趨中效應 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [qūzhōngxiàoyīng]
趨中效應 英文
central tendency error
  • 趨 : 動詞1. （快走） hasten; hurry along 2. （向某個方向發展; 趨向） tend towards; tend to become
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 效應 : [物理學] effect; action; influence
  1. In this paper, based on land use maps of 1976, 1988, 2003, which were interpreted from the landsat mss / tm / etm imageries, and the map of main road, with the buffer analysis tool in arcgis 8, we studied the land use and land cover change on the two sides of the main roads in xishuangbanna, then we studied the impact of population density and the topographic factor on road effects. during the study both the comprehensive land use dynamic degree model and the land use degree comprehensive index model are taken into account, we put forward a compensatory model ? “ amendatory comprehensive land use dynamic degree model ”

    由於人類活動干擾強度加大，公路效應深度不斷擴展， 1976年為5km ， 1988年為7km ， 2003年達到11km ;受自然、社會條件的影響，不同路段的公路效應存在較大差異，甚至同一路段兩側效應也各不相同。 1976年至2003年，距公路不同距離范圍內的人口密度都在增加，且距離公路越近，人口數量密度越大、增長越快，人口分布有向公路兩側聚集的趨勢。選取人口密度為大、中、小三個樣區分別分析公路效應的范圍表明，人口密度
  2. Furthermore, the dq value ranges of profile multifarctal spectra in different landform types and in different directions of the same sections perform different properties and anisotrpies. it can be concluded that the landscape fractal properties depends closely on the int ensity, manner and inhomogenity of exogenic and inogenic processess, and with the properties, we can study quantatively the dynamic geomorphic process. by using the same methods just above, local fractal dimensions d, crossover length tc and the multifractal spectra dq - q of two large - scale landform profiles ( across and along tianshan mountain ranges respectively ) are calculated. the results show that in the studied scaling range the two profiles perform different scaling properties, and both of them can be divided to three evident different linear scaling subsections

    不同類型地貌區二維地貌表面也表現出多度域分形特徵，而且隨著觀測尺度的增加，每個區間的分維值均表現為依次減小，表明外營力作用的影響逐漸被內營力作用所取代：不同類型地貌區在相應區間的分維值表現為高山區中低山區盆地區，體現了不同類型地貌表面粗糙性或復雜性的差異，因此分維值大小可作為地貌表面外營力侵蝕作用強度的重要指標：利用標度區的間斷點和各種地貌類型表面分維值或宏觀效應趨於一致，提出5 - 6km左右可作為地貌的宏觀臨界點，並且與利用地貌剖線研究所得到的5km這一數值是基本吻合的。
  3. Collisonal quantum interference ( cqi ) was observed in the intramolecular rotational energy transfer in the experiment of the static cell, and the integral interference angles were measured. to observe more precise information, the experiment in the molecular beam should be taken, from which the differential interference angle can be obtained precisely. in this paper, the theoretical model of cqi is described in an atom - diatom system in the condition of the molecular beam, based on the first - born approximation of time dependent perturbation theory, taking into accounts the anisotropic lennard - jones interaction potentials. the method of observing and measuring correctly the differential interference angle is presented. the changing tendencies of the differential interference angle with the impact parameter, velocity, and et al. are discussed

    分子內部轉動傳能的靜態池實驗觀察到了碰撞量子干涉效應（ cqi ） ，並且測得積分干涉角，為了獲得更加精確的分子內部轉動傳能的碰撞量子干涉效應信息，實驗就必須要採用分子束實驗進行.本文理論上採用各項異性相互作用勢，應用含時微擾理論的一級波恩近似，假想在分子束實驗的條件下，建立在原子-雙原子分子體系中碰撞量子干涉的理論模型.理論上推導出微分干涉角具體表達式，通過計算定性地討論了微分干涉角隨著碰撞參數、速率等的變化趨勢，同時初步探討了實驗的正確觀測途徑，得出了採用分子束進行實驗觀測的實驗方法，為進一步進行分子束實驗提供了理論基礎，對實驗的進行起到了一定的借鑒作用
  4. The high permeability of the ferromagnetic reeds in a reed relay causes a pronounced skin effect with increasing signal frequency

