群體生態學 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [qúntǐshēngtàixué]
群體生態學 英文
grouecology
  • 群 : Ⅰ名詞（聚在一起的人或物） crowd; group Ⅱ量詞（用於成群的人或物） group; herd; flock
  • 體 : 體構詞成分。
  • 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 （生育; 生殖） give birth to; bear 2 （出生） be born 3 （生長） grow 4 （生存; 活） live;...
  • 態 : 名詞1. （形狀; 狀態） form; condition; appearance 2. [物理學] （物質結構的狀態或階段） state 3. [語言學] （一種語法范疇） voice
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 群體 : 1. [生物學] population; colony2. [社會學] group
  • 生態學 : ecology; oecology; mesology; hexicology; bionomics; [脊椎] ethology生態學家 ecologist
  • 生態 : organism s habits; modes of life and relation to their environment; ecology生態變異 ecocline; 生...
  1. They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem

    本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。
  2. 3 the comparison of mitochondrial genomes and phylogentic relationships of amphibian there still is a lack of consensus regarding living amphibian phylogenetic relationships. the most widely accepted hypothesis, based on morphological data, supports the monophyletic origin in the late paleozoic ( 300 mya ) of the three living orders in the class amphibia and a sister - group relationship between caudata and anura ( the batrachia hypothesis ) to the exclusion of the gymnophiona

    3兩棲類動物的線粒體基因組結構比較和系統發生關系現存兩棲類的三個目的系統發生關系仍然沒有統一意見，最廣泛被接受的假說，是建立在形態學證據基礎上，支持現生的兩棲類三個目在古生代後期（ 300mya ）單系起源，並且無尾類和有尾類為姐妹群關系（蛙類假說） 。
  3. Thirdly, resorting to cooperation - competition model of biomathematics, this thesis proposes a new co - evolution model. simulation results are shown to verify its effect and practicabilitv. last, standard methods for optimizing neural netvvorks are easily trapped into local optimization, and unable to adjust the structure of neural networks, thus their application is limited to certain extent

    本文主要驗證和設計適應性操作運算元和小生境方法保持群體多樣性的能力，實驗表明兩種方法都能較好地達到目的；利用生物合作競爭模型設計協同演化來動態地改變群體規模，實驗表明該模型是有效的；人工神經網路是得到越來越廣泛應用的學習系統，但是由於學習演算法存在一定的缺陷，如易於陷入局部極值，難以調整網路的結構等，使神經網路的應用受到一定的限制。
  4. As an important part of the morph - functional research of animals, the diversity of hair micro - structure is of significance for the discovery of species adaptation and evolution. hair structural diversity provides parameters to interpret the divergent adaptation and evolution tendency in different ecocommunities. physical principles introduced probed into the interpretation of the mechanism that the hair microstructure forms and the relatedness between structure and function, animal behavior and ecology

    毛發微觀結構多樣性研究作為動物形態與功能多樣性研究的內容之一，對揭示毛的形態結構與功能多樣性在物種生存和適應中的意義，具有積極作用；同時作為生態形態學的研究內容，對解釋不同生態類群中的動物體形態結構的適應和進化趨勢以及所表現出的趨同、趨異現象也將發揮重要作用；在結構形態學研究方面，應用物理學原理解釋毛的微觀結構形成的過程以及結構與功能、行為、生態的關系也很重要。
  5. In this thesis, hordeum brevisubulatum ( trinius ) link, which is one of the fine and important forage grass species in the north of china, is researched on its growth and development, physiological ecology and population ecology

    本論文對野大麥（ hordeumbrevisubularum （ trinius ） link ）這一北方優良牧草在個體生長發育、生理生態以及種群生物學等方面進行了較全面的系統研究。
  6. First, the morphology, physiology of seed, biological traits, geographic distribution, ecological and community characteristics, karyotypes, nitrogenase activity of root nodules and chemical constituents of e. mollis were reviewed, respectively

    本文對翅果油樹的形態特徵、種子生理生化、生態學特徵、染色體數目、群落生態、生物學特性、固氮生物學以及礦物質和化學成分等方面研究進行了綜述。
  7. Lawn photosynthetic, transpiration and water consumption chatacter go through mostly four seedtime : ( 1 ) lawn physiology development - individual level phases ; ( 2 ) law ecology development - community level phases ; ( 3 ) lawn drought resistance mechanism - molecule level phases ; ( 4 ) theory application in practice - ecosystem level phases

    草坪光合、蒸騰作用及耗水生態特性研究主要經歷了四個發展階段： （ 1 ）草坪生理學發展? ?個體水平階段； （ 2 ）草坪生態學發展? ?群落水平階段； （ 3 ）草坪抗旱機理? ?分子水下階段； （ 4 ）理論應用於實踐? ?生態系統水平階段。
  8. Based on extensive field observation and population sampling in 71 populations of 20 provinces, this dissertation investigates morphology, ecology, cytology, cytogeography and its sequences of this complex. the results show that a. ageratoides polyploid complex might be originated in northeastern china, from which it migrated along three different routes

    本研究基於對我國20個省、市、自治區43個地點71個三脈紫菀復合體居群的野外觀察和採集，從形態學、生態學、細胞學、細胞地理學和分子生物學等各方面，對三脈紫菀多倍體復合體進行了綜合性研究。
  9. Of the species, . characters of ecology, reproductive biology, genetic diversity, population genetic structure, endangering mechanisms, and sampling strategy have been studied in view of conservation biology. the results may be summarized as follows : by field investigation, we found that the localities recorded for four specimens of d. versipellis and d. pleiantha had disappeared, and most of the present populations are located in protected subforests. the distributional range of d. versipellis has also been reduced greatly, evidently, the number of present populations has decreased, the resources are reduced sharply, and the species are clearly endangered

