負差效應 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fùchāxiàoyīng]
負差效應 英文
negative difference effect
  • 負 : Ⅰ名詞1 （負擔） burden; load 2 （虧損） loss 3 （失敗） defeat Ⅱ動詞1 [書面語] （背） carry on th...
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 效應 : [物理學] effect; action; influence
  1. Although no regular relationship between the modulus and v existed, it still could be shown that the good auxetic properties did exist in the polyolefin blends whose modulus differential was in the range from 800 to 1000 mpa between two phases

    模量研究結果表明組分的模量組成與共混體系的泊松比值並無有規律性的聯系，但兩相模量差在800一io00mpa范圍內體系呈現很好的負泊松比效應。
  2. This paper unfolds engineering disposition and theoretical research of negative temperature high performance concrete ( nthpc ) with the damage of many factors motivation, the project background based on qing - zang railway engineering, which is one of four - emphasized engineering during the tenth five - plan. due to the difference of environment of construction and service between nthpc and ordinary concrete, and therefore durability of nthpc is required to higher level. at a first, nthpc must avoid frozen damage at early age and possess anti - freezing property at later period, in order to meet engineering practicable application need, and this are two emphasized and difficult problems, as for nthpc ; by means of mechanism analysis about deicing - agent ingredient and anti - freezing at early period, adopting composite technique routine of mineral addition + anti - freezing element + water - reducer4 - air - entraining + anti - erosion of steel component etc, based on orthogonal experimental approach, fd - 1 composite functional admixtu re was manufactured, which has more property and orientation on qing - zang railway

    負溫混凝土由於和普通混凝土在施工環境及服役環境上存在的差異，因此表現為比普通混凝土更為較高的耐久性要求；負溫混凝土首先要避免早期的凍害以及具備長期抗凍性能，才能夠滿足工程實際應用的要求，這也是負溫混凝土必須解決的兩大技術關鍵；通過對目前常用防凍劑組分作用機理的分析研究及混凝土早期防凍機理探討，採用礦物外加劑+防凍組分+高效減水劑+引氣+阻銹組分功能復合的技術路線，通過正交試驗設計復配了適應青藏鐵路工程要求的專用多功能復合型外加劑fd - 1 ；並在此基礎上配製不同等級負溫高性能混凝土，開展一系列包括硫酸鹽侵蝕、氯離子滲透、抗凍融循環、收縮及耐磨性等耐久性能研究；通過對fd - 1組分和摻量的調整，優化負溫混凝土在施工特性、力學指標和耐久性三個方面的兼容、協調性。
  3. Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

    利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大
  4. The system parameters are developed at the same time, and some universal conclusions on the theoretical analysis of pll are reached. then, we have carried on analysis and research to the theory of differential delay ring voltage controlled oscillator ( vco ). on this basis, a improved differential delay ring vco with more efficient loads is described. this circuit has been designed and implemented in 0. 35 m cmos technology

    本文還對差分延遲結構環形壓控振蕩器電路進行了深入的分析與研究，並提出了一種基於高質量電阻電路的主從差分延遲結構環形壓控振蕩器，其採用了一種新型的主從差分延遲結構，並用一個更有效、更穩定的負載電阻電路結構來替代vco設計常使用的單個mos管電阻結構，使其系統穩定性有了相應提高。
  5. The paper analyzes the non - lineal relations of the quantity of heat exchange and water flux of coil exchanger in part - load operating condition, the shortage of deciding the water flux in bypass pipe, the disadvantage that the operating condition of pumps and chiller ca n ' t be met with the load change of the air conditioning system in different operating condition of using pressure - difference bypassing control in primary water pump system. using load control method in the change of the operating condition of primary water pump system can realize that the load change is small and reasonable in the on / off condition of pumps and m m chiller by comparing load control method in primary variable - flow water pump system with pressure - difference bypassing control method, back water temperature control method

