訴訟結論 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [sùsòngjiēlún]
訴訟結論 英文
closing argument
  • 訴 : 動詞1. （說給人） tell; relate; inform 2. （傾吐） complain; accuse 3. （控告） appeal to; resort to
  • 訟 : 動詞1. （打官司） bring a case to court 2. （爭辯是非） dispute; argue
  • 結 : 結動詞（長出果實或種子） bear （fruit）; form （seed）
  • 論 : 論名詞（記錄孔子及其門徒的言行的「論語」） the analects of confucius
  • 訴訟 : [法律] lawsuit; litigation; legal action; judicial action; action
  • 結論 : 1 [邏輯學] （從推理的前提中推出來的判斷） conclusion （of a syllogism）2 （最後的論斷） conclusio...
  1. Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases

    第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。
  2. It consists of eight parts : from part one to part six the following are analysis and studies such as the definition and scope of products both at home and abroad, the definition and norms of judgement of the product defects, the imputation principle of pl, the subject of pl, the pl cause of counterplea, the compensation for damages of pl. etc. in part seven is a brief comparison between responsibility of quote and lawsuit limitation. and a conclusion is drawn from the above seven parts which will gives us some ideas about what we should learn and what will make it perfect for our pl

    第一部分至第六部分依次就中外產品責任法中產品的定義和范圍、產品缺陷的定義和判斷標準、產品責任的歸責原則、產品責任主體、產品責任的抗辯事由、產品責任的損害賠償進行了比較研究並就以上各方面我國產品責任立法必須完善之處分別在各部分進行了闡述；第七部分就產品責任訴訟中的舉證責任和訴訟時效進行了簡略的比較；結語部分就上述七部分我國產品責任法的可供借鑒之處和完善進行了結論性的綜述。
  3. On the basis of reviewing history and comparative study, this paper examines the system of trial by default in our country ; at the same time using foreign experiences for reference, combines the specific situations in our judicial practice, then raises a tentative idea to reconstruct the system of trial by default in our country : to build a system of trial by default making the doctrine of ex parte debate as main part and doctrine of trial by default as supplement part ; at the same time to perfect the legislative stipulations on standards of default determination, procedural applications and remedies of trial by ex parte debate and trial by default, examinations of evidence in trial by default, in pursuit of forming an intact system structure, giving full play to the functions of system of trial by default and fulfilling the value target of civil proceedings

    因此，加強對我國缺席審判制度的研究，具有重要的理論和實踐價值。本文在歷史回顧和比較研究的基礎上，對我國的缺席審判制度進行了審視；同時借鑒國外的經驗，並結合我國司法實踐的具體情況，提出了重構我國缺席審判制度的設想：建立一種以一方辯論主義為主體，缺席判決主義為補充的缺席審判制度；同時完善缺席的認定標準、一方辯論判決與缺席判決程序的適用與救濟、缺席審判中的證據審查等方面的立法規定，以形成一個完整的制度體系，充分發揮缺席審判制度的功能，實現民事訴訟的價值目標。
  4. The current public prosecution mode in our country took shape from the past whole case - examine mode in the base of the thinking to get ride of the drawbacks in the past. in practice, it has not only become effective and cause out a lot of new defaults, for example, the definition of the main evidence is not clear, the transfer range of the case files is unclear and the stipulate of the examine consequence is not enough. in order to reform and perfect the current public prosecution mode, we should regard the theory of the public prosecution as guide, combine our country ' s conditions, on methodology jump out of the circle relatively drawing lessons from the past, on the procedural theory, change the idea that the forejudge caused from the substantive examination and clarify the objective fact the current public prosecution include the essential substantive examination, in practice regard legitimacy, rationality and flexibility as the principle of law enforcement before the law to revise, in legislation define the concept of the main evidence clearly, add the regulation to dispatch the examine judge and the trial judge, regulate the treatment methods after examination and revise some rules about the summary procedure

