近交效應 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jìnjiāoxiàoyīng]
近交效應 英文
inbreeding effect
  • 近 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （空間或時間距離短） near; close 2 （接近） approaching; approximately; close to 3 （親...
  • 交 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把事物轉移給有關方面） hand over; give up; deliver 2 （到某一時辰或季節） reach （a cert...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 效應 : [物理學] effect; action; influence
  1. In recent years, research on learning activities has prevailed the world and found its way in some front subjects, however much of its production has not been introduced to the pedagogic study and practice. problems stand out in that there is low learning efficiency in study of students at large and the pattern of the course design, teaching approach, and education evaluation method are comparatively demoded with the coming of the information age, historic changes in both life style and learning style are highlighted

    近幾年來，對人類學習活動的研究雖然已經發展成為當今世界多學科交叉的前沿課題，但多數研究成果尚未引入教育理論與實踐中來，教育行政部門、學校和教師幾乎沒有考慮如何通過培養來提高學生的學習能力，致使目前學習方式與課程、教學、教育評價模式都比較落後，學生學習效率普遍比較低，無法適應時代的要求，這種狀況在我國表現得很突出。
  2. They include the ship kelvin wave pattern and wave resistance, the interaction of surface waves with floating bodies, the seakeeping of ships high - speed vessels and offshore platforms, the evaluation of the drift forces and other nonlinear wave effects responsible for the slow - drift responses of compliant offshore platforms and their mooring systems designed for hydrocarbon recovery from large water depths

    這包含了船波和波的阻抗、波和浮體的交互作用、高速行駛船舶與近岸結構物之耐海性、拖曳力評估及其他造成順應式近岸結構物緩慢飄移現象的非線性效應，與結構物設計于深海中以重獲碳氫化合物之錨定系統。
  3. Directed on the present situation and existing problems in boosting beef cattle industry based on the yellow cattle improvement in china, the review indicated that several relationships, such as integration of individual households and large scale cattle farms, integration of yellow cattle improvement, crossbreeding, breed conservation and utilization, integration of high grain diet intensified fattening and low grain diet economic fattening, should be handled properly ; and the requirements of profitable cattle industry for increasing reproductive survive rate, using hybrid vigor and improving the weight gain, the main factors affecting economic return of large scale cattle farms and the technology level improvement in cattle industry were duiscussed as well

    本文就近來我國以黃牛改良為特點的肉牛業蓬勃發展現狀與存在問題，指出應處理好養牛經營形式千家萬戶與規模牛場相結合、黃牛肉用與肉役兼用相結合、黃牛改良選育與雜交、保種及利用相結合、高精料強度肥育與低精料適度育肥相結合等幾個問題；並就提高養牛經濟效益對提高繁殖成活率、充分利用雜種優勢、提高日增重的要求和影響規模牛場經濟效益的主要因素及如何提高養牛科技水平等問題提出探討。
  4. For the 30. 2mm shaft, there are still larger over measure to load. the strength is increased by optimization. for ? 17. 4mm shaft, the strength is increased by enlarge the inner dimension of the spline ; for 30. 2mm shaft, the strength is increased by adjust the structure at the boundary between the key groove and the ring groove, the highest stress of the shaft is at bottom and terminal of the spline after optimization

    其中對17 . 4mm泵軸的優化，通過增大花鍵內徑，提高了花鍵齒底的強度，降低了應力集中點附近的應力；對30 . 2mm電機軸的優化，通過在軸承鍵的環槽端增加倒角，有效降低了該位置的應力集中，使軸的最大應力點從軸承鍵與環槽的交界處轉變到花鍵根部與收尾的交界處，提高了電機軸整體結構強度的合理性。
  5. In recent years, plentiful and substantial fruits achieved by the lb method in simulations of hydraulics, multiphase flows, flows in porous media and heat transfer as well as magnetohydrodynamics, have revealed a broad perspective of application of this method, it will become a powerful competitor to the conventional approaches. in order to absorb the recent achievement in theory and application of the lb method, explore new ways in hydraulic computation to promote the development of practice, some work is car ried out in this thesis, as following : advances in the theory research and application, deductive process of the d2q9 model and some other commonly used models of the lb method are summarized. based on the hydrodynamic and general boundary conditions, a new joint boundary condition is presented, it integrates advantage of the two conditions above and obtains very good results in dealing with all kinds of boundaries of flow fields