    本論文從目前空調工程中使用的變流量水系統入手，研究了盤管換熱器在部分負荷下水流量與換熱量的非線性關系，分析了文獻中介紹的旁通管通流能力選擇的不足之處和一次泵水系統採用壓差旁通控制時，工況轉換不能滿足系統控制要求的缺陷；比較了一次泵變流量水系統中壓差旁通控製法、回水溫度控製法、負荷控製法的精確性，並得出了在一次泵水系統的工況轉換時，採用負荷控製法能使冷水機組及其相應水泵在啟停時的負荷變化范圍較小，更符合建築物的冷量需求，節能效果較好的結論。
  6. The main work and conclusion for this paper is as following : according to the flashover test results of several kinds of iced insulators under positive voltage and negative voltage, this paper obtained : for the single porcelain insulator, the single glass insulator and the composite insulator bridged completely by icicle, the metal cathode ' s strong ability of emission electron is the primary reason that results in the lower negative flashover voltage ; the position difference of the high resistance district in method anode side results in that porcelain insulator cluster and glass insulator cluster have an evident effect of polarity ; when less ice and no icicle at the brim of the sheds, due to numerous non - polar arcs on the composite surface, the effects of polarity of composite insulator was lost using the test method of the average flashover voltage in the freezing period, dc flashover performances were investigated of several insulators with some typical structures and different material

    本文的主要工作和結論如下：在人工氣候室內，根據不同覆冰絕緣子正、負極性下的閃絡試驗結果，得出負極性電弧金屬陰極的強電子發射能力造成了單片瓷、玻璃絕緣子及被冰凌橋接的合成絕緣子有較低負極性冰閃電壓；正極性電弧金屬陽極側產生高電阻區所處位置的差異使得瓷和玻璃絕緣子串具有明顯的極性效應；覆冰較少時，合成絕緣子表面出現數量較多的非極性電弧使合成絕緣子無極性效應。利用覆冰期內平均閃絡電壓的試驗方法，對不同材質和結構的絕緣子在覆冰、低氣壓和污穢共存環境中的直流閃絡特性進行了研究。試驗結果表明，直流平均閃絡電壓隨著海拔的升高、覆冰量的增加以及污穢度的增加而降低，且其特徵指數與絕緣子結構、覆冰量、覆冰狀態、污穢度等有關。
  7. The paper studies on the process of company tax harmonization in european union ( eu ) in the process from economic integration to political integration in the internal market, based on the analyses of the negative effect of 15 different national systems of company tax in eu

    本文探討了歐盟在經濟一體化到政治一體化過程中歐盟公司稅協調的提出，從不同角度分析歐盟成員國公司稅的差異所帶來的負面效應，著重介紹了歐盟在公司稅協調上提出的建議及取得的進展。
  8. Flux position & error in flux magnitude and error in torque are used as fuzzy state variables. fuzzy logic is used for choosing the switching state. a fuzzy logic controller can choose the switching states according to a set of fuzzy rules based on both specialists " experience and knowledge, which improves the response performance of the system effectively during start - up and change in load

    作為本文的一個創新點，針對普通的直接轉矩控制在給定轉矩躍變時反應較慢的缺點，提出了一種模糊控制器，把磁鏈位置、磁鏈誤差和轉矩誤差作為模糊輸入變量，應用模糊邏輯來確定逆變器的開關狀態，該模糊控制器根據一套基於專家經驗和知識的模糊規則來選擇開關狀態，從而有效地提高了系統在啟動和負載突變時的響應速度。
  9. Putting the potassium permanganate into the filter can improve its effect, the removal of organics and ammonia is increased, the influent concentration can satisfy the water reuse standard. but the turbidity of influent is unsatisfactory. the c / n ratio is the key factor to influence the nitrogen - removal of the anoxic / aerobic two - stage baf when the reflux ratio 、 hydraulic loading and the ratio of gas to liquid in aerobic filter are fixed. the anoxic / aerobic two - stage baf has a good removal of organics at different c / n ratio when the reflux ratio is 2, hydraulic loading is 2. 55m ~ 3 / m ~ 2 ? h and the ratio of gas to liquid in aerobic filter is 3 : 1. the influent concentration of organics is blow 7mg / l. from the beginning to 30cm of the anoxic filter, the removal of the organics is significant ; as the c / n ratio increasing, the influent concentration of ammonia is decreasing. when the c / n ratio is 3. 60, the enfluent concentration of ammonia is 3. 05mg / l which satisfies the water reuse standard. when the c / n ration is less than 3. 60, because of the imperfection