    干簧式繼電器中鐵磁簧片的高磁導率會隨信號頻率的增加而產生很強的趨膚效應。
  5. On the other hand the information cryptogram technology and card identification of 1c appl ication system are also introduced. a novel fingerprint image preprocessing method is studied based on the trend of fingerprint veins, and some feature extraction and fingerprint matching methods based on fingerprint minutia based on a novel multi - fitness genetic algorithm ( mfga ) are also studied

    在分析了國內外指紋識別理論研究的基礎上，研究了一種基於指紋紋線趨勢的指紋圖象預處理方法並取得了較好的模擬效果；研究了遺傳演算法在指紋模式匹配中的應用，針對遺傳演算法在模式匹配的局限性，提出了一種多適應度遺傳演算法（ mfga ） ，並在此基礎上對原遺傳匹配演算法做了進一步的改進。
  6. No matter in theory or in practice is it significant for china to succeed in adjusting and making imports and exports policy forest products in accordance with the market economy of china. with scientific policy theory, comparative economics theory, sustainable development theory, international trade theory and game theory for the theoretical foundation, this dissertation has analyzed and compared the development course of the imports and exports policy of forest products in the world. it has expounded the imports and exports current situation of the forest products in china and comparative advantages of products foreign trade of forest

    本文以政策科學理論、比較經濟學理論、可持續發展理論、國際貿易理論和博弈論為理論基礎，分析和比較研究了世界森林產品進出口政策的發展歷程；剖析了中國森林產品的進出口現狀及其森林產品進出口貿易的比較優勢；通過比較分析一些國家和地區的森林產品關稅政策措施的趨同性和差異性，指出了森林產品進出口政策中關稅的「多元化效應」 。
  7. The study on the characteristics of development and seed setting of different spikelet and floret positions was important for the realization of big - spike - cultural - goal with more spikelets and grains. with both the winter type ( wv ) and spring type ( sv ) varieties sown at different dates, it was found that the greater seed setting capacity of spikelets resulted in more grain number of spike. the trend of differences in grain weight per spikelet between the different sowing dates and varieties was similar to that of grain number. the correlation between the average grain weight of middle spikelets and lower spikelets and the grain weight per spike was highly significant. the environmental changes resulted from different sowing dates mainly effected the middle spikelets development, even though the differences between wv and sv were represented in every spikelet positions. the grain weight on the second floret position was most sensitive to the development status of wheat plant and environmental changes, and could represent the yielid potential of the whole spikelet. the results showed that the enhancement of seed setting of the middle spikelets ( from 5th to 15th ) and the grain development from the first to third floret positions was a key to realize big - spike and grain

    確定小麥不同小穗位和小花位發育與結實特性是實現大穗多粒的重要前提.本文通過對冬、春性小麥品種分期播種試驗得出，較高的小穗結實力是增加穗粒數的重要因素.不同播期、品種之間，小穗粒重和粒數呈現相同的變化趨勢.中部以及基部小穗粒重與穗粒重之間呈高度正相關.體現環境差異的播期效應以對中部小穗發育的影響為主，而冬、春性品種的基因型差異可反映在各個小穗位上.第2小花位的子粒發育狀況反映整個小穗的生產能力.結果表明，促進中部優勢小穗（第5 15小穗）結實和第1 3小花位子粒發育是提高小花結實率和穗粒重的關鍵
  8. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  9. The self - poisoning effects of chinese fir plantation are studied through the seed germination experiment with the extracts of organs, bulk soils and rhizosphere soil of different rotation plantations. the results are as follows : there are some poisonous substances inhibiting germination of chinese fir seeds in soils of chinese fir plantations. the inhibiting effect becomes stronger and stronger with increase of planting generations. extracts from the organs of chinese fir trees also have some inhibiting effects on seed ' s germination, but the effect of leaf is the strongest. lower concentration extracts of underground vegetation may be favorable to the seed ' s germination whereas the higher concentration will reverse the results. it indicates that the “ self - poisoning ” effects of chinese fir plantations might be one of the reasons for poor natural regeneration and soil degradation of chinese fir plantation