    為了消化和吸收近年來lb方法在理論和應用方面的新成果，探索在水力計算方面的新途徑以促進lb方法實用化的發展，本文進行了下列研究工作：綜述了lb方法在理論研究和實際應用方面的新進展，以及d2q9模型的推導過程和其他一些常用的模型；在水動力邊界條件和通用邊界條件的基礎上提出了一種新的聯合邊界條件方法，它綜合了上述兩種邊界條件的優點，在流場的各種邊界處理中取得了非常好的效果，經過模塊化的處理以後這種邊界條件具有更好的實用性；針對均勻網格的lb方法計算效率較低的不足，提出了雙重網格的latticeboltzmann方法，通過二維poiseulle流動、后臺階流動和渠道方槽流動三個算例的模擬，證明這種方法能夠明顯地提高流場模擬的計算效率；此外，根據復雜區域流場的特徵提出了latticeboltzmann方法的分塊-耦合演算法，利用lb方法的計算特性實現塊與塊之間的數據交換，充分利用計算資源提高計算效率，通過對「 t 」型、 「十」型和「 x 」型分岔管道流場的模擬，展示了這種演算法的特徵和優點，以及它所具有的應用前景。
  6. Owing to its excellent adaptability to large angle - displacement between two transmission shafts and other characteristics such as large transmission ratio, terse mechanism, high transmission efficiency, cardan cross - pin spindles has been widely used as an important mechanical part in transport machines, metallurgy machines, petrolic machines, heavy machines, etc. as an effective and promising approach to resolve complicated development of modern software, component - based development ( cbd ) is put forward to change the present way of software development by producing software through assembling ready software components and its final target is to realize the industrialization of software development totally

    十字軸式萬向聯軸器能夠很好地適應傳動軸間的較大角位移，而且具有傳遞扭矩范圍大、結構緊湊、傳動效率高、維修保養方便等特點，是一種重要的傳動部件，因此在交通運輸、冶金、重型機械等領域中得到廣泛應用。基於組件的開發是近幾年發展並日益成熟起來的一種軟體開發新方法，其核心思想是以流水線方式、通過組裝組件生產軟體，從而容易實現軟體開發的工業化。
  7. Baoding city north downtown in municipal people government make selection to hand over the a brigade in the municipal with the south, wide railroad in city to the west, the northwest of the wreath postpones to the east of district, developments city ? that market covers 27 acre, a prosperous district, be apart from original flowers and birds the fish the insect the market the shortage a kilometer of, the transportation is convenient, having six hand over the route goes directly to here, exit the highway keeps the 107 country way with wide superhighway in city, near two in the last years, the square circle in that district sets up to have the small area of upscale residence in inside in some one after another inside two kilometers of scopes, living a high income family, intend to see the inside of protecting and settling north downtown of municipal the agriculture makes sight - seeing trip the park the item among them have the flower and grass plant, feeding the fish insect etc. profession park to act in cooperation mutually with it, can become to produce to place on sale a structure and form of dragon. owing to protects the traditional brand effect that settle the municipal history culture a city and create the country of taipei first boys school the excellent traveling the opportunity that city bring, that market sets up the empress not only can satisfy to baoding city the domestic demand in municipal, but also will still radiates city three municipals and perimeter region, become the perimeter region consumption center and commercial center

    保定市北市區人民政府選定在市交警支隊以南，京廣鐵路以西，環西北延以東的地段，建設一個高檔的花鳥魚蟲市場。該市場佔地27畝，地處市繁華地帶，距原花鳥魚蟲市場不足一公里，交通便利，有六條公交路線直達此處，出口處公路直通107國道和京廣高速公路，近兩年來，該地帶方圓兩公里范圍內相繼建起了一些中高檔住宅小區，生活著上萬戶高收入家庭，擬見中的保定市北市區農業觀光園項目其中有花草種植，飼養魚蟲等專業園與之相呼應，可形成產供銷一條的格局。鑒于保定市歷史文化名城的傳統品牌效應及創建中國優秀旅遊城市帶來的機遇，該市場建成后不但可以滿足保定市人民的需要，而且還將輻射京津石三市及周邊地區，成為周邊地區消費中心與集散地。
  8. The basis of dynamics and simulation includes the iterative flyout angle algorithm to the solutions to lambert problem and battin ' s universal conic section state extrapolate method. then spacecraft ' s orbit roots, maneuver impulse and maneuver time are discussed as the following four part : first of all, the chaser ' s one orbit roots is selected as a variable to simulate its influence to the large scale orbital maneuver. the research reveals fact that the orbit roots both of chaser and target should be close to each other to achieve better maneuver and rendezvous " ability, moreover, the best orbit maneuver and rendezvous occurs when both chaser and target ' s initial phase angle are equal

