行情定價法 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [hángqíngdìngjiàfǎ]
行情定價法 英文
competition pricing
  • 行 : 行Ⅰ名詞1 （行列） line; row 2 （排行） seniority among brothers and sisters:你行幾? 我行三。where...
  • 情 : 名詞1 （感情） feeling; affection; sentiment 2 （情分; 情面） favour; kindness; sensibilities; fe...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 行情 : market quotations; price; conjuncture
  1. Next analyzed were the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission ; cost, ratemaking principle, method of acquiring the pipeline transmission fee, constitution, calculate, management and control after that, wt ; compared service cost methods with economic evaluation methods and the one - part pricing method with the two - part pricing method. later on was introduced the regulate coefficient of pipeline transmission fee structure, established the modificatory two - part pricing method, and found out a natural gas pipeline transmission pricing method that is fit for china ' s current situation. finally, we validated the rationality and applicability of this metho j by the demonstrational analysis on the natural gas pipeline transmission price of " the gas transmission from west to east " pipeline this paper ' s research fundamental is : the fundamental of natural gas pipeline transmission pricing should reflect the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission

    本文首先論述了自然壟斷行業的價格理論，然後分析了天然氣管輸的特點、定價原則及管輸費的收取方式、成本、構成、計算及其管理與調控；在此基礎上比較了中外天然氣管輸定價的服務成本法與經濟評價法，一部制定價法與兩部制定價法等；針對目前我國天然氣管道運價的制定現狀，本文深入研究了國際通用的天然氣管輸定價方法，引入「管輸費結構調整系數」的指標，建立修正的兩部制定價方法，找出了一套適合於我國當前國情的恰當的天然氣管輸定價方法，並通過「西氣東輸」管線加以實證分析，驗證了方法的合理性和適用性。
  2. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  3. This research deeply reflects the students in senior one whose chemical self - efficiency sense current situation and attribution inclination in chemical study, the characteristic and specific situation formation ( the background, precondition ), to carry on students " attribution training during chemical teaching in view of the above ; combining group coach with specific training, facing all students and choose the typical individual to track at the same tune, and to accumulate cases ; giving full play to students " conscious activity through writing diary by reflective thinking or brief summary on learning and setting up chemistry learning file, etc to strengthen one " s own consciousness, learn to regulate oneself ; to evaluate the effect of attribution training, that is, chemistry - learning efficiency, the author actively try combining subjective evaluation with objective evaluation, teachers " evaluation with students " own

    本研究較深入地了解到高一學生對化學學習的自我效能感現狀，高一學生在化學學習中的歸因傾向、特點及其形成的特定情境（背景、前提條件） ，並據此在化學學科教學中對學生進行心理歸因訓練;採用團體輔導與個別訓練相結合，面向全體學生同時選擇典型個體進行追蹤，積累案例材料;充分發揮學生主體的主觀能動性，通過寫反思日記或學習小結、建立化學學習檔案等方法，強化自我反思意識，學會自我調節:積極嘗試主觀評價與客觀評價、教師評價與學生自我評價相結合的方式，對歸因訓練效果即化學學習效能進行了評價。
  4. In part two, the author analyzes the stage of economic development, the present situation and feature of industries, the factors that influence the industrial development, and so on, then preliminarily selects the possible superior industry. after that the author utilizes the comprehensive evaluating approach to evaluate the degree of industrial advantage, by which the author selects the superior industries that lie in hunchun ' s industry. at last, the author of this thesis combines the quantitative result and the qualitative result to finally confirms hunchun ' s superior industry

    第二部分，對琿春市所處經濟發展階段、產業發展現狀和特徵、產業形成的影響因素等區情進行分析后，初步選擇出琿春市可能的優勢產業；運用綜合評價法評價琿春市各工業部門的優勢度，選擇出琿春市工業中的優勢產業；最後將以上定性分析的結果與定量分析的結果相結合，確定出琿春市的優勢產業。
  5. Fitts " law was extended to two - dimensional polar coordinate system, and based on this, a method on human movement quality evaluation was proposed. indices of gait symmetry, indices of difficulty and indices of performance for human upper limbs were defined and combined with other indices to form a set of systematic indices of movement quality evaluation

    將fitts定律推廣到二維極坐標下，並以此為基礎建立了矢狀面內的人體運動質量評定方法，定義了上肢運動的難度指標、執行度指標和下肢運動的對稱性指標，提出了一套能反映運動質量各方面情況且具有普遍意義的運動質量評價指標。
  6. On the criminal objective side, the author analyses facts about the crime which have ability to enforce the judgment by people ' s court but refuse to do so, and then emphasizes the meaning and limit of having ability and handing principles. in order to explain the meaning of refusing to enforce, the author makes an analysis of different views currently existing in theory and practice. according to different criterion, the refusing act is divided into different groups