    以公訴審查制度的訴訟理念為指導，結合我國的國情，對現行公訴審查模式的改革和完善，在方法論上跳出以往比較借鑒的圈子；在訴訟理念上改變過去庭審法官預斷必然緣于實體性審查的觀念，以澄清現行公訴審查模式包括必要的實體審的客觀事實；在實踐中以合法性、合理性和靈活性作為立法修改前的執法原則；在立法上明確界定主要證據的范圍是對證明犯罪是否成立起主要作用或有重要影響的證據，其中既包括有罪證據也包括無罪證據，增加規定公訴審查法官與正式庭審法官分立制度，補充規定對公訴審查后開庭審理之外的其它情況的處理方法以及對於人民法院在審理過程中發現不宜適用簡易程序的，取消原刑訴法應當按照一般公訴案件適用的普通審判程序重新審理的規定，改為由審理該案件的獨任審判員以外的審判員重新組成合議庭對該案件進行重新審理等。
  5. The third part of this article mainly discusses the causal relationship in market manipulation, which is a block of the enforcement of the law against market fraudulences. because market manipulation is a kind of special tort, the author agree on the use of the " proof to the contrary " theory to lighten the proof burden of the damaged party in causal relationship. besides, this part also discusses such issues as how to decide the scope of legal plaintiffs, how to assess the losses of the damaged party

    本文第三部分「操縱市場的因果關系研究」從民法一般的因果關系理論入手，並結合操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系的特殊性，論述了操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系是否成立的判斷標準，並主張對因果關系在民事訴訟中舉證責任的分配應突破「法律要件分類說」的要求，適用因果關系舉證責任倒置的做法，即由操縱市場案件中的被告負擔證明責任成立因果關系不成立的舉證責任，否則即推定因果關系成立。
  6. This paper gets following conclusion : first ： witness should be the people who know the fact and attest in the court or supply the evidence to the party or the court and the witness is different from the party and appraiser. witness should include unit and expert witness. but this paper does n ' t agree with the dual station in the litigation, but accept hearsay evidence

    本文得出的結論有以下幾點：第一：證人應該是指「了解案件事實，並出庭作證或向當事人及人民法院提供證詞的第三人」 ，區別于鑒定人，但把單位、專家證人納入我國證人的種類，對于訴訟中的雙重身份不予承認，但對于傳聞證據則予以採信。
  7. In the 2003 criminal procedure law amendment, medical literatures and cpgs are considered as exceptions of hearsay rules and can be used as evidence in the courts

    而隨著刑事訴訟結構引進了傳聞法則及其例外的規定，將學術著作及論文認定為傳聞證據的例外。
  8. In derivative suit, the articl e studied these issues : the parties, plaintiff ' s faith, right and obligation, demand requirement and the qualificatory request to plaintiff. security - for - expenses went gown very well with scholars, but the author does n ' t think so in view of actual facts in china

    在派生訴訟中，對當事人、前置程序、原告股東資格限制、對原告股東代表公正性的要求、原告股東的權利和責任等方面本文都一一討論並提出筆者自己的立法建議，但學者普遍接受的費用擔保制度筆者結合我國實際情況認為可暫不設立。
  9. Teleology of criminal procedure can be classified into three categories : theory of nature, theory of outcome and theory of means

    刑事訴訟目的學說可分為三類：自然論、結果論和手段論。
  10. How to use of the currently in effect criminal procedure expert testimony system in the normal way, administrative control expert testimony institution and office workers, amplify necessary rules and regulations of the actuating of expert conclusion 、 implement of expert conclusion 、 argumentation of expert conclusion 、 authentication of expert conclusion ; up to protect litigation rights of parties in action, get on the stick of administration of justice 、 successfully achieve an end of administration of reasonable judgment all along is the focal point of the work and difficult point in our expert testimony system structure. in this paper, coupling our current the present situation of criminal expert testimony, to perfect the legal system, to resolve the problems of expert testimony system, the writer tried to study some problems of giving some enlightenment to the theory and practice of judicial appraisal institution, relate and analyze it and set forth the views and opinions on the settlement of some matters with six parts

