貿易變動 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [màoyìbiàndòng]
貿易變動
英文
trade fluctuation-
Classifying agricultural products according to resource intensity of, the research choused and analyzed representative products of different types. by measuring international competitiveness of china ' s agricultural products, the thesis anatomies their changing trend, and analyzes some products which have comparative advantage but have n ' t competitiveness in the practice. on the basis of this analysis, the thesis carries through theory and demonstration research from four aspects, factor, demand, trade bulwark and rivals, and analyzes the reasons why these products " competitiveness became lower
研究通過對中國主要農產品的競爭力的測定，詳細剖析了我國近年來農產品競爭力的變動趨勢，對一些生產上具有比較優勢，而實際貿易中卻不具有競爭力的農產品進行了分析對比，在上述分析基礎上，研究將影響農產品國際競爭力的因素分為要素、需求、貿易壁壘和同業競爭四大類，並分別從各類因素入手進行理論和實證研究，分析這些農產品競爭力減弱或不具有競爭力的癥結所在。For the first time, the author puts forward that studying the function of foreign trade should consider both the plus and minus welfare that the foreign trade produce, tries to quantitate the minus welfare, and sets up theoretical model of foreign trade economic welfare. based on what it is studied above, the author discusses the critical point, ultimate point and fluctuant area of welfare that foreign trade produce
本文從福利經濟學角度對我國對外貿易所產生的經濟福利加以計量和研究，首次提出了將我國對外貿易所產生的正負福利結合研究的思路，嘗試量化我國對外貿易所產生的負福利，並初步建立了我國對外貿易經濟福利的理論模型，探討我國對外貿易所產生的經濟福利的臨界點，最值點及其變動區間。It is a dynamic and ever - changing system, which is determined by many complicated factors such as backland economy, various factors of container port, the changes in international industrial division and international trade and the development of transportation technology
集裝箱港口運輸體系處在一個動態的、不斷演變的過程中，影響集裝箱港口運輸體系演變的因素是復雜而多樣的，概括起來包括腹地經濟的發展、集裝箱港口條件及腹地運輸網路的變化、國際分工與貿易的主要變化、體制與政策的變化及航運公司發展戰略的調整等。In this article, firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced, thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks, how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk. so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory, which is the main content that we studied. firstly, the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes, performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric, and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad, as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree, and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty. from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed. involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied, and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk, the
本文首先介紹了中美、中歐紡織品貿易爭端的來龍去脈，由此可知在涉外貿易這種以高投入、高風險著稱的行業里，如何甄別和規避外貿風險、如何選擇合適的投資項目已經成為外貿企業的首要問題。因此，正文分別從統計學、博弈論和投資組合三種角度對涉外紡織品貿易公司風險進行了定性和定量的分析，這也是本文的主要研究內容。首先，統計學篇選取了深圳證券交易所行業分類指數?紡織服裝指數（ ti ）每一季度末的交易收盤價和若干種反映宏觀經濟變化的指標，利用計量經濟學中時間序列的協整檢驗、 granger因果檢驗和脈沖反應函數等理論做實證分析，從而得知反映國內物價水平和國內外經濟景氣程度的經濟指標對紡織板塊上市值的沖擊比較明顯，且可知沖擊程度和時滯度，進而分析出涉外紡織企業所面臨的宏觀經濟風險;接著，從博弈論的角度具體分析一家紡織品出口公司（ beauty ）的外貿活動所面臨的各種經營風險，該篇從博弈擴展圖入手，分析了出口目的國審查方式與本企業出口策略之間的制度安排;並圍繞雙方的利益分配，研究了有限回合和無限回合合作談判博弈，然後具體論述了國家責任和企業涉外經營風險等問題;在一定程度上為了實現投資多元化來分散風險的目的，投資組合篇從經典的markowitz模型著手，在一些特定條件的限制下，給出了一個相應的投資組合模型。Since 1979 china has signed a series of international environmental conventions and agreements, including the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora, international convention for the regulation of whaling, vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, basel convention on control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer ( revised version ), framework convention on climate change, convention on biological diversity, convention on combating desertification, convention on wetlands of international importance especially as waterfowl habitat, and 1972 london convention
中國自1979年起先後簽署了《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》 、 《國際捕鯨管制公約》 、 《關于保護臭氧層的維也納公約》 、 《關于控制危險廢物越境轉移及其處置的巴賽爾公約》 、 《關于消耗臭氧層物質的蒙特利爾議定書（修訂本） 》 、 《氣候變化框架公約》 、 《生物多樣性公約》 、 《防治荒漠化公約》 、 《關于特別是作為水禽棲息地的國際重要濕地公約》 、 《 1972年倫敦公約》等一系列國際環境公約和議定書。In this section, the paper mainly analyses such important requirements as " not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, of a disguised restriction on international trade " x " necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health " ^ " relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources ", " made effective in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption "
