能耗系數 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [nénghàoxìshǔ]
能耗系數
英文
coefficient of energy dissipation-
It has issued residential buildings energy design standard for heating zone hot summer and cool winter zone and hot summer and warm winter zone. for heating zone, the method of effective thermal transmittance based steady heat transfer is used for the energy consume calculation, for hot summer and cool winter zone and hot summer and warm winter zone, the method based dynamic heat transfer must be used for the energy consume calculation
對居住建築，我國已頒布了包括採暖地區、夏熱冬冷地區、夏熱冬暖地區三個節能設計標準，對北方寒冷地區，用建立在穩態傳熱基礎上的有效傳熱系數法進行能耗計算；對夏熱冬冷地區、夏熱冬暖地區，圍護結構受室外動態溫度和太陽輻射熱的綜合作用，明確應採用動態方法計算圍護結構傳熱。But there is a main question that pvdf does not be in p phase with higher piezoelectric property, but be in other phases with lower or without piezoelectric property, thus, which can not improve distinctly piezoelectric constant d33, reduce notably dielectric spoilage ( tg5 ) and raise remarkably mechanical coupling factor ( kp ) of 0 - 3 pzt / pvdf piezoelectric composite, so these will restrict its development and application. in this paper, 0 - 3 pzt / pvdf piezoelectric composite will be prepared by room pressing - solidity, high - temperature - pressing and room - pressing techniques respectively
由於這個壓電復合材料體系存在一個主要問題? pvdf在0 ? 3型pzt / pvdf壓電復合材料中通常不是以具有較強壓電性的相晶態形式呈現，多是以其它的相態存在，不能有效地提高0 ? 3型pzt / pvdf壓電復合材料的壓電常數d _ （ 33 ） 、降低介電損耗tg和增大機電耦合系數kp等壓電和介電性能，從而嚴重地制約它的發展和應用。Based on extensive investigation of construction technique history of chinese ancient buildings, the structure method, structure developing history and seismic behavior of chinese ancient timber structure buildings are analyzed in several respects of the structural system and form. through a series of experiments on constituent parts of chinese ancient timber building structure, including the tests on the corbels and brackets called dougong subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on the wooden frame using the tenon - mortise joints as connections of column and beam subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on vibration isolation effect of friction and slippage between column footing and their socle base, and a series of shaking table tests on a chinese ancient timber structure palace building mode under artificial earthquake at serving conditions, destroyed conditions and reinforced conditions, many valuable results of structures such as moment - curvature hysteretic loops of dougong structure and tenon - mortise joints under low cyckc reversed loadings, the static function, the seismic performance, energy dissipation, vibration reduction, energy - loss mechanism, nechanicalmode and failure mode were studied. aplenty of valuable parameters of the structure system were obtained, such as the natural period of structure, vibration modes, damping ratio, factor of vibration isolation, oscillate amplitude of ineitial accebration, velocity and displacement, magnitude of slippage, and the mechanism of structure failure and collapse etc. based on these research, the complete analysis of ancient timber structure under earthquake were carried out in which including mechanism analysis method, calculating mode, strength analysis of members and joints, strengthening methods for serving damaged ancient timber structure buildings were also taken into account
