition coming up with an improved " survival of the fittest " method to find optimum economic scale and explaining " separation of power plant from electric network " with the view of vertical economy ; studying selection and realization for valid competition of electricity industry with theory of contestable market, while setting up a oligarch monopoly competition model for the electricity market based on tax control of government with the thought of dynamic game theory of
應用科斯的交易成本分析框架對一體化管理模式下的內部交易成本進行分析，按照契約過程對市場化模式下的市場交易成本進行分析，並作了相應比較；按照規模經濟的定義對電力產業的規模經濟性進行了分析，提出改進的"適者生存法"來確定電力產業的最優經濟規模，並運用縱向經濟的觀點解釋"廠網分開" ；應用可競爭性理論研究了電力產業的有效競爭方式的選擇和實現，同時借鑒stackelberg模型的動態博弈思想，構建了基於政府稅收調控的電力市場寡頭壟斷競爭模型，通過對模型的分析說明了市場結構的演化和政府管制的必要性。Based on results of a lot of practical investigations, academic researches and comparisons of situations of real estate industry in changsha with that in other cities, this paper analyzes the present situations and existing problems of changsha ' s real estate industry and points out that the competition of foreign enterprises, the low degree of openness in renting system, the inefficiency in management, the conflicts of administration and practice, the lack of legal consciousness for agent serv ices, the nonstandardization of real estate management companies and the distemperedness in supervisory systems pose the outside threats ; ill managerial system, low technical level, small scales of companies, few measures for financing and marketing, poor quality and high prices of products pose the inside problems
本文在大量調查和理論研究的基礎上，分析了長沙市房地產業的現狀和問題，提出了長沙住宅市場需求量預測模型，並對2002年長沙住宅市場需求量進行預測，對長沙房地產業發展進行縱向和橫向比較，論述了外國企業進入中國房地產市場指日可待，論述了我國目前土地出讓制度不透明，政策管理手段繁雜、效率不高，規劃部門與房地產業的滯后與沖突，中介服務機構缺乏法律，物業管理公司無法可依，監控體系不健全等外部環境問題；論述了我國目前房地產企業規模偏小，管理體制乏力，技術力量薄弱，融資渠道狹窄，產品質量不高，產品規格不齊，價格偏高，以及營銷手段落後等內部環境等問題。But there are still many problems hi practice that m & a on financial statement which can only bring short - term effect are more than m & a on value which can really improve the company ' s competity. in order to solve these problems, many new strict regulations have been worked out since 2001 which result in the stepwise standardization of m & a. the content of the thesis is composed of three parts : part one : the basic theory of m & a
真正有價值的實質性重組很少，戰略重組更難企及，市場上盛行的大多是注重短期效應的報表重組，重組后企業並不能隨之真正提高贏利能力，而利用重組圈錢牟利、操縱股價的案例時有發生，這無疑會損害我國證券市場的健康發展，針對這些問題，從2001年開始，管理層加大了監管力度，資產重組逐步走向規范。Credit has always been an important factor affecting our market economy from developing intensively
信用問題一直是影響我國市場經濟向縱深發展的重要因素。In strategy implementation, the thesis proposes the practical function strategysuggestions to support the focus strategy, for instance : combine group institutional framework and cultivate the corporate culture of guangmang, strengthen cooperation with rival, promote the vertical and integrated strategic alliance, implement value chain control cost and seek the important market
在戰略實施方面，論文提出了具有可操作性的職能戰略建議，如：整合集團組織結構，培育光芒企業文化；加強與競爭對手的合作；促進縱向一體化的戰略聯盟；實施價值鏈控製成本，尋求重點市場突破來支持基於低成本的聚焦戰略實施。Drawing on the experience of other jurisdictions, she addresses a wide range of enforcement issues, including how to tackle cartels, abuses of dominance, vertical agreements, joint ventures and mergers, the need for a leniency regime and criminal sanctions, and the importance of an independent enforcement agency and the economic expertise of enforcement officials
她會參照世界各地不同司法地區的經驗，從而討論廣泛的執行問題，包括如何打擊同業聯盟濫用市場支配力量縱向協議企業合併和收購是否需要一套寬松的制度或刑事制裁方法，以及設立一個獨立的執法機構和讓執法人員熟悉經濟運作的重要性。The fourth part predicts the trend of afta on the basis of analyzing the favorable and disadvantageous factors affecting the development of afta. it will be directly deepened and widened by the mode of " ten and x ". its inner target is a big unified market, while its outward trend is to integrate with apec
第四部分，在分析了影響afta發展的有利和不利因素的基礎上，預測了afta的發展趨勢： afta以「 10 x 」的方式向縱深推進是不會改變的，其內部目標是統一大市場，外在發展趨勢是與apec的融合。A futures market could not operate without speculators. speculators are investors who purposely take risks trying to guess which direction prices will go
投機商操縱著期貨交易市場。他們是預測市場價格走向的風險投資商。There are four parts excluding the preface : part i analyzing the three stages of the institution evolution of issuing market, we can get some conclusions : first, the formation of the issuing institution be influenced by some history events, the developing direction of the issuing institution has been decided by some history conditions ; second, although the issuing market has been controlled strictly by our government, it has its own trend to be more unrestrained ; third, itffiuseful to make a foresight study on the long - term development on the issuing market. part ii introducing the abroad issuing institutions which include u. s. a, england, germany and h. k. we can know the reforming directions