在該部分中，本文重點分析了「不構成任意或無端的歧視，或國際貿易的變相限制」 、 「為保護人類、動植物生命或健康所必需」 、 「與養護可枯竭自然資源相關」 、 「與國內生產或消費一起限制」等幾個重要條件。This hemp rope is organic, fair trade, and processed with allergen free and animal free oils
這條大麻繩索是有機，公平的貿易，並且任意處理與變態反應原和動物任意上油。Alter having analyzed the current situation of the nation ' s chemical external trade, the problems and challenges stemmed from the change of exporting product structure, advices and countermeasures of how to deepen the innovations of external trade system, largen the competition entities, update the operating ideas have been put forward which are in order to promote the development of the nation ' s chemical external trade
摘要對當前我國化工工業對外貿易的現狀，以及出口產品結構變化所面臨的問題和挑戰進行深入分析，提出了如何深化外貿體制改革，壯大競爭主體，更新經營理念等建議和對策，以推動我國化工對外貿易的發展。When the middle east is ablaze, oil prices near record highs, the american economy cooling and the climate warming, it is hard to get excited about the beaching of trade talks
中東狼煙四起、油價逼近記錄，美國經濟趨冷，全球氣候變暖，值此時刻，貿易談判又擱淺了，而人們不再因此而群起而動。The main topic of this dissertation was the management element allocation of agricultural enterprises ( meaae ) from the theoretical study and empirical study, and put forward the allocation system, which included the strategy decision - making institution of agricultural enterprises, property right institution, the allocation institution of human resources, optimized market institution, law, investment and financing institution, the function change of government under the background of changing market at home and abroad after china " entry to wto. the dissertation analyses the problems of lower allocation efficiency in agricultural operation such as : lower liquidity of management element, the separate management, small - lot production, the influence of the new agricultural management element to agricultural economy, the lag of allocated system and model for agricultural enterprises management element based on the producing ability and economic base that were formed during twenty years of agricultural reform and d evelopment.
本文以我國加入世界貿易組織后引發的國內外市場環境變化為研究背景，立足於我國農業改革發展二十多年形成的生產能力和經濟基礎，針對我國農業經營中存在的經營要素缺乏必要流動、經營要素分散、細碎化配置等引起低效率配置問題，以及新型農業經營要素對農業經濟的影響和農業企業經營要素配置機制、模式等研究嚴重滯后的現狀，從理論和實證兩方面系統研究了不同類型農業企業經營要素配置制度，提出了以農業企業戰略決策制度、產權制度和人力資源配置制度為主要內容，配套優化市場制度、法律制度、投融資制度及政府職能轉換等外部環境的農業企業經營要素配置制度體系。In times of cold war, in order to confront, weaken and defeat soviet union and its east european followers and win the victory of cold war by decomposing the socialist camp and uprooting the so - called threat from communism, the usa government worked out a pyramidical system of miscellaneous strategies, including checking strategy, new look strategy, peace strategy, detente strategy, ultra - checking strategy, trade surveillance strategy, peaceful evolution strategy, large scale retaliation strategy, flexible reaction strategy, realistic threatening strategy, and concealed movement strategy
摘要冷戰期間，美國政府為了對抗、削弱並擊潰蘇聯東歐集團，鏟除所謂共產主義威脅，制訂並實施了諸如遏制戰略、新面貌戰略、和平戰略、緩和戰略、超越遏制戰略，以及貿易管制戰略、和平演變戰略、大規模報復戰略、靈活反應戰略、現實威懾戰略、隱蔽行動戰略等一系列名目繁多、行色各異的戰略，形成了一個金字塔般的戰略體系。Regards as the major part of international trade, intra - industry trade is going to be the tendency of the foreign trade with the growing of economy. through the analyze of various beneficial results together with the growth in intra - industry trade and the change in industrial structure, this thesis uses the theories concerned with intra - industry trade, including economies of scale, imperfect competition, product differentiation, product - cycle hypothesis, etc. ; point out the tendency of international trade ; and show the possibility and essentiality of the development of intra - industry, in our country
