能量輸入速率 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [néngliángshūrùsùlǜ]
能量輸入速率 英文
rate of energy input
  • 能 : 能名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 量 : 量動1. （度量） measure 2. （估量） estimate; size up
  • 輸 : Ⅰ動詞1 （運輸; 運送） transport; convey 2 [書面語] （捐獻） contribute money; donate 3 （失敗） l...
  • 入 : Ⅰ動詞1 （進來或進去） enter 2 （參加） join; be admitted into; become a member of 3 （合乎） conf...
  • 速 : Ⅰ形容詞（迅速; 快） fast; rapid; quick; speedy Ⅱ名詞1 （速度） speed; velocity 2 （姓氏） a surna...
  • 率 : 率名詞（比值） rate; ratio; proportion
  • 能量 : 1 [物理學] energy; amount of energy 2 （能力） capabilities; capacity; 能量不滅 conservation of e...
  • 輸入 : 1 （從外部送到內部） import 2 [電學] input; entry; entering; in fan; fan in; 輸入變壓器 input tra...
  • 速率 : speed; rate; tempo
  1. It is generally impossible to obtain the analytic optimal guidance law for complex nonlinear guidance systems of homing missiles, and the open loop optimal guidance law is often obtained by numerical methods, which can not be used directly in practice. the neural networks are trained off - line using the optimal trajectory of the missile produced by the numerical open loop optimal guidance law, and then, the converged neural networks are used on - line as the feedback optimal guidance law in real - time. the research shows that different selections of the neural networks inputs, such as the system state variables or the rate of los ( line of sight ), may have great effect on the performances of the guidance systems for homing missiles. the robustness for several guidance laws is investigated by simulations, and the modular neural networks architectures are used to increase the approximating and generalizing abilities in the large state space. some useful conclusions are obtained by simulation results

    對于復雜的非線性導彈制導系統，很難求得其解析的最優制導律，只能求得開環的數字解，不能適用於具有時變不確定性的導彈制導系統.利用神經網路的學習和推廣能力，對開環的數字最優制導律進行離線的學習，作為閉環的神經最優制導律在線應用.研究分別選擇系統狀態變量和視線角速率等不同的神經網路輸入對制導系統性能的影響，以及各種制導律的魯棒性問題，並採用模塊化神經網路結構提高神經網路的學習和推廣能力，模擬結果得到一些有益的結論
  2. This thesis addresses the problem of minimizing the total transmit power subject to individual rate constraints in broadcast channel with multiple antennas at the transmitter and one antenna at each receiver

    本文解決了多輸入多輸出（ mimo ）廣播通道中滿足用戶速率要求的最小傳輸能量問題。
  3. According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

    本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。
  4. In the process of threshing, the significance of factors, which influence threshing performance, not only include some certain factors such as feed quantity, cylinder rotary speed, distance between cylinder and concave, thresher concave radian but also include some uncertain factors such as the crop ' s variety, water content and the proportion of cereal straw. for this reason, the seed - husking plant is system with a character of uncertain, multi - input - output and complex nonlinear

    脫粒裝置的工作過程極為復雜，影響脫粒性能的因素很多，除了喂入量、滾筒轉速、凹板長度與入口間隙等確定性因素外，還有作物品種、作物含水率以及穀草比等一些不確定性因素，因此脫粒裝置是一個具有不確定性、多輸入多輸出的復雜非線性系統。
  5. There are five parts are as follows : in part one, the concept of switching function is introduced first to establish the nonlinear mathematical model of the induction motor variable frequency speed adjustment system which is fed by a sine pulse width modulated ( spwm ) inverter and takes the effect of the main magnetic circuit saturation into consideration, then the low frequency oscillation of the system is simulated according to the model. next, from the view point of energy conversion of the inverter - induction system, a criterion for the low frequency oscillation is proposed to determine whether the system is in low frequency oscillation which is judged by whether the interval of the negative current component of the inverter input current is more than 1 / fc ( fc is the carrier wave frequency of the inverter ) or not

    首先引入開關函數概念，建立了正弦脈寬調制（ spwm ）逆變器供電異步電動機，考慮主磁路飽和時的變頻調速系統整體數學模型，模擬系統的低頻振蕩；其次從逆變器-異步電動機系統能量轉換角度出發，提出通過檢測逆變器輸入電流中負電流的間隔時間是否大於1 / f _ c （ f _ c為逆變器載波頻率）來判定系統是否出現低頻振蕩；最後的實驗結果驗證了系統低頻振蕩建模和判據的實用性和正確性。
  6. Based on the analysis of gas - solid multiphase catalytic reaction, the chemical reaction model is established. when the reaction is controlled by the chemical dynamic, the reaction rate is introduced by consideration of the adsorption and desorption effects. when the reaction is controlled by mass transfer, the diffusion coefficient is established which can present the flow rate increases in small reynolds domain ; for the internal diffusion, the internal diffusion coefficient is derived, and then the internal diffusion is coupled with chemical reaction to represent the phenomenon that the diffusion and the chemical reaction occur cocurrently

