討價還價能力 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tǎojiàháijiànénglì]
討價還價能力 英文
bargaining power
  • 討 : 動詞1 （討伐） send army or despatch troops to suppress or assault 2 （索取; 請求） ask for; beg ...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 還 : 還副詞1 （表示現象繼續存在或動作繼續進行; 仍舊） still; yet 2 （表示在某種程度之上有所增加） even...
  • 能 : 能名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 力 : Ⅰ名1 （力量; 能力） power; strength; ability; capacity 2 [物理學] （改變物體運動狀態的作用） forc...
  • 討價還價 : bargain with sb for a supply of sth ; chaffer with a tradesman about prices; dicker with sb about...
  • 能力 : ability; capacity; capability
  1. This article contains three parts, five chapters. the first part introduces the incentive models of actual bonus stock synoptically, analyses the stock on hand, option shares and stock option, the three kind of important incentive models, on rights and incumbencies, value and the incentive guidance by contrast. the second part discusses the difficulties and influential factors in the design of technical bonus stock, quests for the incentive models of technical bonus stock, analyses superiority and inferior position in action, difference and interosculation between them, discusses the need and significance for the technical bonus stock reanimation in the middle - small technicalfilms. in order to make use of the technical bonus stock distribution mechanism fully, inspire the talent of technologists, encourage their devotion to films, we have some important discussion on the technical bonus stock distribution policy, introduce the distributed models of technical bonus stock, point out the questions in the excutive course, and offer the solution correspondingly. in the third part, we discuss the technical stock option design on middle - small technical films, and consider the logical thoughtfulness in the course of reanimation as follows : the more outstanding achievement for the powered man the more increase on special target the lower price on technical option premium the more profit the more effective reanimation. in the parameter, a set of detailed program is designed, which includes establishment of incentive fund, institution of merit system for the plan ' s grantors, award of stock option, determination of premium, so as to reduce random in the incentive course, have a great effect on the mormative management for the

    本文內容共分為五章三大部分，第一部分概括性地介紹了現行股權激勵方式，對現股、期股和期權這三種重要的激勵方式，從權利義務、價值和激勵導向三個方面進行了對比分析；第二部分探討了技術股權設計的難點和影響因素，討論了我國中小科技企業技術股權激勵的方式，分析它們在激勵中的優勢和不足，以及它們之間的區別與聯系，並對中小科技企業實施技術股權激勵的必要性和意義進行了探討。在文中還重點討論了中小科技企業技術股權分配的策略，介紹了技術股權紅利分配方式，指出在技術股權激勵過程中應注意的問題，並提出相應的解決辦法，目的在於充分利用技術股權分配機制，來激發技術人員潛在的創新能力，激勵他們為企業作貢獻；第三部分著重探討了中小科技企業技術股份期權的方案設計，在激勵方面，按照技術期權獲受人的業績越突出特定的指標增長越快行權價越低獲利越多激勵效果越好的邏輯思路進行考慮；在參數設計方面，對技術期權計劃中激勵基金、授予和考核、行權價格等參數進行了詳細地分析設計，旨在減少技術期權激勵過程中的隨意性，為中小科技企業的規范化管理起到一定的指導和借鑒作用。
  2. Abstract : this paper, by analyzing the effect of differences of mineral structure of 2 1 layer minerals, the properties of their interlayer charge and changes of some properties caused by weathering on the attractive force for interlayer cation, reached the conclusion that : the fixation capacity is determined by the ratio of the total amount of interlayer charge and that of tetrahedral charges. the relationship of interlayer cation fixation and octahedral structure of secondary minerals is probably different from that of primary minerals. the oxidation and reduction of variable valence cations can greatly influence the cation fixation capacity

    文摘:分析2 1型礦物的結構差異、層間電荷性質以及在風化過程中某些性質的變化對層間陽離子吸引力的影響，對已有報道中一些矛盾的結果或不具普遍意義的結論進行了討論.得出幾個較為明確的結論：層間總電荷與四面體電荷所佔比例大小共同決定礦物對層間陽離子的固定能力；原生礦物中八面體結構與層間陽離子固定間的關系對次生礦物而言，也許並不一致；八面體中可變價陽離子的氧化還原，可導致礦物固定陽離子能力發生較大變化
  3. Suppliers " bargaining power

    供應商的討價還價能力
  4. Suppliers ' bargaining power

    供應商的討價還價能力
  5. Buyers ' bargaining power

    買方的討價還價能力
  6. Buyers bargaining power

    買方的討價還價能力
  7. Study on the changing mechanisms of enterprise bargaining power within skill - based strategic alliances