    利用不同栽植代數杉木人工林根際土、非根際土及杉木各器官浸提液進行杉木種子發芽試驗，研究杉木人工林自毒作用，研究結果表明：杉木林根際土及非根際土中均存在抑制杉木種子萌發的物質，隨栽植代數增加抑制作用更趨明顯；杉木各器官浸提液對杉木種子萌發也有抑制作用，其中以杉木葉的抑制作用最為明顯，杉木林下常見植物對杉木種子發芽則表現為低促高抑效應，說明杉木人工林存在自毒作用，這可能是杉木連栽障礙的原因之一。
  10. Abstract : in this paper, the major problems in water resources, flood and drought, and water environment in china are analysed, and new subjects of study on hydrology are pointed out, including the uncertainty of hydrological phenomena, the effect of human activities on hydrology, the calculation of water level frequency, the optimum effcet of water resource development and utilization, the analysis of water supply and demand, the mechanism of water - saving agricultural irrigation, flood and drought prevention, etc

    文摘:從水資源開發利用與保護、水旱災害防治等方面論述中國當前存在的主要水問題：水危機和水浪費同時存在、水污染日趨嚴重、防洪減災任重道遠、生態環境破壞嚴重、全球氣候變暖產生不利影響；進而論述水文學研究面臨的新課題：水文現象的不確定性、人類活動對水文的影響、水位頻率計算、水資源開發利用的最佳效應、水資源供需分析、農業節水灌溉機理及水旱災害的防治，並指出必須加強對這些新課題的研究
  11. Sparedescription : in this paper, the major problems in water resources, flood and drought, and water environment in china are analysed, and new subjects of study on hydrology are pointed out, including the uncertainty of hydrological phenomena, the effect of human activities on hydrology, the calculation of water level frequency, the optimum effcet of water resource development and utilization, the analysis of water supply and demand, the mechanism of water - saving agricultural irrigation, flood and drought prevention, etc

    描述:從水資源開發利用與保護、水旱災害防治等方面論述中國當前存在的主要水問題：水危機和水浪費同時存在、水污染日趨嚴重、防洪減災任重道遠、生態環境破壞嚴重、全球氣候變暖產生不利影響；進而論述水文學研究面臨的新課題：水文現象的不確定性、人類活動對水文的影響、水位頻率計算、水資源開發利用的最佳效應、水資源供需分析、農業節水灌溉機理及水旱災害的防治，並指出必須加強對這些新課題的研究
  12. When the frequency approaches zero, the factor approaches zero correspondingly ; 2 ) the amplitude of interaction factors changes with the incident angle of rayleigh waves and reaches maximum when is zero. moreover, with the increase of, the wave period shortens apparently ; ( 3 ) the amplitude of interaction factors decreases as the pile spacing increases and approaches to zero when the pile spacing is 15 ; 4 ) the amplitudes of interaction factors increase clearly with the increasing stiffness ratio of pile to soil ; 5 ) the lat eral seismic response of fixed - head pile groups is much smaller than that of free - head pile groups. moreover, the pile - group effects induced by rayleigh waves can be neglected ; 6 ) the lateral seismic response of piles at different location differs from each other