    為了研究了交會機動中追蹤器和目標器的軌道根數、機動時限和機動能耗等因素對交會機動的影響，模擬和分析分為以下四個部分:首先，研究了追蹤器軌道單個參數為變量情況下兩航天器大范圍交會機動問題，研究表明，追蹤器的變化參量與目標器相應的參量在接近的情況下可以獲得良好的交會機動特性，而對于兩航天器軌道共面的情況下，初始相位角相等時則獲得最佳的機動效果。
  9. Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

    利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大
  10. Though global positioning system ( gps ) is used widely at present, it is restrained due to its intrinsic errors in existence. especially when a vehicle is running in a city canyon ( a place where high buildings are on its both sides ) or in a jam - paced place, things get more awful. in these situations, gps signals are kept out

    目前廣泛採用的全球定位系統（ globalpositioningsystem ， gps ）由於本身不可避免地存在定位誤差；甚至當車輛行駛在高大建築物附近或交通擁擠的地方時，會出現gps信號受到遮擋以及多路徑效應等問題，導致定位精度的下降。
  11. Compared with the existing techniques for enhancing heat transfer by adding millimeter and / or micrometer - sized particles in fluids, nanofluids appear to be ideally suited for practical application with incurring little or no penalty in pressure drop because the nanoparticles are so small that the nanofiuid behaves like a pure fluid

    在液體中添迦納米粒子，可以顯著增加液體的導熱系數，提高熱交換系統的傳熱性能，而且由於納米粒子的小尺寸效應，其行為接近於液體分子，不會象毫米或微米級粒子易產生磨損或堵塞等不良結果。
  12. Then, harmonic analysis is done with the newest baytap - g tidal data analyzing software developed by ishiguro and professor tamura, who are working in japan and the eterna34 tidal data analyzing software developed by wenzel, who had worked in german. as a result, the recently observed tidal gravity parameters of jiufeng station are obtained. finally, the ocean loading correction of the observing tidal gravimetric parameters, the temporal synthesized tide, correction of the station air pressure and the polar motion on the gravity residual, the analysis of the final residual, and so on, are investigated

    Vauterin研製的tsoft潮汐數據預處理軟體，實施了觀測數據的預處理，為超導重力儀觀測數據的國際資料交換和數據分析準備了修正後數據；然後利用由日本ishiguro與tamura研製的最新的baytap - g和由德國的wenzel研製的eterna34潮汐分析軟體，對預處理后的重力潮汐觀測數據進行調和分析，獲得了九峰臺最近的觀測重力潮汐參數；最後討論了觀測潮汐參數的海潮改正、隨時間變化的重力合成潮的構制、大氣效應改正、極移重力改正以及最終重力殘差的分析。
  13. We think this situation should be owed to bottleneck effect and a rather frequency of inbreeding

    我們認為這一現象是由朱?歷史上曾經歷過瓶頸效應，基因庫大大縮小和長期的頻繁近交而造成的。
  14. Lewis relationship has been suggested to evaluate the surface mass transfer coefficient using the average surface convective transfer coefficient. in addition, a practical analytic technique for testing the surface mass transfer coefficient is proposed and the values of he surface mass transfer coefficient have been given for the particular desorption and absorption test and validated against lewis relationship results. indoor temperature and humidity evaluation equations of adobe buildings considering the moisture absorption and desorption by interior materials have been proposed based on the analysis of the indoor dynamic thermal and moisture process

    通過理論解析和實驗測試定量地研究了生土建築圍護結構表面吸放濕效應，首次提出了以空氣濕度（ kg / kg ）為驅動勢差的圍護結構表面吸放濕量計算公式，該公式較適用於工程計算，從而為使建築濕環境研究成果逐步應用到建築工程實踐中奠定了理論基礎和提供了簡便演算法；通過對國內外關于表面質交換系數確定方法的研究成果的分析，提出用lewis關系計算生土建築圍護結構表面質交換系數；在實驗室環境下，對生土建築圍護結構表面質交換系數進行了測試方法研究，測試結果和利用lewis關系得到的數值較接近。
  15. Through analyzing bed ' s response to wave, in the condition that super - stratum is more hard and second - stratum is more soft in region of interest, super static interstitial hydraulic pressure amplitude die away rapidly between stratums, before in sight of boundary between hard and soft stratum, plane effective pressure increase to max. shear stress reach peak value when bed thickness is approximately 2. 7 meters, then it will decrease to the minimum on the place where the flexible soil has a common boundary with the rigidity, so the boundary is the most destroy plane on engineering. on the basis of reconnaissance in situ, in normal situation of sea, the structure slides to the basin along the boundary