    犯罪客觀方面，作者從本罪的罪狀「有能力執行人民法院判決、裁定而拒不執行」出發，重點論述了「有能力」的含義和范圍以及處理原則；對何謂「拒不執行」 ，作者針對當前理論與實踐中存在的各種不同認識，逐一進行了評價，並根據不同的標準將拒不執行行為分為：作為與不作為，公然與隱蔽，暴力與非暴力，主動型與被動型，並對分類情況進行了詳細說明。
  7. With the combination of the present situation in shangrao power supply bureau, this thesis elaborates the analysis of the reform of rural electric power enterprise and the reconstruction of rural electric networks ; analysis of the investment conditions of the reform in the view of technical economics ; discussion of the effect of small hydropower on the economic activities of the whole marketing ; evaluation of the work of " two reforming and the same electric price in urban an rural districts " in the view of economics ; analysis of the profit and loss in marketing and economic activities with the cost - volume - profit analytic in managerial economics ; discussion of the measures in improving marketing activities from the aspects of developing the electric market in rural 、 pricing strategy 、 marketing channel management 、 sales strategies 、 quality service and the enforcement of transmission loss management, etc

    本文結合上饒供電局的實際情況，分析了農電體制改革以及農網改造的情況；從技術經濟學的角度對兩網改造的投資情況進行了分析；並就小水電對全局營銷經濟活動的影響進行了探討；結合當前的實際情況，從經濟學的角度評價了「兩改一同價」的工作；用管理經濟學中的量本利分析法分析了全局的營銷盈虧情況；針對營銷成果的分析，從開拓農電市場、定價策略、營銷渠道管理、促銷策略、優質服務以及加強線損管理等方面探討改進營銷經濟活動的措施。
  8. Section iii proposes a possible organization of a reactive power market, a regional reactive power market established according to the distribution of the load and the reactive supply. the regional reactive power market is composed of a reactive energy market based on marginal pricing and a reactive capacity market based on a reactive regulating capacity payment. the cases in section iv, based on the market organization proposals and the reactive bid structure previously presented, performed on a five - bus system and the ieee 14 bus system, are used to analysis the effects of active bid, voltage control and power factor on the reactive marginal price

    本文首先回顧了電力市場發展的歷史和現狀；然後對市場中的定價方法和無功輔助服務的內容及特點進行了總結，並介紹了一些國家的無功輔助服務市場模式和交易方法；接著立足我國國情，提出了單邊開放電力市場下的無功市場框架：即根據負荷和無功源的分佈特點建立區域無功市場，各區域無功市場又由相應的無功電量市場和無功容量市場組成；並提出了該無功市場模式下的機組報價模型和基於報價的以系統總購電費用最小為目標的無功電價計算方法；最後用一個5節點系統和ieee14節點系統進行了實例分析，初步研究了發電機有功報價、系統電壓控制以及負荷功率因數對無功電價的影響，得出了一些有借鑒意義的結論。
  9. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  10. In this thesis, abundant statistical data are contained, two methods are employed to give a positive analysis on the elasticity of demand ( eod ) of i & e in china during the period from 1990 to 2001 from the following three aspects : firstly, regression analysis is applied to calculate the average eod of the general i & e. generally speaking, the export is rich in price eod while the import has a poor one. in addition, the absolute value of the sum of these two kinds of elasticity is higher than 1, which accords with marshall - lener condition and proves that devaluation of rmb should be helpful to improve the trade balance. suggestion is further provided such as cutting off producing cost of export, improving technology and implementing strategy of import substitution to improve trade balance

    本文運用豐富的統計數據資料、兩種方法、從三個層次實證分析了1990 - 2001年我國進出口商品的需求彈性：首先，運用回歸分析法計算總體進出口商品的平均彈性，得出我國出口商品總體富有價格彈性，而進口商品總體缺乏價格彈性，進出口需求價格彈性之和的絕對值大於1 ，符合馬歇爾?勒納條件，人民幣貶值有助於改善貿易收支的結論，並提出降低出口商品生產成本、提高生產技術水平、實施進口替代戰略來改善貿易收支；其次，運用彈性定義法逐年計算約100種主要出口商品和約50種主要進口商品的總體需求價格彈性，對其結果進行分析，進一步驗證了前述結論；再次，運用彈性定義法逐年計算農產品、鋼鐵、汽車、醫藥等五大類八種商品的進出口需求價格彈性，根據其不同的分佈狀況，聯系實際經濟情況，提出相應的匯率、價格及產業政策以改善貿易收支。
  11. Responding suppliers were requested to fill in a questionnaire which covered several aspects of operational practices such as price setting, incentive rebate, responsibility of damaged goods, share of promotion fee, etc, basing on their experience in the past 7 years. a number of these practices touch on the competitive behavior of suppliers and retailers. focus of the analysis is on the interplay of power and conflict between suppliers and retailers, and whether there are any unfair practices existing in the process