    本文從分析刑事司法鑒定及其程序入手，比較兩大法系關于刑事司法鑒定的啟動、實施、質證、認證與採信等司法證明各環節的制度規定，透視我國刑事司法鑒定程序存在的基本問題，在此基礎上提出:規定鑒定期限、對無鑒定結果不能進入訴訟或準司法程序的情況，當事人可以申請公證機關公證鑒定啟動程序的真實性和合理性、建立鑒定人出庭作證制度、裁判者對鑒定結論認證通過質證程序形成心證的過程及理由應做出公開說明等有利於我國刑事司法鑒定程序改革的具體構想。
  11. Therefore, based on the theories of procedure law, evidence law and forensic authentication, as well as in view of problems and actualities in practice, the introduction of this thesis sets its aim of writing, i. e. first, systematically summarizing the main contents on which expertise is reviewed and evaluated ; second, putting forward a constructive system of review and evaluation of expertise, which tends to be practical in judicial practice

    本文引言在吸收訴訟法、證據法和司法鑒定相關理論的基礎上，針對現實狀況和現存問題，結合自己的理解和思考確定了文章的寫作方向，即：以解決現實問題為基本出發點，著重對鑒定結論審查評斷的主要內容和司法實踐中的操作程序進行一個較為全面的總結和系統的制度設計。
  12. On the criminal proceeding structure of our country

    我國刑事訴訟結構論綱
  13. The second part of the paper focuses on the corporation iwa ' s protection of the legal interests the of corporations and some of their shareholddrs in interrelated transaction. lt also discusses the enaction and perfection of protective system of the legal interests of coiporations and some of their shareholders in interrelated transactions, through the analysis of the major measures adopted by different countries to protect corporations and some of their shareholders in interrelated transactions, such as, ratification system of shareholder conference, shareholder voting system, independent director system, thedominating shareholders " compensation system, shareholders " conference canceling system, shareholders " derivational lawsuit system

    因此，在本文第二部分中，著重討論了關聯交易中公司及公司少數股東合法權益的公司法保護問題。結合世界各國對關聯交易中公司及公司少數股東保護問題所採取的主要措施，如股東大會批準制度、股東表決權排除制度、獨立董事制度、控股股東賠償制度、股東大會決議撤消、無效之訴制度、股東派生訴訟制度等，對關聯交易時公司及公司少數股東合法權益保護制度的建立和完善進行了論述。
  14. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this thesis is divided into three parts. part i, in the overview of the object of extinctive prescreption, the author at first make a comparation between the extinctive prescreption and the limitation of action. then discards the limitation of action and use of uniform terminology the extinctive prescription

    本文除引言和結論外，共分三個部分，在第一部分消滅時效客體概述中首先通過對消滅時效與訴訟時效的對比，摒棄了訴訟時效的術語而統一使用消滅時效。
  15. These measures include : make the system of securities laws to perfect, consummate the institutions of the legal person in the listed companies, base securities regulatory authority to regulate the securities market according to law, maintain order of the securities market and ensure the lawful operation of the same, reinforce continuing disclosure of information and the system of financial and accounting reports, make the listed companies shall immediately submit an ad hoc report on the details of such major event to the securities regulatory authority and to the stock exchanging and the same known to the general public, promote investors consciousness of protecting themselves and consummate the civil litigation mechanism to gain compensation and damages, make use of the press to supervise the stock market and reinforce punishment to the persons who act securities fraud