本文通過對產業內貿易各種經濟福利效應的分析，結合我國產業內貿易的發展，以及產業結構的變化，運用產業內貿易中的相關理論，包括規模收益遞增理論、不完全競爭理論、產品的差異化理論、產品生命周期理論等等，指出產業內貿易是我國國際貿易發展的方向，同時也對我國產業結構的升級起著一定的推動作用，從而說明我國發展產業內貿易的可能性和必要性。The main body of the dissertation is from the second section ( the first chapter ) to the fifth section ( the fourth chapter ), which firstly discusses the evolvement of american economic recovery policy toward japan and argues that the economic recovery policy toward japan was the inevitable result which the united states pursued her global containment strategies, with the changes of the international situation and the economic conditions in japan, the u. s. regarded japan " s accession to gatt gradually as the most important objective of the economic recovery policy toward japan ; secondly explains in detail that the u. s. fought up against the old guard in congress persistently in order to win the authorization from reciprocal trade agreements act ( rtaa ) so as to conduct the crucial tariff negotiations with japan, and emphasizes mainly that the executive had to seek for the balance between the national interest and oversea interest because of the strong forces of the domestic protectionism group, but made efforts to make foreign economic policy which is favourable to the latter because of the need of the cold war strategies ; thirdly analyzes the basic contents of u. s. - japanese tariff negotiations briefly and summarizes the results of the negotiations, and considers that under a large number of concession which the u. s. made in the negotiations, the japanese could change american political and strategical interest into the japanese trade interest and became the main winner ; fourthly researches mainly british diplomatic policy towards japan " s accession to gatt and american reaction to the policy and influence on it, and american roles in
第二部分（第一章）至第五部分（第四章）是論文的主體部分，首先論述美國對日經濟復興政策的演變歷程，提出美國對日本的經濟復興政策是美國推行全球冷戰戰略的必然結果，隨著國際形勢和日本經濟狀況的變化，美國逐漸將推動日本入關視為對日經濟復興政策的最重要目標；其次詳細闡述為了獲得《互惠貿易協定法》的授權，以便與日本進行重要的關稅談判，美國政府和國會保守派持續不斷地作斗爭，重點強調，鑒于國內貿易保護主義勢力的強大，行政部門不得不尋求國內利益和海外利益的平衡，但同時出於冷戰戰略的考慮，又盡量使對外經濟政策向後者傾斜；第三，扼要分析美日關稅談判的基本內容，並總結關稅談判的結果，認為美國政府在談判中對日本政府所做的大幅度讓步，使得日本人能夠將美國的政治、戰略利益轉化為日本的商貿利益，從而成為談判的最大贏家；第四，重點研究英國對日本入關的外交政策和美國對該政策的反應、施加的影響，在國際斗爭中美國為日本入關而發揮的作用以及日本人自己做出的努力，指出雖然在美國施加的強大壓力下，英國政府最終同意日本成為關貿總協定的成員國，但是它依然以國家利益為重，對日本援引關貿總協定第35條，不給予其商品最惠國待遇。 」The elimination of trade barriers with the region can boost productivity even if trade patterns are not changed.
貿易壁壘的排除可以刺激勞動生產率的提高，即使在貿易結構沒有改變的情況下也會如此。Influence of chinese factors on change in world trade situation
世界貿易格局變動中的中國因素及其影響International trade theory discusses the cause, the distribution of welfare and the structure of international trade and specialization
國際貿易理論是探討國際貿易與分工發生的原因、貿易利益、貿易格局變動的理論。It had commerce channel and organizations of itself, and embodied the infection on the silk export quantity, value and price, which from the seasonal change of the silk undertaking and the supply and demand law in international market. in the backside of silk commerce some fuse elements such as the price of silver and exchange between different money
考查其內在要素，粵絲出口擁有自己的貿易渠道和組織；量值和價格變化體現出蠶絲業自身季節性變化和國際市場上供求規律的影響；在絲綢貿易的背後，銀價、匯兌等成為出口市場波動的支配性因素。A significant factor in this shifting world economy is the trend toward regional trading biocs of nations, which has a potentially large effect on the evolution of the world trading system
這一變動的世界經濟的一個重要特徵即為組建地區間貿易集團的趨勢，這對世界貿易體制有極大的潛在影響。First of all, i summarize the forecast model category and estimate each model in detail, then, i adopt different model to forecast demand, supply, bdi of bulk shipping market. as to demand forecast, i mainly focus on the imitating precision of primitive data, adopt grey forecast model, self - suited filter model separately, and then compose these models as a better one. as to supply forecast, i use econometrics model to describe the complicated relationship of demand, supply, bdi, gnp etc. as to bdi, i try to draw into market integrated factor, describe the relationship of bdi, supply, capacity, speed, rate of oil, navigating capital etc. then finally, i make afterwards evaluation of these models and then analyze future bulk shipping market in detail
對于需求預測，著重考慮對原始數據的擬合精度，經過模型比較優選論證，分別採用了灰色一階模型，改進的灰色二階、自適應過濾預測的加權組合模型，得到了相當高的擬合精度；對于供給預測，運用計量經濟模型對供給、需求、運價、 gnp 、進出口貿易額等多變量之間復雜的相互關系進行動態模擬，定量的反映出各變量之間的因果關系；對于運價預測，嘗試引入市場綜合因數概念，化繁為簡，通過描述運價與運力供給、載重噸、油耗、航速、燃油價格、航行成本等等諸多因素的關系來進行預測。These analyses showed that : ( 1 ) under the exoteric conditions, foreign trades could change the industrial structure of the country by affecting the status of the factor endowment
研究表明： （ 1 ）在開放經濟條件下，對外貿易活動通過使要素稟賦優勢發生變動並自我強化，可以內生地改變一國產業結構，從而影響國內各市場的出清狀況。分享友人