自上而下模式 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìshàngērxiàmóshì]
自上而下模式 英文
top-down approach
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 下 : 下動詞1. （用在動詞后,表示由高處到低處） 2. （用在動詞后, 表示有空間, 能容納） 3. （用在動詞后, 表示動作的完成或結果）
  • 模 : 模名詞1. （模子） mould; pattern; matrix 2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 模式 : model; mode; pattern; type; schema
  1. In this paper, the numerical harbor should include following contents : 1. database of wave field, tidal current field, sediment field in researched area ; 2. database of ship styles. 3. numerical model used to analysis data. 4. plans of outer dike, utilities of sea line, and selections of waterway, which based on the above databases

    本文認為，對于港區而言，數值化的內容應包括以下幾個方面: （ l ）所研究港區的波浪場、潮流場及泥沙場等自然條件數據庫的建立; （ 2 ）船型數據庫的建立; （ 3 ）數值分析模式的建立; （ 4 ）提出建立在自然條件基礎之上的外堤布置、碼頭岸線利用策略及航道的擬定方案（即優化模式的建立） ; （ 5 ）按照經濟最優原理快速準確地提出碼頭裝卸的策略及當前方案。
  2. In addition to strengthening the economic construction in the countryside, the policy of “ building a new socialist countryside ” also involves the promotion of the countryside management reform and institutional innovation. in fact, rural governance is a significant issue concerning the farmers ’ fate and china ’ s social development

    當代中國村級治理的法定模式是村民自治，然而在物質基礎、社會結構、文化及傳統等因素的影響下，目前我國農村在村民自治的形式之下存在著大量的實質上的精英治理。
  3. Using schema standardization for top - down semantic transparency

    對于自上而下的語義透明性使用模式標準。
  4. Schema standardization for top - down semantic transparency

    Thinking xml :利用模式標準化實現自上而下的語義透明
  5. Thinking xml : schema standardization for top - down semantic transparency

    Thinking xml :利用模式標準化實現自上而下的語義透明
  6. In modern nations, policy - making and governing take three forms : administrative governing model, multi - doctrine model and policy network model

    摘要現代國家政策制定與治理有三種模式：自上而下的科層治理模式、自下而上的多元主義模式和平行結構的政策網路模式。
  7. In the entire course of the experiment, some new teaching methods, together with some effective methods in tradition are adopted. what ' s more, a number of drills of integrated skills of reading and writing are designed and put into use in class. after analyzing the results of the experiment, the author of this thesis elaborates the influence on writing by teaching work of reading by five aspects, referring to the relationship between reading and writing

    教學實驗中，教師充分認識了goodman藝回0碩士學位論文wmasthr 』 stiwis自上而下的閱讀模式和rumelhart的相互作用閱讀模式，結合傳統閱讀教學中一些行之有效的教學方法，採用了「先見森林后見木」的教法，並在教學過程中有機穿插了大量的閱讀寫作實踐訓練。
  8. By analyzing the traditional model of e - c ( english - chinese ) translation teaching, this paper points out the shortcomings of this old model, and presents a brand - new task - based approach to e - c translation teaching which takes contrastive linguistics as a base and threads with the concept of text translation

    摘要本文通過對現有英譯漢教學模式的分析，指出該教學模式的不足，並根據翻譯教學的特殊性，提出了一種以對比語言學為基礎、以篇章翻譯為主線、自上而下的任務型英譯漢教學模式。
  9. We use different criterions and angles based on the past teaching theory and the result of the relative subjects research to construct the teaching model. by inducing and deducing, the two basic ways of creation, we can construct the application models of teaching theory as follows : ( 1 ) according to the differences of teaching theories operation method or direction. the application models of teaching theory can be divided into two types, one is from top to bottom, the other is from bottom to top

    我們從不同的標準、不同的角度，在歸納總結以往教學理論應用經驗的基礎上，並結合相關學科的研究成果，通過歸納和演繹兩種基本的生成方式，對教學理論應用模式進行理性建構，大致可以歸結為以下幾種： （ 1 ）按照教學理論運作方式或方向的不同，教學理論應用模式有自上而下模式、自下而上模式之分。
  10. The late research on achievements of the student cares not only intelligent factors, but also non - intelligent factors as well. this study is based on the investigation of the two perspectives above. to test the first research question, the author administered a true examination by which the effectiveness of wass is predicted to be reflective

    圖式理論認為，閱讀是一個語言心理的猜測過程，在某種程度上來說，閱讀是一種「自上而下」的模式，學習者對材料的理解是從比較小的語言文字單位到比較大的單位，從低層到高層一步步進行的。
  11. With the corporation system in rural areas turning to no - collectivism, the supply system for public goods loses its foundation and the level of the supply of public goods in countryside gradually falls down. at present, the rural public goods supply should be improved on the supply decision - making mechanism, finance mechanism, management and supervision mechanism. the solution of " three rural issues " depends on the improvement of the working and living conditions in the rural areas