    迴流比為2 : 1 ，水力負荷為2 . 55m3 / m2 ? h ，好氧柱氣水比為3 : 1時試驗表明:不同的c / n （ 1 . 05 7 . 45 ）下，兩級曝氣生物濾池對有機物有很好的去除作用，出水有機物濃度小於7mg / l ，其中在缺氧柱進水端30cm內對有機物的去除最為明顯;隨著c / n的增加，系統出水氨氮濃度降低，當c / n為3 . 60時，出水氨氮濃度降到3 . 05mg / l ，已經滿足回用水的氨氮標準; c / n < 3 . 60時，因為缺氧柱的不完全反硝化，體系中硝酸鹽氮和亞硝酸鹽氮發生積累影響了好氧柱的硝化反應使氨氮降解效果較差;系統對總氮的去除隨著c / n的增加而增加，當c / n為3 . 60時，出水總氮已經降到11 . 18mg / l ，滿足回用水的要求。
  10. Melatonin has a simple chemical structure, but it plays a decisive role in bodily functions, monitoring the work of the glands and organs, and regulating hormone production. it also controls over - stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate, thus reducing the impact on the heart. it also alleviates mental stress, improves sleep, adjusts the body s biological clock, relieves jet lag, strengthens immunity, increases the body s resistance to germs and viruses, and prevents cancer and senile dementia

    褪黑激素的化學結構非常簡單，但是在人體內卻具有舉足輕重的作用：它監視著體內各種腺體器官的運作，指揮各種荷爾蒙維持在正常的濃度它可以抑制人體交感神經的興奮性，使得血壓下降心跳速率減慢降低心臟負擔它能夠減輕精神壓力提高睡眠品質調節生物時鐘緩解時差效應，而且具有加強免疫功能抵抗細菌病毒及預防癌癥老年癡呆癥等多種疾病的功效。
  11. An algorithm for detecting moving ir point target in complex background is proposed, which is based on the reverse phase feature of neighborhood ( rpfn ) of target in difference between neighbor frame images that two positions of the target in the difference image are near and the gray values of them are close to in absolute value but with inverse sign. firstly, pairs of points with rpfn are detected in the difference image between neighbor frame images, with which a virtual vector graph is made, and then the moving point target can be detected by the vectors ' sequence cumulated in vector graphs. in addition, a theorem for the convergence of detection of target contrail by this algorithm is given and proved so as to afford a solid guarantee for practical applications of the algorithm proposed in this paper. finally, some simulation results with 1000 frames from 10 typical images in complex background show that moving point targets with snr not lower than 1. 5 can be detected effectively

    基於運動點目標在鄰幀差分圖像中所具有的近鄰反相特徵，即運動點目標的兩個位置相鄰近、灰度值一正一負，提出一種在復雜背景下，基於紅外序列圖像的運動點目標檢測演算法.本演算法利用該特徵在鄰幀差分圖像中檢測反相點對，進而構造反相點對矢量圖，最後依據累積反相點對矢量圖中多矢量首位相接的連續性檢測出運動的點目標.文中給出並證明應用本演算法能以概率1檢測到運動點目標的收斂性定理.對典型復雜背景下10幅1000幀圖像的模擬結果表明，當信噪比大於或等於1 . 5時，可以有效檢測出運動點目標
  12. The simulation results show that the power factor and efficiency of lim are much lower than that of rotary induction motor due to end effect and big air gap of lim. end effect force has a great influence on the thrust of lim. the performance of lim can be improved with the proper secondary structure, small air gap, big goodness factor or heavy load