    得到了以下結論： 1 ）樁的相互作用因子隨頻率呈周期性變化，在振動頻率比較低的情況下，樁的橫向相互作用因子也較低，當頻率趨近於零時，相互作用因子也趨近於零； 2 ）樁的相互作用因子的幅值隨瑞利波入射角度的變化而變化，在= 0情況下幅值最大，且隨入射角度的增加，波動的周期明顯縮短； 3 ）樁的相互作用因子的幅值隨著樁與樁間距的增加而減小，至s d = 15時，樁的相互作用因子基本趨近於0 ； 4 ）在頻率比較低時，相互作用因子幅值隨樁土相對剛度比的增加而顯著增加； 5 ）樁頂固接可以有效地降低群樁的橫向地震響應幅值，由瑞利波產生的群樁效應可以忽略不計； 6 ）群樁中不同樁位的樁的橫向地震響應是不同的，每根樁所在的樁位對其橫向地震響應有很大的影響；刀樁數的增加並不能減小樁的橫向動力響應。
  13. The studies expressed that the tensile - strength declined with the growth of dose rate after the radiation treatment, and at the same time, the gel content had extreme value with the change of the dose rate. the surface of uhmwpe fibers showed some irregular micro - pits and dents after radiation treatment, narnely rough degree increasing. their number and deepness increased with increase of dose. and this phenomenon is the most obvious when the dose rate was 8. 5kgy / s and the dose was 400kgy. at the same time some containing oxygen groups, including hydroxyl group, carbonyl group and carboxyl group, were introduced into the fiber surface which was exposed to the air

    研究表明， uhmwpe纖維經電子束輻照處理后，纖維的拉伸斷裂強度隨劑量率的增加呈下降趨勢，凝膠含量隨著劑量率的變化存在極值。纖維表面出現了不規則的微裂紋和凹痕，隨著劑量的增大，電子束對纖維表面的刻蝕程度增加，在本研究中以劑量為400kgy劑量率為8 . 5kgy s時刻蝕效應最為明顯。同時，在空氣中進行輻照時，纖維表面被引入了一些含氧基團，包括羥基、羰基和羧基。
  14. As well - known, there is an induced current on the surface when metal material is in the high frequency electromagnetic field, since tending to skin heating effect to make the temperature of metal material surface go up promptly, surface beginning melt when temperature reaches the melting point of metal, metal material is heated up continuously by surface to core till the metal droplet of melting

    自懸浮定向流技術制備金屬納米微粒與一般的蒸發冷凝法有所不同，其原理是：金屬材料在高頻電磁場中產生表面感生電流，由於趨膚加熱效應使得金屬材料表面的溫度迅速升高，當溫度達到金屬的熔點時表面開始熔化，通過熱傳導作用金屬材料由表面到芯部不斷加熱直至熔化成金屬液滴。
  15. In this modulator, coplanar strips ( cps ) are used as electrodes for they support balance mode propagation of microwave, and this is a desired merit for common optical modulator. due to the miniaturized dimensions, the metallization thickness is in the order of skin depth and the conductor losses are not negligible

    雖然由於金屬的趨膚效應，電場將集中在金屬表面，但在40g以上的頻率條件下，金屬的厚度和趨膚深度在一個量級，而且此時調制器帶寬受到限制的最大根源來源於金屬電極的微波損耗。
  16. Based on the practical condition of the heating distribution network in beijing city, this paper systematically discusses the application of the neural network in the field of heating burden prediction and dispatching, include : based on city heating system, systematically analyzing the current condition of the heating system in our city and the development of the international heating technique, discussing the tendency in the field of the domestic heating system. at the same time, constructing a heating model characterized by distribution, ranking structure, intelligentized and favorable practicability and reliability, which adapts to the situation of our city and greatly enhances the level of automation and energy saving

    本文從北京市供熱管網的實際出發，系統地討論了適合我市實情的神經網路技術在供熱管網預測和調度中的應用研究，主要進行了如下幾個方面的工作：以城市供熱系統為對象，綜合分析了我市集中供熱的現狀，結合當前國際供熱技術的發展，分析了我市集中供熱的發展趨勢，並提出了一種適合我市實情的供熱模型，該模型具有分散式、遞階結構、智能化以及良好的實用性和可靠性等特點，可極大提高集中供熱的自動化水平和節能效果。
  17. Computer aided design ( cad ), is a kind of modern design technology that helps designers to finish production design assignment speediness, high speed, high quality, low cost. the application of cad of our country is at primary prevalence stage, and at the same time faces to the challenge of global networking and informationing. the developing requirement of users puts forword new requests of the cad production, software enterprise and application level. users not only require integration cad / cae / cam / capp / pdm and so on, but also puts forword the request on the aspect of deleveloping software, that is the same essentiality of convenience of users and intelligentize, functionality, leveling. on this developing tendency, put forword " the research and development of the object - oriented intelligentize cad system ", by conceiving a opening, applied, object - oriented cad system, realize the intelligentizing of designing parts, to provide effective measure of integration of information. and aims to push the application of cad technology at home and the application of advanced design technology in modern manufacturing