    文章回顧了農村公共產品供給機制演變的過程，指出我國農村公共產品供給至少在供給決策機制、籌資機制、監督與管理機制方面都有待改進和完善，在決策機制方面: 「一事一議」的農村公共產品供給決策方式和「自上而下」的公共產品供給決策程序不合理;在籌資機制方面:籌資渠道不暢、成本補償困難、投資規模不足、供給主體錯位;在監督與管理方面:資金管理混亂、行政效率低下。
  12. Chapter iii discusses three reading process models : top - down model, bottom - up model and interactive model

    第二章：論述了閱讀理解的三種模式：自下而上、自上而下和交互作用模式。
  13. For a human face, the significant facial regions ( forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, chin ) from top to bottom and the local characteristic regions ( temple, left eye, right eye, etc. ) from left to right can be described as the state sequences of e - hmm

    人臉自上而下自左至右的不同特徵區域可以用嵌入式隱markov模型（ embeddedhiddenmarkovmodel ，簡記為e - hmm ）的狀態序列來表示。
  14. Based on paris law, the effects of different parameters of fatigue model and pavement structure on the fatigue propagation rules and fatigue lives of top - down cracks are analyzed using appropriate numerical method, and some recommendations about pavement material selection and structure design are presented

    基於paris公式，本文採用合適的數值方法分析了疲勞模型參數和路面結構參數對自上而下裂縫的疲勞擴展規律與疲勞壽命的影響，給出了路面材料選取與路面結構設計等方面的有關建議。
  15. " bottom - up model ", " top - down model ", " interactive model ", " schema theory " and others explain thoroughly the process of reading and the many factors that have effects on reading comprehension

    眾多的閱讀理論源於對母語閱讀的研究， 「自上而下」 、 「自下而上」 、 「交互模式」 、 「圖式理論」等都精闢地闡釋了人們閱讀的過程及各種影響閱讀的因素。
  16. On the basis of the reflection of the traditional vocabulary teaching model, the author of this article, starting from the viewpoint of constructivism, explores the model changing of college english vocabulary teaching from bottom - up model to top - down model

    摘要傳統英語詞匯教學模式呆板僵化，以建構主義觀點為理論依據，大學英語詞匯教學要實現從「自下而上式」向「自上而下式」轉變。
  17. Abstract : an efficient partitioning algorithm for mixed - mode placement, extended - mffc - based partitioning, is presented. it combines the bottom - up clustering and the top - down partitioning together. to do this, designers can not only cluster cells considering logic dependency but also partition them aiming at min - cut. experimental results show that extended - mffc - based partitioning performs well in mixed - mode placement with big pre - designed blocks. by comparison with the famous partitioning package hmetis, this partitioning proves its remarkable function in mixed - mode placement

    文摘:提出一種專用於帶有預設計模塊的混合模式布局的劃分演算法.它基於擴展的mffc結群演算法，結合自下而上的結群和自上而下的劃分為一體進行混和模式下的劃分.這樣不僅可以使劃分能夠考慮電路本身的邏輯依賴，而且可以得到很好的"最小割"劃分結果.實驗結果表明，這種劃分演算法在層次式混合模式布局流程里起到了顯著的作用.將此演算法和當今國際上著名的劃分包hmetis進行比較，結果表明此演算法有一定的優勢
  18. It also presents a hybrid approach on the basis of the synergetic network and texture spectrum, which utilizes the advantages of both the top - down synergetics and the traditional down - to - top classifying methods to construct the multi - classifier. the first level classifier is based on snn, in which a novel prototype selection algorithm on the basis of texture features instead of pixels is presented and the second level the texture segmentation algorithm based on the global texture spectrum. finally, it tests the multi - classifier with a great

    在筆跡鑒別多分類器模型的構造中，本文將協同神經網路與紋理譜概念相結合，由自上而下的協同方法和自下而上傳統分類識別方法相結合構造多分類器，第一層分類器基於協同神經網路，其中，在原型模式的選擇演算法上，本論文提出了用紋理特徵替代象素的協同模式識別演算法；第二層分類器基於全局紋理譜的紋理分割演算法。
  19. According to cognitive psychology, ways to use schema for expression in translation include : using prototype matching, using pattern plate, and searching " from above to below "

    按照認知心理學觀點，運用圖式進行傳譯可包括三個方面，即運用原型匹配、運用模板匹配、運用「自上而下」搜索。
  20. What should we do when we have to face the monetary system reform deadline ? we may obtain from the different country monetary system reform, under comparison we can choose the model country which has different significance for our country, such as the united states, england, japan and russian etc, as each nation ’ s interest rate marketable experienced a long period, so any opportunistic way will only cause failure ; besides, interest rate market ' s turning must pay attention to the order of sequence, following the sequence rule and advancing gradually, otherwise any unusual factor will bring the whole

    我們可以從不同國家金融體制改革入手，選擇比較有借鑒意義的國家，如美國、英國、日本和俄羅斯等國，通過分析其在改革過程中的得失，我可以看到任何一個國家的利率市場化都經歷了一個漫長的過程，任何投機取巧的做法只能導致改革的失敗;利率市場化一定要講究次序，要循序漸進的實行利率市場化，否則將會帶來整個社會的動蕩;利率市場化離不開金融監管機構的參與，必須融合政府和市場兩種力量才能取得利率市場化改革的成功，在改革模式上可以選擇自上而下、自下而上或者自下而上與自上而下相結合的改革路徑。
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