    從保育生物學的角度，對八角蓮種群生態學和生物學特性、遺傳多樣性水平和遺傳結構、瀕危機制及保育取樣策略進行了研究，結果如下：通過野外調查發現，原標本記載的一些八角蓮和六角蓮種群已難以找到，該類群目前多分佈於自然保護區外圍次生林地帶，分佈范圍明顯縮小，現存群體的規模也明顯減少，資源量貧乏，物種處于瀕危狀況。
  10. The multiple political measures and political systems of wu zetian period have all exerted a great influence on writers and literary creation ; meanwhile, the writers and literary works have paid intense attention to the political environment at that time and demonstrated the complicated but colorful interaction between politics and literature

    摘要武則天時期的多項政治措施和政治制度都對文士和文學創作產生了重大影響，特別表現在對文學隊伍的破壞與補充、新的文士群體和文學體式的出現以及文人精神狀態的變化等三個方面。
  11. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  12. The usage of reaction diffusion equations in the dynamics of biological populations mainly reflects that the ecological equations have a diffusion term

    反應擴散方程運用到生物群體動力學中主要體現在生態方程有了擴散項。
  13. Thirdly, investigating three class of grade two in junior middle school, finding out the students " companion relationship conditions of every class, and finding out their attitude to formal and informal group

    三、對初中二年級三個班的學生作了問卷調查。了解每個班學生的同伴關系情況，以及他們對正式群體和非正式群體的態度。
  14. Finally, we pointed out that the ecological law of publishing ecology should be studied from all its different layers, i. e. the individual publishing media, the publishing population, the publishing community, and the publishing ecosystem, and the focus should be placed on publishing ecosystem for the purpose of exploring some approaches to improve publishing ecosystem, to protect publishing ecological balance, and to ensure the sustainable development of the publishing industry

    提出了出版生態學應當從個體、種群、群落和生態系統的層次研究出版生態規律，而以出版生態系統為研究重點，探索優化出版生態系統、保護出版生態平衡、保證出版業可持續發展的途徑。
  15. ( 3 ) using the relative ecological theories such as niche, symbiosis and community, this thesis puts forward competitive strategies correspondingly for enterprises to realize its goal of survival, growth and long life

    （ 3 ）借鑒生態學中生態位、共生和生物群落的相關理論，提出相應的競爭策略，從而實現企業個體存活、成長和長壽的目的。
  16. Zoology subject researches biology existing condition, biology and its community with environment reciprocity process and its mutual disciplinarian ' s science, it aim is director with biosphere ( thats be nature, source with environment ) ' s coordination development

    生態學科研究生物生存條件、生物及其群體與環境相互作用的過程及其相互規律的科學，其目的是指導人與生物圈（即自然、資源與環境）的協調發展。
  17. Systematic research across multiple subjects such as biology, chemistry and physics will be carried out, in order to understand the population variation of hab species in coastal china seas, to understand the mechanism of hab damage, to elucidate the ecological and oceanographical mechanism of hab construction, thereby provide scientific foundation for efficient methods for " hab prevention, control and treatment ", and contribute to the global morden theoretical system of hab ecology and oceanography

    通過生物學、化學和物理海洋學多學科交叉綜合研究，掌握我國近海赤潮生物種群動態變化規律，了解其危害機理，闡明赤潮高發區赤潮形成的生態學、海洋學機制，為建立"預防、控制和治理赤潮"的有效方法提供科學依據，同時也為發展全球赤潮生態學和海洋學現代理論體系作出貢獻。
  18. Crested ibis ( nipponia nippori ), a kind of peculiar wading bird in east asians facing its extinction because of humanbeings " economic activities. seven crested ibises found at yong county shaanxi province in 1981 were the all wild individuals left in the world then. to protect this rare bird, scholars have carried out a great deal of researches on it in many areas. however, till now, studies is mainly confined to some areas such as ecology and morphology, little was done in the area of molecular biology. phenomina such as disable individuals increasing and adults " producing ability decreasing occurred more frequent in recent years. these badly affected the existence and development of this species. so, getting the information about crested ibis " gene and genetic diversity through studies at molecular level and setting up scientific producing and protecting projections are becoming urgent tasks

    為保護這?瀕危鳥類，我國學者對朱?展開了多方位的研究。然而迄今為止，這些研究主要限於生態學、形態學等方面，分子生物學領域則很少涉及。近年來朱?種群頻繁出現諸如殘疾幼鳥增多、成鳥繁殖力下降等問題，已嚴重影響到種群的生存與發展，因此，從分子水平對朱?進行研究，了解其基因信息和遺傳多樣性，並確定個體之間的親緣關系，從而制定科學、合理的繁殖計劃與保護對策，已成為當務之急。
  19. Preliminary studies on the ecological characters of freshwater cyanophage were carried out under both field condition and culturing system. the field investigation result showed that 6 in 19 water samples contained cyanophages lysing plectonema and the lysis phenomenon were readily observed without concentrating the water

    對淡水噬藻體的生態學進行了初步研究，包括淡水中噬藻體分佈及感染力的調查與人工混合培養條件下噬藻體裂解宿主引起微生物和藻類種群變化的研究。
  20. Through the detections and analyses, the information of the amounts, the community structures and the activities of the microorganism in the system could be abtained, so these informations can be used to build enhanced ecosystem and to strengthen the efficiency of the existed system

    通過對生物處理系統中微生物檢測和生態學研究，可以分析確定系統中功能微生物的數量，群體結構和活性，從而實現構建人工強化生態系統，提高廢水生物處理效率的目的。
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