    我國cad應用基本還在「甩圖板」階段，即初級普及cad階段，同時又面臨著全球網路化、信息化新的挑戰，用戶未來的發展需求對我們現在cad產品、軟體企業和應用水平都提出了新的要求，用戶不但要求集成cad cae cam capp pdm等一系列配套軟體產品，在軟體的開發方面提出了用戶方便性和軟體智能化與功能性並重的要求。在這種發展趨勢之下，我們提出了「面向對象的智能化cad系統的研究與開發」 ，通過構建一個開放的、實用的、面向對象的智能cad框架，實現企業零件設計的智能化，並為企業提供了信息集成的有效手段，以推進cad技術在國內的進一步應用和先進設計技術在現代製造業中的應用。
  18. At the soonest approach concerned the theoryon after liberation was producer goods precedence growth, two greater part proportional relation and others, present research tend to industrial structure fluctuant resource allocation effect, industrial policy, traditional industry ' s adjustment and quantification research. industry organization theory is based on microeconomics, orthodox industry organization theory ' s basic feature is scp analyses paradigm, primary school has harvard as well as non - mainstream ' s chicago school, innovation school and neo - austrian school. hotspots in our country recent years are enterprise size, industrial concentration, market structure, as well as relation to performance, entering and exit mechanism and industrial system policy. this article takes over evolutionary economics ' s analytical approach to analyse institution and technology change, which may affect manufacturing industry, and using evolutive viewpoint to research competition, regional cooperation. based on industrial economics ' s theory, the artical puts forward that manufacturing industry take the leading function in economic structure transformation, manufacturing industry ' s laging is maxima drawback for the agro - industry change, and others

    產業結構理論早在威廉?配第的著作中已有論及，要點是產業間的相對收入差異導致勞動力的部門流動；后來又有關于勞動力在三次產業間移動趨勢的研究，產業結構演替規律的分析，工業化過程與后工業化社會，工業結構的高加工度、高技術化及產業結構軟化等問題的研究，我國建國後有關的理論最早探討生產資料優先增長、兩大部類比例關系等，目前的研究則趨于對產業結構變動的資源配置效應、產業政策、傳統產業調整進行定量化研究。產業組織理論以微觀經濟學為基礎，正統的產業組織理論的基本特徵是scp分析範式，主要有哈佛學派和芝加哥學派、新制度學派和新奧地利學派。
  19. In view of the progress of mr techniques and automotive suspension techniques, some mr damping techniques for automotive suspension systems, including system theory, experimental investigation, design method, manufacture technique, and models of the dampers, etc. have been presented in this dissertation in order to progress the mr fluids and automotive suspension techniques based on mr damper

    本文根據磁流變技術的研究現狀和汽車懸架技術的發展趨勢，系統研究了汽車磁流變阻尼技術，包括：磁流變效應、阻尼器系統理論、設計方法、實驗研究和阻尼器的動力學模型，旨在推進磁流變體和磁流變阻尼器在汽車工程中的應用研究。
  20. According to the practice of control chart analysis ( cca ) in the management of coal mine safety, it is showed that the application of control chart analysis in the statistical analysis of risk indexes can scientifically judge the developing trend of risk indexes, assess the improvement or degeneration of system and verify the effectiveness of safety measures

    摘要根據實踐，介紹控制圖分析法在煤礦安全管理中的應用，將控制圖法應用於安全風險指標的統計分析可以對風險指標的發展趨勢作出科學判斷，評價系統安全狀態是否有明顯好轉或惡化，檢驗安全管理及技術措施是否有效。
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