    技能型戰略聯盟中企業討價還價能力變動機制研究
  8. An empirical study on cooperative effect and enterprise bargaining power in skill - based strategic alliances

    技能型戰略聯盟合作效應和企業討價還價能力實證研究
  9. An ultimatum might be issued to increase the urgency of compliance, and if the enemy fails to comply within the time limit, the possibility of resorting to force by the us would be highly increased. nevertheless, in symmetrical crises like the north korea nuclear one, the us options would be severely constrained with the policy dilemma of crisis management mentioned above. therefore, the crisis managers of the us would like to follow the carrot and stick approach to manage the crisis, namely, they would do whatever is needed to protect or advance their most important interests

    然而，在對稱性危機中，美國的危機管理者則不得不承認危機管理困境的存在，傾向于採取「軟硬兼施」的危機管理模式，即：危機管理者以防止戰爭作為最高優先目標，在防止戰爭的前提下追求已方利益；能夠遵守危機管理原則，綜合或交替運用施壓與妥協的危機管理策略；注重保持與對手之間溝通渠道的暢通，正確把握對手的意圖、決心和能力；避免危及對手核心價值體系，圍繞利益展開「理性的討價還價」 ；通過利益交換或議題聯接，共同尋求和平解決危機的途徑，防止己方不願見到的危機升級。
  10. Chapter six discusses how enterprises use value chain to implement customer value strategy, first introduces how to reconstruct the value chain of enterprise basing on customer value. then illustrates how to integrate enterprise ' s resource and competence to achieve cooperative effect through value chain in order to improving the difficulties of imitation and realizing competitive advantage. finally explains that enterprises still need to create customer value through value nets to gain competitive advantage with the arrival of cybereconomy

    第六章討論企業如何運用價值鏈來實施顧客價值戰略，首先介紹如何以顧客價值為導向重構企業的價值鏈，接著論述如何通過價值鏈整合企業資源和能力以產生協同效應，提高競爭對手模仿難度，實現競爭優勢，最後還闡述了隨著網路經濟的來臨，企業還需通過價值網創造顧客價值，實現競爭優勢。
  11. The fallacy of composition is a kind of " macro - market failure ", so the stabilization policy should be chosen by the state. also, the paper analyzed the economic bodies " responses and the state ' s behaviors in the deflationary environment, and studied the price fluctuations in the money angle, and finally summarized the causes of the deflation in our country, pointing out that over - investment is the main factor. several suggestions about setting up some institutional and physical infrastructure facilities are brought forward in the end

    本文所做的工作還包括對通貨緊縮環境中微觀經濟主體的反應以及政府（央行）的行為進行了分析，並從貨幣角度對物價變動和通貨緊縮的形成作了探討，最後對我國通貨緊縮形成的原因進行了總結，認為90年代初期以來過度投資造成的生產能力相對過剩是引起我國通貨緊縮的主要原因，而抑制高通脹的「雙緊」政策、亞洲金融危機的沖擊以及國內一系列重大改革措施的負面影響等原因，則在一定程度上提前、加劇或延長了我國的通貨緊縮。
  12. Holding a " zero - sum " logic in mind, they would not offer any inducement and even would refuse to bargain with the enemy, and diplomatic efforts would focus on establishing international coalitions for isolating instead of communicating with its enemy. they would heavily capitalize on coercive means to compel the enemy to comply with its demands

    危機期間一味使用強制性手段迫使對手接受己方提出的條件，不給對手任何承諾和利益誘導，甚至不惜發出最後通牒；討價還價和外交努力的著眼點在於獲得國際和國內支持，徹底孤立對手；一旦對手拒絕服從美方要求，美國則很可能憑借己方的絕對優勢訴諸武力解決危機。
  13. And market imperfection has the tendency, among other things, to disadvantage those with less market bargaining power

    市場的不完全競爭，亦往往會令討價還價能力較低的一群處于不利位置。
  14. The partners can have the bargaining power by holding the control power, which has a direct influence on how to solve the divarication of different strategies

    同時控制權力使股東擁有討價還價能力，這也直接影響了當各種策略產生分歧時該如何解決。
  15. But setting an arbitrary deadline of early 2008 for most of the soldiers to depart risks weakening america ' s bargaining power, intensifying instead of dampening the fighting and projecting an image of weakness that will embolden enemies everywhere