    這項調查就多個實際的營運范疇，包括商品的定價、銷售反利退傭的要求、商品損耗的責任及分擔商品促銷費等，以問卷形式訪問供應商過去七年的營運實況，分析他們與零售商之間的權力與沖突，從而探討雙方在經營手法或行為上是否存在不公平的情況。
  12. From the viewpoint of system, such the basic theories of the modeling method as system dynamics, learning organization and system thinking are studied on the basis of the analysis of the status quo of management decision - making, as well as relevant model building blocks, modeling methods and modeling steps. taking advantage of modeling platform stella / ithink, some enterprise management decision - making modeling infrastructures are built based on anhui jianghuai automotive co., ltd., which include inventory controlling, manufacturing, pricing, shop controlling and etc. finally, based on the qualitative analysis of the strategy of mark down sale in auto industry the model of the pricing strategy in auto industry is developed, which is based on anhui jianghuai automotive co., ltd. the effects of the strategy of mark down sale are simulated and analyzed quantitatively

    論文在分析國內管理決策現狀的基礎上，從系統的概念出發，研究了系統動力學、學習型組織理論、系統思考等基本理論以及系統動力學方法的建模構件（ block ） 、建模原理、方法與步驟；藉助建模平臺stella ithink ，以安徽江淮汽車股份有限公司為原型，設計構建了庫存控制、製造、價格和車間控制等企業管理模型功能子模塊（ infrastructure ） ；在定性分析國內汽車行業降價銷售策略的基礎上，設計構建了以安徽江淮汽車股份有限公司為原型的國內汽車行業價格決策模型，該模型圍繞產品價格、交貨提前期、市場份額、利潤、生產能力等關鍵因素，對降價銷售策略帶來的市場運作、生產管理、銷售發貨及庫存控制等過程的變化情況進行了模擬模擬，並通過一定的數據結果定量地說明了降價銷售策略將給企業帶來的結果。
  13. This can fully consider the effect of the structure of transmission line and the selection of lighting parameter etc. by calculating and analyzing various of factor that affect the lightning tripping probability of 500kv double circuit transmission line, we can draw the conclusions : the result by intersecting method is more accord with the practicality circumstance than by existing standard methods, using unbalance high insulation and reverse sequence of wire can reduce the contemporary outage rate of double circuit line, reducing the footing resistance is one of the most efficiency method to reduce the back stroking rate of double circuit transmission line, the double back stroking rate and the single back stroking rate will fall by three ground wire, when the footing resistance is 10 ohm, the back stroking rate by three ground wire is 83 percent of by two ground wire

    在分析輸電線路繞擊耐雷性能時，對線路的雷電屏蔽問題進行了分析，提出對擊距法進行改進，充分考慮了風速的影響因素，編寫了具有工程實用價值的計算線路繞擊耐雷水平的程序，此方法可以充分考慮線路結構和雷電參數等對繞擊率的影響。通過對影響500kv同桿雙回線路雷擊跳閘率的各種因素進行了計算和分析，得到以下結論：採用相交法的計算結果比定義法更符合實際運行情況。採用不平衡高絕緣方式和導線逆相序排列可以大大降低雙回同時跳閘率。
  14. This thesis is divided into five parts. in the first part, through the comparison between mortgage and the pledge rights, and drawing lessons from wang limin ( professor of china people ' s university ) ' s idea, the author gives a definition to the pledge rights : it ' s the rights that when the debtor does n ' t fulfill his obligation, the creditor can be given the legal rights to take possession of a house or some other property as a security for payment of money lent. then the author makes further explanation to the pledge rights from the which analyzes the legal meaning of returing the security wantonly, although the supreme court made it clear that " after the creditor returned the security to the debtor, and comfronts the third person based on the pledge rights, the court will not support it ", thecourt did n ' t explicit whether the pledge rights dies out or is invalid. the author poses out when in this situation, the pledge rights dies out