依照宋代《營造法式》建造了抬梁式殿堂木結構構件及結構模型，對中國古代木結構中的典型構造如：柱腳在礎石頂面平擱簡支、柱架榫卯連接、柱高不越間之廣、側腳、生起、斗拱等的構造機理及結構功能進行了量化分析和實驗研究： （一）通過木柱石礎靜摩擦試驗，測定了柱腳與石礎古鏡面間的摩擦系數及摩擦力隨上部結構荷載變化的規律； （二）通過單柱承載力試驗，測定了古建築中木柱的受力變形特徵、破壞模式、及模型材料的變形模量、極限承載力、極限變形等參量； （三）通過柱架低周反復荷載試驗，測定了柱架的抗側移剛度、柱架恢復力特性及滯回曲線、榫卯張角剛度及其變化規律、柱架及榫卯的極限承載力和極限變形、及榫卯減振參數； （四）通過斗?低周反復荷載試驗和受壓試驗，測定了古建築木構件與木構件間摩擦系數，斗?抗側移剛度，斗?恢復力特性及滯回曲線，斗?抗壓極限承載力及受力變形規律； （五）通過抬梁式殿堂間架模型振動臺試驗，測定了殿堂木構架結構自振周期，地震反應振形、阻尼特性及阻尼比；按結構分層特點對柱腳、柱頭和斗?層上的屋蓋的地震反應採用多點同步測量，對柱根滑移、榫卯變形、斗?的變形、復位、耗能減振參數等進行了定量分析。Based on developed experimental testing facility, the shading performances of southing horizontal shading devices, vertical shading devices and integrative shading devices of external windows are measured, the performance parameters including indoor temperature, air - conditioned cooling load and shading coefficient as so on. and the shading coefficient of experimental test results and calculation results based on design standard for building energy efficiency are compared, and the windows5. 2 simulation results are compared also. the measured results are consistent with the calculation results of horizontal shading devices and vertical shading devices
本文利用研製的建築遮陽性能檢測裝置，對南向水平遮陽板、垂直遮陽板和綜合遮陽板外窗的遮陽性能（包括室內溫度、空調耗冷量和遮陽系數等）進行了實驗測試，並對遮陽系數的實驗測試結果與節能設計標準的計算值以及windows5 . 2軟體的模擬結果進行了比較分析，測試結果表明水平遮陽板和垂直遮陽板外窗的遮陽系數與計算結果比較一致，相對誤差分別為2 . 5 %和4 % ，而綜合遮陽板外窗的遮陽系數與計算結果的差值比較大，相對誤差達到10 %以上。Suction gas pressure goes up as the compressor run at the lower speed in the lower burthen, and this is beneficial to lower systems energy - consume. when the system is controlled by wvf, the discharge change of the evaporator is not linear ; the electronic expansion valve is adopted to regulate the system superheat degree, and the controlled object is parameter time varying, accordingly, the time varying controller should be adopted
在負荷較小時，壓縮機採用低速運轉，吸氣壓力升高，這對系統降低能耗是有利的；變頻控制時，蒸發器製冷劑流量的變化並非線性；系統中採用電子膨脹閥進行過熱度控制，被控對象具有參數時變的特性，相應地宜採用變結構的控制器。Questions about whether the adsorbent is endurable and whether the adsorption refrigeration equipment has effect on the performance of diesel are answered with theoretical analysis and test. numerical simulation is used in optimum design of adsorbent bed of an adsorption refrigeration prototype which is driven by exhaust heat of gas electric generator
分析了吸附製冷系統是否增加內燃機能耗和吸附劑使用壽命等問題，並採用數值模擬方法，對以燃氣渦輪發電機尾氣為熱源的吸附式製冷樣機，進行了吸附床結構的優化設計。The key parts of barretter are made of irf840 field - effect transistor, the magnetic ring and high frequency choking coil which adopting negative temperature index. such components can provide barretters a wide applicable voltage 160v - 250v. low power consumption, minor temperature rise, stable functions, long life - span
鎮流器核心元件採用irf840場效應三極體，磁環及高頻扼流圈採用負溫系數，這樣的元件選擇使整流器適用電壓范圍寬160v - 250v ，功耗低，溫升小，性能十分穩定，確保其擁有很長的壽命。The theory of minimum entropy production or minimum rate of energy dissipation shows that a river is stable when it is in a relative equilibrium condition. ( 3 ) the river facies formulas of alluvial river have been developed using the theory of minimum rate of energy dissipation together with flow continuity and motion equations, suspended load transport or bed load transport equation. ( 4 ) the causes of the river patterns are explained using the theory of minimum rate of energy dissipation
（ 3 ）基於最小能耗率原理，以水流能耗率作為目標函數，以水流連續方程、水流運動方程及懸移質挾沙力公式或推移質輸沙率公式作為約束條件，通過對目標函數求條件極值，分別推導出以懸移質造床為主的顯式河相關系式和以推移質造床為主的顯式河相關系式。Static benefits are generated from peaking and valley - filling, which are further divided into capacity benefits and coal saving benefits. dynamic benefits come from its fast starting and flexible operation, including frequency regulation, synchronous condenser operation, fast coverage of steep load gradient and synchronous spinning reserve. as for the calculation of static benefits of pumped storage plant, the alternative coefficient method is normally adopted at present
