補償性交易 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bǔchángxìngjiāoyì]
補償性交易 英文
compensatory transaction
  • 補 : Ⅰ動詞1 （修理; 修補） repair; mend; patch 2 （補充; 補足;填補） fill up; add supplement; supply; ...
  • 償 : 動詞1. （歸還; 抵補） repay; compensate for 2. （滿足） meet; fulfil
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 交 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把事物轉移給有關方面） hand over; give up; deliver 2 （到某一時辰或季節） reach （a cert...
  • 易 : Ⅰ形容詞1. （容易） easy 2. （平和） amiable Ⅱ動詞1. （改變; 變換） change 2. （交換） exchange Ⅲ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 補償 : compensate; make up; make up for; make it up to sb. ; make sth. good; compensation; offset
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. The organic agriculture is also able to meet human being ' s diversified demands for the agricultural function after their physiological demands are satisfied basically. the remarkable information asymmetry exists in the organic agricultural product trade and has higher requests to the system. the production of organic agricultural product is superior to ordinary agricultural product in nutrition, safety and health because it is forbidden to use various kinds of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizers, etc. if organic authenticity of product can be guaranteed, consumers like to buy it with higher price because of its fine quality, friendly environment and social fair, etc. because of the limited organic agricultural production " input, high produce cost and low production, producers are needed to be compensated with higher price ; difficult to distinguish organic agricultural produce with common agricultural ones from appearance and even prove organic authenticity of product through measuring

    在有機農產品交易中存在著顯著的信息不對稱，對制度有著更高的要求，表現在：有機農產品的生產因為禁止使用農藥、化肥等各種化學投入品，在營養、安全、健康等方面優于普通農產品；因為其優良的品質和環境友好、社會公平等附加效用，消費者願意以比普通農產品更高的價格購買，但前提是必須保證產品的有機真實性；由於有機農業生產投入受到很大限制，生產成本增加，而產量又可能降低（尤其是在轉換期） ，生產者需要以較高的產品價格作為補償；在外觀上難以區分有機農產品與普通農產品的差異在外觀上，即使通過檢測也難以驗證有機產品的真實性。
  3. Modern cost theory absorbs and reserves the valuable concepts and the idea of cost attributes ( capital attribute and compensatory attribute ), meanwhile, surmounts the limitations of traditional theory and put forwards some new concepts such as transaction cost, information cost, and society cost etc. these theories provide theoretical guide and useful tool to the analysis of labor forces flow from cost perspective

    現代成本理論吸收、保留傳統理論的有用概念和關于成本屬性的思想（資本屬性、補償屬性等） ，同時通過理論創新（如提出交易成本、信息成本、社會成本等新概念） ，克服了傳統理論的局限性，為我們從成本視角研究勞動力流動提供了有用工具和理論指導。
  4. Punitive compensation system is one corresponding with compensative cinpensative system, it has many functions such as punish, prevent illegal behaviors and encourage marketing trades. it is damage compensation system adopted in britain and american law, especially in american law and it is one of the disputed legal systems in britain and american law

    懲罰性賠償制度是與補償性賠償制度相對應的賠償制度，具有懲罰、預防不法行為和鼓勵市場交易多種功能，它主要是英美法特別是美國法中採用的損害賠償制度，同時也是英美法中頗具爭議的法律制度之一。
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