    但是武斷的設定2008年初為撤軍最後期限會冒減弱美國討價還價能力的風險，這將增強而不是抑制戰斗，並且造成一種鼓勵敵人的軟弱形象。
  16. Secondly, through the survey of expert and the methodology of key success factor ( ksf ), it concludes the concrete ksfs of air product and water processing facility product. the ksfs of air product : brand name, service assurance, marketing network, large scale economic production, r & d ; the ksfs of water processing facility product : quality management, r & d, service assurance and marketing network - thirdly, through the methodology of value chain and core competence embodied with defined key success factor and main success factor, this paper analyses and evaluates the internal environment. it points out that air product has these advantages such as quality management competence, r & d competence, service assurance competence, large scale production competence, and has these disadvantages such as marketing network, brand name, cost control

    本文首先運用pest分析法和波特的五種競爭力量模型，對奧神公司的臭氧空氣系列產品和臭氧水處理工程產品所處的宏觀環境、競爭狀況進行了分析和評價，認為奧神公司產品面臨著國家產業政策扶持、不斷增長的環保需求、人們對清潔空氣和潔凈水的需求增長等發展機會，也面臨著行業市場不規范、市場競爭激烈、用戶討價還價能力強等威脅；其次，通過專家調查，運用關鍵成功因素理論，分析得出臭氧空氣凈化系列產品市場的關鍵成功因素是品牌建設、服務保障能力、營銷網路建設、規模經濟水平、產品研發能力：臭氧水處理設備市場的關鍵成功因素是質量管理能力、研發創新能力、服務保障能力、營銷網路建設；再次，運用價值鏈理論、核心競爭力理論並結合所確定的關鍵成功因素和主要成功因素對奧神公司產品所處內部環境進行了分析，認為臭氧空氣凈化系列產品擁有質量管理能力、產品研發能力、售後服務保障力、規模生產能力的優勢，同時面臨著營銷網路建設、品牌建設、成本控制能力方面的劣勢。
  17. In each industry, the six forces have analyzed : potential new entrants, buyers, suppliers of key inputs, substitute products, availability of complements and rivalry among competing sellers

    每個行業分析了潛在的進入者及進入威脅、購買者討價還價的能力、供應商討價還價的能力、替代品的威脅、互補品和現有廠商的競爭等六個因素。
  18. It puts forward the new thoughts of supplier quality assurance and manufacturing capability evaluation for aviation enterprises in china regarding to the current management situation and problems in our aviation enterprises. the quality assurance requirement and evaluation outline suitable for chinese aviation enterprises is established based on the reasonable classification of suppliers. this paper also discusses the management mode for supplier evaluation and finally develops the management thoughts of the supplier root cause corrective actions for the technical and quality problems

    本文研究了國內外航空企業供應商質量保證和製造能力評價與控制的最新成果，針對我國航空企業管理現狀及問題，提出了我國航空企業供應商質量保證能力和製造能力評價的新思路，在對供應商合理分類的基礎上，建立適合中國航空企業的供應商質量保證要求和評審大綱；探討了供應商評價管理模式；最後還開發出了供應商技術質量問題根本原因糾正措施管理思路。
  19. The combination of campus net and project learning will fully reflect the principle of opening trait, inquiry trait, combination trait of project learning, and will finish the studying task of project learning better. the topic research emphasize the developing of the ability and awareness, not the study of some specific knowledge. by building physics project learning net in campus net, the website specially for the service of the project learning, we can finish the basic process from collecting materials exchanging ideas and discussion, determining the topic, carrying out the research evaluating the result and so on, and we can also develop the ability of the students collecting materials. combination of being united using the internet, and we can also lay the solid foundation for the real future science research. the students can determine the topic in physics project learning on their own, and they can communicate with the teachers and classmates conveniently and solve the contradiction between the traditional class - teaching mode and the project learning

    教育部採用的是狹義上的研究性學習，在高中物理進行研究性學習還處于探索階段，本文從目的、目標、特點、實施過程及案例做了階段性總結，它是實施素質教育，培養學生創新精神和實踐能力的一個重要方面，校園網與研究性課程的結合，將充分體現研究性課程學習的開放性、探究性、過程性、實踐性、合作性原則，較好地完成研究性課程的學習任務。課題研究主要著眼于這些能力與意識的培養，而不在於某項具體知識的學習。通過在校園網中建立「物理研究性課程學習網」這一專門為研究性課程學習服務的網站，能夠完成從收集資料、交流討論、確定課題、實施研究、成果評價等研究性課程學習的基本過程，並且能培養學生運用因特網收集資料、團結協作的能力，為將來開展真正的科學研究打好扎實的基礎。
  20. The promotion did n ' t arouse the enthusiasm of employees. on the contrary, it has become the capital of employees " bargains and draining. at the same time, restriction of contract did n ' t prevent the brain drain effectively

    對職工工薪及職位的提升不但沒有充分調動他們的積極性，反而成為職工對組織討價還價和跳槽的資本，合約制約亦未能有效阻止人力資源的流失。
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