目前在抽水蓄能電站的靜態效益計算中，一般採用替代系數法，即用抽水蓄能電站的裝機容量乘以容量替代系數（ 1 . 05 1 . 1 ）計算抽水蓄能電站的替代容量；用抽水蓄能電站的發電量乘以電量替代系數（ 1 . 05 ）計算替代電站的發電量，再根據循環效率的大小計算抽水蓄能電站的燃料消耗。Using the matlab tools, a computer program is compiled to solve this mathematic model, by which simulations to the thermal environment of the heated space under different heating style are carried out. the simulations results and their analysis show that for different space with the same thermal comfort index, the energy consumption of low - temperature water floor radiant heating system is less than that of convection heating system
基於上述採暖空間的熱網模型，運用matlab數學軟體編程，對低溫熱水地板輻射採暖方式和對流採暖方式下房間的熱環境進行動態分析，並對這兩種採暖方式下採暖系統的能耗進行計算機模擬計算，結果表明低溫熱水地板輻射採暖系統相對于對流採暖系統有顯著的節能性。When cooling load is less than ice - melting ability, optimal control strategy is just ice priority, optimal control saves 24 - 45 % operating cost compared with chiller - priority. when cooling load is more than ice - melting ability but still less than ice - melting ability plus half of chiller cooling ability, optimal control is to keep chiller load to half of chiller cooling ability and tune ice - melting to meet load, optimal control consumes 13 - 20 % more power but saves 9. 2 - 11 % operating cost compared with chiller - priority. when cooling load is more than ice - melting ability plus half of chiller cooling ability, optimal control is just ice - priority again, optimal control is to keep ice - melting to maximum and tune chiller to meet load, optimal control consumes 0 - 13 % more power but saves 0 - 9. 2 % operating cost compared with chiller - priority
在冷負荷大於融冰供冷最大功率時，又分兩種情況:總冷負荷小於融冰供冷最大功率加一半的單主機滿負荷時，優化控制是保持主機供冷負荷系數為0 . 5 ，通過調節融冰來改變冷負荷，此時與主機優先比較增加能耗13一20 % ，節約運行費達9 . 2一11 % ;在冷負荷大於融冰供冷最大功率加一半的單主機滿負荷時，優化控制就是融冰優先，通過蓄冰槽滿負荷運行，調節製冷主機來調節冷負荷，此時比主機優先控制僅增加能耗o一13 % ，但能節約運行費o一9 . 2 % 。To overcome the disadvantages of pseudo - compressibility algorithm, four - order artificial dissipation term is added to the right of the differential equation, and the recommended formula is offered for the choice of the artificial dissipation coefficient
為了克服人工可壓縮方法可能帶來的數值振蕩，本文在離散方程的右端顯式添加四階人工耗散項，並就人工耗散系數的選取給出了推薦公式。In the past, more emphasis has been put on the flow pattern and the division ratio of water and sediment discharge. in order to study the division characteristics, a theoretic model is proposed in this thesis, which combines the plan configuration of channels with the minimum energy dissipation rate theory
本文將河流動力地貌學中的平面形態和最小能耗率理論相聯系，研究分汊河道的分流特性，並推導理論分流模式；另一方面，通過建立二維水流數學模型，與理論分析結果進行比較。This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship of 10 seed vigor traits in 12 wheat genotypes through variance, co - variance and path coefficient analysis, to determine broad - sense heritability, and to estimate genetic advance under selection. the genotypes showed significant difference for all traits, except for percentage of normal seedling. genetic correlation between conversion efficiency of seed reserve, electrical conductivity with other traits were not significant, showed that selection for any of them might be possible without hampering any other traits. however path coefficient analysis indicated that conversion efficiency of seed reserve, seed reserve utilization ratio have strong direct effect in affecting seedling weight, and that mean germination time has significantly negatively correlated in affecting gi. moderate to high estimates of broad - sense heritability, genetic coefficient of variation and expected genetic advance were obtained for electrical conductivity, germination index, mean germination time, seed dry weigh, seedling dry weigh, seed reserve depletion ratio indicating the possibility for improving these traits