    本文在考慮催化轉化器載體內發生的傳熱傳質現象的基礎上，建立了催化轉化器的一維單孔道和三維多孔道傳熱傳質模型;在分析載體內以氣-固多相催化反應為特點的工作機理的基礎上，建立了催化轉化器的化學反應模型:當催化轉化處于化學動力學控制區時，引入了考慮吸附、表面反應和脫附的表面化學反應速率公式，當催化轉化處于質量輸運控制區時，引入了決定外擴散能力的擴散系數公式和和決定內擴散速率的內擴散系數公式，並與化學反應速率相耦合，得出由擴散過程決定的化學反應速率公式。
  7. This paper is based on the working theory of anti - lock braking system, the properties of fuzzy control, the modelling for vehicle system and vhicle tyre. by using of wheel speed sensor, the gather of wheel speed is practiced by filter, amplier, modifying of wheel speed. based on the wheel slip ratio of abs. given vehicle speed and wheel speed, the wheel slip ratio is computed. the error and error change ratio of slip ratio is obtained by given refering slip ratio. which is the input of fuzzy control which comprises of input fuzzy

    本文根據防抱死制動系統的工作原理，模糊控制的性能特點，車輛系統模型及車輪輪胎模型，利用輪速傳感器，對輪速進行濾波、放大、整形等實現了車輪速度的採集。採用基於車輪滑移率的防抱控制理論，根據車速、輪速來計算車輪滑移率。由參考滑移率計算出滑移率的誤差、誤差變化率並作為控制器的輸入變量完成了模糊控制的模糊化、模糊推理、模糊判決。
  8. The following algorithms have been proposed and tested in the thesis : 1 frequency selective fading : combine the isomorphism between the input space and the output space and propose a new approach to blind equalization of the channel. compared with conventional methods, the new approach offers lower computational complexity, better performance, and more robust against the over - determination of the system order ; 2 time selective fading : a new approach to the equalization of time selective channel based on the zero - forced equalizer is proposed which is more simple in its structure of algorithm ; 3 time - varying channel : using the instantaneous mean value changes of the output signal to extract the information of channel variations and model it using ar model, kalman filter is then employed to track channel variations, it bears faster ability in tracking the variation of tv channels ; based on the isomorphism between the inputs and the outputs and some of the approaches using in mimo system, a new algorithm of equalization of simo time - varying channel is proposed, which also share the merits of being robust against the over - determination of the system order ; model the time - varying channel using the multi - resolution decomposition wavelets, and then a blind identification method based " on the model is proposed ; at last, a new model for equalization and identification of mimo system is proposed

    主要工作在以下幾個方面： 1 、針對頻率選擇性衰落通道：結合輸入輸出空間同構關系提出一種新的頻率選擇性通道均衡方法，與傳統方法相比，該方法計算量更小，收斂速度更快，性能更優，且對系統階次的過確定表現穩健，具有實際均衡應用價值； 2 、針對時間選擇性衰落通道：提出一種基於迫零均衡的時間選擇性通道均衡方法，演算法結構簡單； 3 、針對時變色散通道：利用瞬態均值曲線提取通道時變信息，對之ar建模，利用卡爾曼濾波器跟蹤時變通道抽頭變化，可以快速跟蹤通道變化；基於輸入輸出空間之間的同構關系以及多輸入多輸出系統的處理方法，提出了新的單輸入多輸出色散時變通道均衡與識別演算法，同樣具有對通道階次過確定保持穩健的優點；結合小波多解析度分析提出一種基於小波模型的通道盲識別演算法；研究時變的多輸入多輸出系統的盲均衡與盲反卷積問題，給出一種時變系統處理模型。
  9. Subsequently, taking into consideration the characteristics of audio data over internet including delay, jitter, packet loss and etc., we propose a series of methods for solving this above problems, such as pre - storage technology, buffer technology, dynamic adjustment of the voice - coding rate to the state of network and integrated media synchronization playing mechanism, and etc. in the end, simulation on 10 / 100m lan is made using the above methods, and the result of the experiment demonstrates the method has good performance and can improve the quality of the audio data transmission