本文除前言之外，共分四個部分：第一部分縱向考察了我國股票發行制度演變的三個階段，通過對三個發展時期改革探索的分析，筆者認為： （ 1 ）我國股票發行制度演變初期明顯受到具體實踐與歷史條件的影響，特定的歷史條件決定了我國股票發行市場初期的制度選擇； （ 2 ）發行市場制度演化雖然受到了政府的引導和控制，但仍表現出不可逆轉的市場化趨勢； （ 3 ）目前股票發行市場制度建設已經由初期的單一子制度探索過渡到了全面制度建設時期，這時深入的、前瞻性的研究對我國股票市場制度建設意義重大。Likewise, only if the government returns to its proper position as an outside observer and final arbitrator of disputes can the legislative policy related to esop turn itself around. above all, any resolution to the problems of china ' s esop ultimately depends on the government ' s willingness to transform itself and its current " double - identity. " through the use of a variety of analytical methods - including case analysis, semantic analyses, historical inquiry and comparative study - this dissertation discusses the relationship between government regulation policy and china ' s actual experience with the esop system
也只有當政府回到外部觀察者和糾紛的最終裁決者的位置，有關職工持股立法政策的轉型才能完成;法律面向所有實行和有意實行職工持股的企業（無論其類型如何）提供一體的保障，通過稅收等杠桿協調由職工持股而導致的收入差距，防止貧富過于懸殊，以及監管和制約內部人控制，制止內幕交易、操縱證券市場行為等目標也才可能實現。Lack of macro supporting system has hindered the full application of funds evaluations techniques and is a substantial resource for above problems. to embark on effective and efficient funds evaluation, supporting systems must be developed and put in place in advance
因此，要推動基金評價向縱深發展提高水平，必須建立和健全基金評價的市場支持體系，這也正是基金評價對基金市場、乃至資本市場起到推進作用的具體表現。Since the developing time of security market is still rather short, the data accumulation is lacked. in addition, the industry has a high level of privacy, except the season report or year report required by law, data are not made public, so the writer could not analyze them by quantitative method, thus making the article lack of vertical and horizontal comparison
由於我國證券市場發展的時間相當短，原始數據積累的很少，再加之目前基金行業私密性較強，除了法律規定的季報、年報外，數據幾乎不對外公開，也鮮有這方面的研究報告，故無法利用數量統計的分析方法進行采樣分析，使得文章在基金的縱向、橫向比較方面的研究力度不夠。Enterprise wants to expands various degrees of scale in its developmental process, mergers is one of the mainly means of enterprise development. horizontal mergers may expand its scale rapidly, advance scale effect and enlarge their market shares, succeed in scale economy ; vertical mergers may widen channels and reduce cost ; mix mergers may extend scope and depress venture
企業通過橫向兼并可以迅速擴大企業生產規模，提高企業的規模效益和市場佔有率，實現企業的規模經濟；企業通過縱向兼并可以拓寬企業的渠道，降低企業經營的成本，企業通過混合兼并可以擴大經營范圍，分散和降低企業的經營風險。In chapter three, we discuss multiple attribute and measure method of liquidity. liquidity is a multiple concept, it can be divided into market liquidity, portoflio liquidity and individual liquidity in lateral, and long - term liquidity, mid - term liquidity and short - term liquidity in longitudinal. furthermore, liquidity is relative, dynamic concept
提出流動性是一個多重的概念，將其在橫向上劃分為市場流動性、組合流動性與個股流動性三個層次，在縱向上劃分為長期流動性、中期流動性和短期流動性三種類型；並且認為流動性是一個相對的、動態的概念。The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level
文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。By referring to the experience of football winning countries overseas and analyzing the reality in china, the author concluded that the professional football competition supervision organization in china, which consists of national sports competition supervision committee, market management office of sports economy department of national sports administration, and football administration center, should implement horizontal management with key jobs respectively emphasized, and jointly carry out supervision and management on professional football competition in china, while the subordinate organizations and related personnel of the football administration center should establish a professional league tournament organization with a self - discipline function to perform its daily supervision duty on professional football competition in china
摘要通過借鑒國外足球強國經驗及結合我國國情的分析論證，認為國家體育競賽監察委員會、國家體育總局體育經濟司市場管理處和足球管理中心組成的我國職業足球競賽監管機構，應實行縱向管理，各有側重，共同完成對我國職業足球競賽的監督管理；足管中心的下屬機構和相關人員及應成立的有自律功能的職業聯賽組織，對我國職業足球競賽行使日常監管職責。The feasibility and quality of design has been validated, through life - span tests of springs and dampers, evaluation of readability and road tests of complete motorcycle of 16000km. and all these establish firmly foundation for jl125ce motorcycle stepping up to market with superexcellent quality
通過彈簧、阻尼器的壽命試驗、操控性評價和整車16000公里道路試驗，驗證了設計的可行性和設計質量，整車體現出較好的操縱性、乘騎舒適性和良好的道路適應性，為jl125ce車以優良的品質走向市場奠定了堅實的基礎。分享友人