    結果表明:受邊端效應及大氣隙影響，直線感應電機功率因數及效率較低;運行狀態下的邊端效應力對電機推力有較大影響;設計電機時選用合適的次級材料、減小氣隙、增大品質因數、增加負載都可提升電機的輸出性能，通過設計有效的控制演算法可使電機在額定滑差下具有較高的運行效率。
  13. Firstly, the paper retrospects the development of eso and tries to probe into the theoretical field : the explanation of it ' s definition, the conclusion of it ' s characters, the comparison of eso and other stock inspiration system, followed by the analysis of it ' s theoretical basis and incentive effect ; meanwhile, the paper probes into the realistic situations of eso in usa and china in order to seek the regulation and draw the advantages and disadvantages ; to this part, the paper takes the following four items as the main barriers to eso ' s implementation in china : the over restriction of current law system, the low efficiency of the market, the poor corporate governance structure and a lack of a reasonable performance index system, and elaborately analyze the impacts of the obstacles on eso ; after the analysis made above, the paper gets down to taking some methods to solve the problems in accordance with the characteristic of the barriers. as far as the internal defects of the mechanism are concerned, the paper begins with the scientifically design of the key components, studying the aspects of bestowal, change, loss, the executive method and the executive time. then the paper focuses on designing a performance index system which is an essential part of eso, introducing the bsc to improve the present performance index system, under the reasonable guidelines resigning it at both the levels of company ' s and employee ' s levels. finally, as regards how to perfect the outside surrounding of eso, the thesis makes some suggestion

    本文首先回顧了股票期權制在國內外的發展及較為詳盡的分析了股票期權制度的相關理論：闡述了其涵義，特徵，理論基礎，激勵效應並於其他幾個較易混淆的股權激勵機製作逐一的比較，以進一步澄清人們對其的錯誤認識；同時，對股票期權制在美國和我國的現狀進行深入的實證研究，探求其內在規律，在肯定其成果時指出其不足；至此，筆者認為，我國上市公司要推行股票期權制度將主要面臨以下四類障礙：公司治理結構不完善、市場有效性差、現行法規體系不完善及缺乏客觀的業績考評指標體系，並詳細分析了各類障礙的現狀及對股票期權制的負面影響；在此基礎上，針對各類障礙的不同性質，著手探討消除這些障礙的措施：對于股票期權制內部的缺陷，本文先對各個關鍵要素進行科學設計，系統的剖析了贈與、變更、喪失、執行方式、股票來源等技術性問題，再以大量篇幅研究了如何構建出一套與實施股票期權制相配套的業績考核指標體系，引進平衡計分卡的思想對國內現有的指標體系加以改進，以一組合理的評價原則為指導，從公司及員工個人業績考評兩個層面上來設計該指標體系。
  14. There are many plants that have the character of time - varying, large delay, large inertia in the process of production of modern power station such as the superheated steam temperature, the reheated steam temperature, the water treatment of boiler and the load regulation. some of them have the strong character of nonlinear and some of them are multivariable coupling systems it is very difficult to obtain good effect of control by conventional pid control. it is necessary to set up the mathematics models of controlled plants if applying control means of modern control theory such as self - adaptive control, optimal control ， decoupling control and predictive control. and these control systems have large calculation and bad character of real time in general. these disadvantages make them be not able to meet the need of real production process and limit the application of them in modern power station. now the generator units are developing towards large capacity and high parameters. many new kinds of generating electricity means are coming into being. the characers of production units of power station become more and more complex but the demand to quality of control becomes more and more strict. the new control means are in bad need to control them effectively