    其次本文還深入研究了語音數據在非實時的internet數據網上的傳輸特性，這些特性包括延時、延時抖動、數據包丟失等。在本文的設計方案中提出了針對這些問題的解決方法，包括預取機制、設置緩沖區技術、動態速率調節技術以及媒體綜合同步播放機制等。最後採用這些方法在10 100m局域網上做了模擬實驗，實驗結果表明本文提出的方法是有效的，在網路狀況惡劣的情況下能夠改善語音播放質量。
  10. It is well known, the multi - media can deal with tremendous data, in former web condition, confined to the velocity of the connected modem equipment, real - time transmission of the connected media is usually impossible, though it is possible to make the connection come into reality, the loss of the data is very serious, the transmission of the picture may pause or stop obviously and can not reach the ideal effect without practical operation, however, in recent years with the development of the new development in connected web technology, such as xdsl and the mature popularization of the broad band technology like optical fiber

    眾所周知，多媒體的數據吞吐量往往十分巨大，在以前的網路狀態下，受制於modem等網路接入設備的速率條件，連續媒體的實時傳輸往往是不可能做到的，即使能夠勉強連接成功，其數據包的丟失現象也是十分嚴重的，圖像的傳輸有明顯的停頓甚至停止的現象，達不到理想的效果，所以並不具有實際的可行性。但隨著近年來網路接入新技術的發展，如xdsl 、光纖等寬帶技術的成熟和廣泛應用。
  11. So, a new algorithm is proposed in this thesis, it is proved that the new algorithm can reach satisfactory result by analysis

    最後提出了一種最優旋轉矢量演算法，分析結果表明，該演算法能夠很好的克服輸入角速率信號精度會降低的缺陷。
  12. With regard to the flow regulation of the best - effort traffic, the controllable traffic in high speed computer communication networks, the present paper proposes a novel control theoretic approach that designs a proportional - integrative ( pi ) controller based on multi - rate sampling for congestion controlling. based on the traffic model of a single node and on system stability criterion, it is shown that this pi controller can regulate the source rate on the basis of the knowledge of buffer occupancy of the destination node in such a manner that the congestion - controlled network is asymptotically stable without oscillation in terms of the buffer occupancy of the destionation node ; and the steady value of queue length is consistent with the specified threshold value

    本文從控制理論的角度出發，針對計算機高速網際網路中最大服務交通流即能控交通流的調節問題提出了一種基於多速率采樣的具有比例積分（ pi ）控制器結構的擁塞控制理論和方法，在單個節點的交通流的模型基礎上，運用控制理論中的系統穩定性分析方法，討論如何利用信終端節點緩沖佔有量的比例加積分的反饋形式來調節信源節點的能控交通流的輸入速率，從而使被控網路節點的緩沖佔有量趨于穩定;同時使被控網路節點的穩定隊列長度逼近指定的門限值。
  13. Advanced fpga technology is introduced to improve the integration of digital circuits, and all digital circuits in the original module are integrated in the fpga chips, which could not only reduce the cost, but also improve the reliability and measurement precision of the circuits. high speed digital signal processor ( dsp ) is selected as the coprocessor instead of scm ; it can receive all kinds of commands sent from vxi, analyze and execute the commands, harmonize each section of the module and process the data. higher - conversion - speed comparator chip is adopted to convert the input signals being measured into square waveform signals which could be identified by fpga chip ; it can expand the measurement range of frequency dramatically

    本文在原有vxi總線四通道計數器模塊的設計基礎上，通過對原模塊缺陷的分析，採用一些新的技術和新的電子器件來重新設計該計數器模塊:採用最新的fpga技術來提高數字電路的集成度，將原模塊中的所有數字電路全部集成在fpga晶元中，這樣不僅能節約成本，還能提高電路的可靠性和測量精度;採用高速的數字信號處理器（ dsp ）取代原有的單片機作為協處理器，來接收vxi發來的各種命令，分析命令、執行命令、協調模塊各部分的工作以及對數據的處理;採用轉換速率更高的比較器晶元將輸入的被測信號轉換為fpga晶元能夠識別的方波信號，能極大提高測量頻率的范圍;採用d / a轉換晶元和隔離運算放大器得到隔離通道所需的比較電平，該比較電平值能夠根據實際需求進行設置，能增強模塊的使用靈活性。
  14. Realization of improved bp algorithm - single output three layers " artificial neural network generator base on improved bp algorithm has been developed by the author, and the generator has some functions that the number of neuron in first and second layer and theirs related training parameters such as learning rate. momentum factor a and the value of sum error e can all be self - defined by the users ; connection weights and threshold in each layer ' s neuron training data and teaching signals can also be input or modified in the friendly interface