本研究利用12個普通小麥品種對10個種子活力性狀的遺傳變異和相關研究，表明除正常幼苗百分率外，其餘種子活力性狀在品種間均存在顯著的差異.種子貯藏物質轉換效率、電導率兩個性狀間及與其它性狀均無顯著的遺傳相關，因此對他們的選擇不會影響到其它性狀.通徑分析表明幼苗干重主要取決于種子貯藏物質轉換效率、種子貯藏物質利用速率;發芽指數主要由平均發芽時間決定.電導率、發芽勢、幼苗干重、種子干重、發芽指數、種子貯藏物質消耗比率6個性狀表現中到高的遺傳力、遺傳變異系數和相對遺傳進展，指明通過遺傳育種手段改良這些性狀是可能的Based on many references, a evaluating function is proposed with performance index of hall call waiting time ( hwt ), people number in a car, energy consuming. the statistic approximation algorithm for hwt is introduced, based on the analysis of elevator traffic state, the calculation of traveling distance and stop number is explained in detail in the thesis. according to the characteristics of the elevator, a group of elevator teaching signals are constructed, by which the weight coefficients are trained according to the widrow - hoff rule
本文在借鑒了大量的文獻基礎上，提出以平均等候時間、轎廂人數、能源消耗為性能指標的評價函數；詳細介紹了乘客待梯時間hwt的統計近似演算法；基於對電梯交通狀況的分析，對停層次數和運行距離這兩個重要參數的計算進行了詳盡的介紹；依據電梯運行特性參數，構造一組電梯運行教師信號，並採用神經網路的widrow - hoff學習規則訓練權系數。Tantalum lithium ( litao3 ), a novel single crystal material, developed and industrialized with the development of communication and information industries recently, owns the excellent performances such as high mechanical - electrical coupling coefficient, lower wear - resistance, excellent high - temperature stability, excellent high - frequency capability, etc. however, researches on tantalum lithium single crystal wafer around world are still lacking
鉭酸鋰是近年來隨著通訊、信息產業迅速發展而開發並產業化的新型光電子材料。它具有機電耦合系數大、低損耗、高溫穩定性、高頻性能好等優良的壓電、電光和熱電性能。Its hysteretic curve is plumper, its ductility coefficient and energy dissipation capacity have been improved remarkably. the inclined staff of the steel bar truss has a restraining faction to the development of the crack, and the phenomena is that there has more crak and larger distributing area on the shear wall, which is an important token of the improved seismic capacity. concealed steel bar truss has the faction of increasing the height of plastic hinge area, which is another important token of
研究結果表明:內藏鋼桁架高剪力墻與普通高剪力墻相比:屈服荷載和極限荷載均比顯著提高;屈服剛度明顯提高;其滯回環相對飽滿，延性系數及耗能能力顯著提高;內藏鋼桁架高剪力墻，其鋼桁架斜桿對裂縫發展有控製作用，現象是墻體上的裂縫較多、分佈域較廣，這是抗震耗能能力增強的重要表徵;內藏鋼桁架高剪力墻有增大底部塑性耗能區域的作用，這是抗震耗能能力增強的另一重要表徵;內藏鋼桁架還有顯著提高抵抗剪力墻基地剪切滑移能力的作用。The properties of cavity sandwith panel infill steel frame, such as hysteresis characteristics, stiffness, ducfility, failure models and characteristic of dissipation of energgy were gained in the test and compared with ordinary steel frame. the properties of cavity sandwith panel infill is abtained as well. 2
通過試驗得出了空腔砌塊復合墻體鋼框架在低周往復荷載作用下的p -滯回性能、剛度關系、延性系數、破壞形式及耗能性能等特性，並與相同尺寸的一榀純框架的相關特性作了對比分析。The shallower the sea is, the bigger the wave losses coefficient d is
突起帶水位越淺，消浪作用越強，透過的波能越少，即波能損耗系數d越大。It has been shown by our calculations that conductor loss is greatly reduced under velocity matching with relatively thick coplanar waveguide electrodes and thick buffer layer, but the characteristic impedance can not match with that of the external circuit at the same time, and the modulation bandwidth is confined in this case
然後，用一般的橢圓積分計算了普通共面波導型調制器的有效折射率、特徵阻抗和導體損耗系數。通過計算發現，採用厚電極和厚緩沖層結構，在實現速度匹配的情況下，可以大大減小導體損耗，但是由於阻抗不能同時滿足匹配，調制帶寬受到限制。分享友人