    現代電站的生產過程中存在過熱汽溫、再熱汽溫、鍋爐水處理、負荷調節等許多大遲延、大滯后、特性時變的對象，它們中有些還是具有強非線性特性的對象或多變量耦合系統，採用常規的pid控制手段很難取得良好的控制效果。若應用現代控制理論中的自適應控制、最優控制、解耦控制、預測控制等控制手段，則需要建立被控對象的數學模型，而且往往控制系統的計算量大、實時性差。這些缺點使其很難滿足實際生產過程的需要從而極大地限制了其在現代電站中的應用。
  15. It is found during the cooling down in some local region that the normal stress difference varies from positive to negative and then turns positive again. the stress accumulates rapidly in the followed thermal treatment in this region, where the chip - on - board package tends to fail from

    在冷卻過程中某些局域正應力差的變化規律為：該差值從正值變到負值再回到正值，呈振蕩狀態；局域隨熱循環進行應力將急劇增加，即處于應力相對集中的狀態，這樣的區域是晶元易於失效的區域。
  16. It is approved that the deficiency level keeps relatively the lowest and the dielectric constant however shows the highest, if the contents of mn3 + and la3 + are comparatively the same. on the contrary, the dielectric constant decreases with increasing the contents difference of mn3 + and la3 + ions. the effect of overlap appeared when the dielectric loss was aroused due to the activation of positive and negative carries at certain temperature, which brought abnormally high dielectric loss

    證實了材料在mn ~ （ 3 + ）含量與la ~ （ 3 + ）含量相當時體系中產生的缺陷相對最少，其介電常數最大，反之隨兩者含量偏差的增大而下降；材料中由正負兩種局域載流子在一定溫度下激活過程中產生的損耗出現了迭加效應，給出了異常的高損耗值;材料中隨著mn摻量的增大，體系提供的3d電子數增多，電子輸運通道改善，導電性提高。
  17. To compensate the error originated from the non - ideal character of the si circuits, some novel structures based on the technology of negative feedback, fully differential, class ab, sni and other technologies to compensate the clock feed through effects are proposed and analyzed

    提出了應用負反饋技術、全差分技術、甲乙類技術、 s ~ 2i技術及鐘饋效應消除技術的各種加強電路結構，用以補償由開關電流電路非理想特性引起的各種誤差。
  18. A study on income distribution disparity of urban residents and its positive and negative effects

    城鎮居民收入分配差距問題及其正負效應研究
  19. First, the article analyzed and summarized the process income distribution change, elaborate the concrete performance, characteristic, development trend of income distribution in our country, analyzed the negative influence of income distribution gap expanding, because of the tax system and tax policy did not go effect, and emphasized the importance of tax adjustment and control ; second, analyze revenue from tax to adjust the fulfillment process of control the income allotment in our country, elaborate the main and self - contradict and existent key problem that control the income allotment by qualitative way. on this foundation, appraised effect of the adjustment and control of tax go income distribution, give some reasons from many angle for the weaken function of tax

    首先對我國收入分配實踐演變歷程進行分析與總結，闡述我國收入分配差距的具體表現、特徵以及發展趨勢，從收入分配差距擴大的根源分析中探討由於稅收制度與政策調控不力，對收入分配狀況惡化帶來的負面影響，並提出增強稅收調控收入分配效應的重要性;其次，分析我國稅收調控收入分配的實踐歷程，對我國稅收調控收入分配面臨的主要矛盾和存在的主要問題予以定性分析和闡述;在此基礎上，對我國稅收調控收入分配效應作出定量分析與評價，並針對我國稅收調控收入分配效應弱化問題，進行多角度的原因分析;最後，對我國稅收調控收入分配的對策，提出全方位重建構想。
  20. The institutional " deficit " between the two parties is bound t o bring about increased institutional frictions, to result in institutional interactions and to speed up the process of institutional convergence. however, the transitory phenomena of institut

    雙方的制度差距必將導致制度摩擦加劇，引發制度互動與制度趨同進程；但東擴伊始的短期「制度失范」現象和「負面同化」效應必將在制度互動進程中得到緩解，東擴后的制度趨同與制度創新也將是一個長期漸進、由量變累積至質變的過程。
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