    在這些原則的指導下，本文提出了一套規制證券欺詐的具體法律措施.包括健全證券法律體系，做到證券欺詐的規制有法可依;完善上市公司的法人治理結構，建立完善的證券監管體系，尤其對證券業協會的性質、功能和職責從法律上給予明確界定以確保充分發揮證券行業的自律作用，最大限強化信息披露責任，嚴格會計制度，力求信度地避免證券欺詐行為發生;強化信息披露貢任，產格會計刷度，刀水侶息準確，披露及時;增強廣大中小投資者的自我保護意識，完善賠償訴訟機制;依法賦予新聞媒體輿論監督權，充分發揮新聞媒體監督作用;深入研究證券欺詐者心理規律，加強法律懲治力度
  16. Judicial identification refers to a kind of acts of checking evidence, during the course of action ， in which an identifier with expertise appointed or invitated by judicial organs after the application of the parties or without the application, with scientific technological methods complying with the provisions of the criminal procedure law, draws a judgment conclusion. [ 1 ] judicial identification serves the acts of investigation, procuratoration, justice and execution and serve their acts of collecting, examing and checking evidence, which is a link in judicial acts

    司法鑒定是在訴訟過程中，對于案件中的某些專門性問題，按訴訟法的規定，經當事人申請，司法機關決定，或司法機關主動決定，指派、聘請具有專門知識的鑒定人，運用科學技術手段，對專門性問題作出判斷結論的一種核實證據的活動[ 1 ] 。司法鑒定是為偵查、檢察、審判、執行活動服務的，為其收集證據、審查核實證據，是司法活動中的一個環節或鏈條。
  17. In the part of analysis of advantages and disadvantages of presumption of knowledge, it analyses that presumption of knowledge favorably serves to distribute reasonably the responsibility of producing ? evidence, to realize impartiality and efficiency of procedural law and to satisfy the needs of reality and criminal policy. on the other hand, it provides theoretical preparation for prevention of risk by pointing out its disadvantages of the inaccuracy in the presumed results and the possibility of presuming negligence as knowledge

    「明知推定的利弊分析」部分，則分析了明知推定具有合理分配提供證據的責任，實現訴訟法之公正與效益價值，滿足現實需要與刑事政策需要等作用；同時也存在推定結果精確性有欠缺和疏忽大意過失可能被推定為明知等弊端，為防範風險提供理論準備。
  18. Theory of nature which includes crime mode and due process mode illustrates what kind of idea the criminal procedure should have based on the intense relationship between an individual and his nation. the theory of outcome which includes the family mode and double - end theory emphasizes the ideology of a subject on the outcome of the criminal procedure based on the ideal mode of the criminal procedure ; the theory of means which is represented as substantialism, theory of due process and theory of dispelling conflicts regards the criminal procedure as a means to realize the criminal law

    自然論以個人同國家緊張對立關系為基礎，闡釋刑事訴訟應具備何種價值理念，有犯罪控制模式和正當程序模式；結果論以刑事訴訟結果的理想模式為基礎，強調主體對于刑事訴訟結果的觀念形態，理論表現有家庭模式和雙重目的論；手段論則視刑事訴訟為實現國家刑法或刑罰權的工具，或為國家消解刑事沖突的一種手段，實體真實主義、正當程序主義和消解沖突論是其理論代表。
  19. From the view of the trial of law, our country ’ s civil procedure structure and trial committee and the trial class have some problems. so, it would be good to improve these systems

    文章的最後一個部分論述了法律審的實踐論，從法律審的視角來觀察我國審判委員會制度、訴訟結構和審級制度，並提出建構設想。
  20. The first party which is the concept of principle of efficiency explain that this article will apply the concept in two ways : the philosophical and the economical, and then emphatically points out that the principle of efficiency consists the economical reason of the criminal procedure and the economical reason of the procedure results

    第一部分為「效益的價值內涵」 ，指出本論文將在經濟與哲學兩層意義上使用「效益」一詞，並著重從哲學角度闡明了效益的價值內涵，即訴訟過程的經濟合理性與訴訟結果的合目的性。
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