    如在論述動產質權實現條件時，分析了我國《擔保法》第七十一條的不足之處並提出了自己的見解：職權人只能在非自身的原因未能受到清償時才能實現其質權；質權實現時質物價值超過約定價值的部分應歸出質人所有；而質權人怠於行使質權而使質物價值下跌的，質權人應承擔賠償責任。再如在分析任意返還質。物的法律意義時，針對最高人民法院盡管在其司法解釋中明確了「質權人將質物返i 」 a碩士學住論文v不示yw訂比』 sn正狠還于出質人後，以其質權對抗第三人的，人民法院不予支持」 ，但沒有明確此種情況下，質權是消滅還是無效的缺陷，筆者提出了質權人將質物返還于出質人或質物所有人的質權消滅的觀點。
  15. Based on clear boundary condition of dam shoulders, with rigid limit equilibrium vector method, baihetan hydroelectric power station dam shoulders anti - sliding stability analyzing program is compiled. then, by using above program, the anti - sliding stability of dam shoulders in different modes and different load patterns are calculated in respectively, and their stability is evaluated. the analysis results indicate that the anti - sliding stability of baihetan dam shoulders can meet the need of arch dam design

    在查明壩肩抗力體邊界條件的基礎上，利用剛體極限平衡分析中的矢量法在文獻[ 1 ]基礎上編制了白鶴灘壩肩抗力體抗滑穩定性分析程序，並對白鶴灘壩肩抗力體的不同荷載情況下大塊體的穩定性進行了評價，結果表明：白鶴灘壩肩抗力體的穩定性總體上達到了拱壩設計的要求。
  16. First the thesis elaborate the basis principles of land sustainable use, according to the natural and social economy situation, the characteristics of the land use, the aids and the principle of evaluation, we work out an index system form four aspects of productivity, protection, viability, acceptability. the weigh of indexes are defined by means of analytic hierarchy process, the standardization of indexes are defined by effective function, then, we use multi - aid decision model which mainly reflects that indictors influence on aim and multi - aid liner function which mainly reflects aim the degree of land sustainable use during 1996 and 1999 in taigu

    論文從土地資源可持續利用的基本理論入手，結合太谷縣的自然、社會經濟狀況與土地利用的特點，依據評價的目標和原則，從生產性、資源保護性、經濟可行性、社會可接受性四個方面，採用專家咨詢法建立了太谷縣土地資源可持續利用評價指標體系，採用層次分析法確定了指標權重，應用功效函數法進行評價指標的標準化處理，運用反映評價指標因子對評價目標的影響程度的多目標突變決策模型和反映評價目標的可持續利用程度的多目標線性加權相結合的方法，對太谷縣1996年到1999年的土地利用情況進行了評價。
  17. In addition, it is neccesary to deeply carry out foundational study for the following subjects : the control technique of distributed power generation ; the power market mechanism suitable for fussion of the distributed power generation, and corresponding political regulations ; management of electric energy quality, and stratagy of operation and control for the combined power system ; planning of the combined power system, and scheme of putting units into operation ; pricing of the power marker, and distributing scheme of network loss etc

    另外，對于分散式發電控制技術，適應融合分散式發電的電力市場機制和相應政策法規，聯合電力系統的電能質量管理、運行和控制策略，聯合電力系統規劃、機組投運方案，電力市場定價以及網損分配方案等需要進行深入的基礎研究，並結合實際國情制訂相應的標準。
  18. Based on the analysis of existing views of environmental audit from both home and abroad, this paper suggests that environmental audit is referred to " independent supervisory activities performed by audit institutions who will make a test and appraisal of the clients " procedures and policies with regard to the protection of environment, including the scientificity and rationality of the procedures ( or policies ), the authenticity, legality and effectiveness of their enforcement

    對于環境審計定義，作者在對國內外現有的主要觀點進行分析的基礎上，提出環境審計是指「審計組織依法對被審單位的環境保護制度（政策）的科學性、合理性和履行情況的真實性、合法性和有效性進行審查和評價，藉以實現可持續發展的一種獨立的監督活動。 」
  19. To the author ' s surprise, the word manipulation has been often misused in the situations where a legal operation is involved. this compels the author to re - assess and criticize the definitions offered by the researchers so far to the term securities - market - related manipulative action. the author labels the different definitions with a proper name indicating a different school of theory and puts forward his own definition of manipulative action in securities market

    並通過論證，提出對操縱證券市場行為的一個新的定義，即，操縱證券市場行為是指違反法律禁止性規定，為牟取非法利益或轉嫁不當風險，所從事的製造虛假市場行情、人為影響市場價格，誘使投資者買賣證券的行為。
  20. By using the business valuation methods that widely adopted in the world, the thesis analyzes the banking valuation theories and methods comparatively, such as the comparative model, discount model of free cash flow ( dcf ), option pricing model and three - factor pricing model. in view of the real situation of chinese banks, the thesis also discussed the applicability of these models

    然後對目前國內外普遍採用的企業價值評估方法對銀行價值評估的理論進行了綜合比較，具體分析了相對估價法、現金流折現法（ dcf ） 、期權定價法和「三要素」定價法的基本模型及其擴展，並結合我國的實際情況，對各種方法的適用性進行了探討。
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