    通過對底床在波浪下的響應分析，對于研究區底床上層較硬而第二層較軟的情況，超靜孔隙水壓力幅值在層間交界處迅速衰減，在臨近硬、軟地層交界處前，水平有效應力增至最大，剪切應力在底床厚度大約2 . 7米左右達到峰值，然後減小，到硬、軟層土交界位置，達到最小，因此這個界面就是最容易發生破壞的工程軟弱面，現場勘查證明，即使在正常海況下，構築物也會沿坡以此交界面為滑動面，緩慢向「盆」底滑動。
  16. By calculating the feynman diagram in rtf, we find that when taking into account both the thermal photon emission, absorption and the virtual photon exchange processes, the infrared divergences at zero and finite temperature can be cancelled at the same time. the full quantum calculation results for soft photon radiation coincide completely with the poisson distribution obtained in the semiclassical approximation ( the coupling of the classical current and quantized field )

    通過實時溫度場論下的費曼圖計算，我們得到：將實光子的發射、吸收，虛光子的交換過程同時考慮時，零溫場論中出現的和由溫度效應引起的紅外發散都能得到消除；並且完全量子場論下的軟光子輻射幾率與半經典近似下（經典的電流和量子化的電磁場之間的耦合）得到的泊松分佈結果完全一致。
  17. Combined with the research project of the advanced performance of wire rope in the port cranes, a key technological problem of the ministry of communications, this dissertation investigated the stress - effect on the magnetic flux leakage ( mfl ) of wire ropes and the law of the mfl signal changes during wire rope fatigue testing by experiments and modern signal processing methods based on the ferromagnetic theory, being aimed at the present problems of current wire rope testing technology. the characteristic parameters and quantitative descriptive specifications for wire rope defective signal were analyzed in detail. this dissertation present a novel method of quantitatively evaluating locate faults ( lf )

    本文結合交通部重點科技項目「港口起重機鋼絲繩傳動件的高性能技術研究」 ，針對當前鋼絲繩電磁檢測技術中所存在的問題，以鐵磁學為理論基礎，以試驗和現代數字信號處理技術為手段，對鋼絲繩漏磁信號的應力效應、鋼絲繩疲勞損傷歷程中的漏磁信號變化規律做了深入的研究，對鋼絲繩缺陷信號的特徵參數和缺陷的定量描述指標做了詳細的分析，提出了一種局部缺陷的定量逼近方法。
  18. The calculation of the position of the shocks for the domain decomposition of the hyperbolic approximation is discussed. it is the matching stable problem for the different schemes in the different domains with different mesh size. after tracing the position of the shocks, the artificial compression method are applied to eliminate the smearing effect and to raise the resolution of the schemes. in the boundaries of each regions, the universal connected matching stable schemes are inserted in so as to make the schemes between different regions matching stable each other. at last, some numerical examples are presented

    討論在激波計算中的區域分解法，即在不同區域中應用不同網格及格式的耦合穩定性問題.先定出激波位置，再在激波附近小范圍內，用低階格式及人工壓縮方法以消除彌散效應.在激波區域外，應用高精度格式，減少了過超振蕩現象，提高了解析度.在各區域交界應用全能穩定聯接格式，解決了格式的耦合穩定問題.最後舉出數值計算實例，計算結果與理論分析符合
  19. The physical property of electron - phonon interaction systems is one of the fundamental problems in condensed matter theory. its development and perfection will profit the solving of some important problems in the areas of condensed matter physics, materials physics, protein molecular dynamics as well as other related subjects. so the study of the nonlinear lattice effects in electron - phonon interaction systems has been received extensive attention of many researches in the past years

    電子-聲子耦合系統的物理特性是凝聚態理論中的一個基本問題，它的發展和完善可能為凝聚態物理與材料物理領域及蛋白質分子生物學等交叉學科領域中一些重要問題的解決帶來一定的啟示甚至突破性的進展，因而近幾年來電子-聲子耦合系統中晶格非線性效應的研究受到人們的廣泛關注。
  20. Recently focusing of optical beams and pulse beams by cross - phase modulation has been considered both theoretically and experimentally

    近年通過交叉相位調制效應使光束和脈沖光束壓縮的研究較多。
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