    生成器功能是:網路結構中的第一、二層神經元個數和訓練參數中的學習速率粉，動量因子a和期望誤差值:可由用戶在一定范圍內自定義;各層的權值、閥值、網路初始樣本值及教師值可在友好的界面下輸入、修改。
  15. Beacause apon ’ s efficiency is low and epon could not provide quality assurance for real - time services, network inspection, operation management and network control, gpon was proposed by fsan in september 2002, which can provide gigabit speed, high efficiency, transparent transmission of multi - services and specific quality of service. at present, the gpon standards, g. 984. 1, g. 984. 2, g. 984. 3 and g. 984. 4, have been established by itu - t

    Fsan組織考慮到apon的低效率和epon的無法對傳送實時業務提供質量保證、缺乏電信級的網路監測和業務管理等方面的不足，於2002年9月提出了具有gbit / s級的高速率、高效率，支持多業務透明傳輸，能夠提供明確的服務質量保證和服務級別，具有電信級的網路監測和業務管理能力的光纖接入網gpon 。
  16. By utilizing the main advantages of orthonormalization and power conservation from hilbert transformation, it is found that bit error rate is close to that of dcsk system, but transmission speed is one time higher than that of dcsk system, and the system ' s output variance is effectively reduced

    基於qpsk的思想，引入qcsk調制方式，利用hilbert變換對正交且能量守恆的特性，有效減小了系統輸出的方差，較dcsk系統，傳輸速率提高一倍，系統誤比特率與dcsk系統相近。
  17. Optical code division multiple access ( ocdma ) is a communication mode which introduces the code division multiple access ( cdma ) technology into optical fiber communication system. besides providing asynchronous communications access, ocdma system has many advantages, such as high capacity, security against interception, suppression of narrow band disturbances, capability in forming variable bit rate networks and multi - rate networks. it implies a great challenge for the development of future communication networks, especially all optical networks

    光碼分多址（ ocdma ）是將碼分多址（ cdma ）技術與大容量的光纖通信技術相結合的一種通信方式，其主要優點表現在如下幾個方面：允許多個用戶隨機地接入同一通道：可構成真正「透明」的全光通信網路；具有良好的安全性；允許可變速率或多速率傳輸，並可同時提供多種業務支持；具有優良好的抗干擾能力，並能夠充分地利用石英光纖的可用帶寬。
  18. The fifth chapter experiments on the cushioning performance of the three sets of systems with pid / pdf algorithm. mainly on how to influence the systems cushioning performance while changing the preset input signal frequency and the load mass. and on the systems " repeatability. reappearance and the stability. additionally this chapter compares the pid algorithm with the pdf algorithm in their influence on system cushioning performance. the final experiment results testifies that the thesis successfully realizes the expected cushioning effects of the three different sets of high - speed pneumatic system

    第五章對pid 、 pdf控制策略系統緩沖性能進行了實驗研究，主要研究了給定輸入信號頻率的改變對系統緩沖性能的影響、長時間工作時系統的重復性和再現性以及不同負載質量下系統的緩沖性能的實現；同時比較了pid 、 pdf控制策略對系統緩沖性能的影響。最後實驗結果表明，本課題用pid 、 pdf策略很好的實現了三套不同類型的高速氣動系統的緩沖，緩沖效果是很不錯的。
  19. The portable infrared press instrument has the following characteristics : has small volume and weight and carry easily ; use a keyboard to input orders and display the corresponding information on the lcd display for the sake of the user ' s convenience ; has big data capacity and can collect 30 press measure instruments all the data which have stored for a week ; show the real - time date and time ; communicate through the infrared with speed of 2400kbps ; has the intrinsically safe circuit and can be safely used under coal mine

    本文所研製出的紅外線壓力手抄器的主要特點是：體積小、重量輕、易於攜帶；使用鍵盤輸入命令，並在液晶顯示屏上給予相應的提示，極大地方便了使用者；數據容量較大，可一次採集30臺壓力測試儀一周內存儲的壓力數據；全日歷實時時鐘顯示；紅外數據通訊功能，傳輸速率為2400kbps ；本安設計，可安全的應用於煤礦井下。
  20. Keywords : input control terminals output control terminals basic control terminals programmable control terminals alarm signal output terminals analog output terminals switching output terminals up / down function multi - speed function frequency arrived function

    關鍵詞:輸入控制端子輸出控制端子基本控制端可編程式控制制端報警輸出端模擬量輸出端開關量輸出端升速/降速功能多檔速功能頻率到達功能。
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