逆同態 的英文怎麼說

In the next place, by studying the change of the resonant frequency of the whole system, this paper designs the circuit to track the resonant frequency of the system by cd4046 mainly. at the same time, in order to improve the efficiency and get better dynamic capability of the converter, we choose pll and fuzzy control after comparing the pll circuit, fuzzy circuit and pll ? fuzzy control circuit. in the end, this paper brings forward the control blue print to realize the drive control circuit of the high frequency converter, using the dsp chip as the key part to realize four routes of pwm drive pulses with dead band of the control system

其次，通過對整個系統諧振頻率變化的分析和研究，設計了以鎖相環cd4046為核心的鎖相環控制電路，同時，在綜合比較鎖相環控制、模糊控制以及模糊控制和鎖相環復合控制三種控制演算法的基礎上，進行了系統模擬，得出採用復合控制可使跟蹤電路既具有鎖相環路較好的穩態性能，又擁有模糊控制較好的動態性能，系統魯棒性能好，同時也提高了逆變器的效率。

The initial and final states are the same as for the reversible heating.

其始態及終態與可逆加熱相同。

The differences between the forms of chinese bildungsroman and those defined by foreign literary theory lie in the fact that the active maturation of the subject is almost absent and too many narratives about rebellious and passive growth are related

摘要中國式的成長小說的形態與國外文學理論關于成長小說的界定之不同在於，主體積極的完型幾乎未見，而逆反式的與被動式的成長敘事則顯得過剩，尤其是現當代中國成長小說，常常表現為主人公成長的晚熟。

Focused on " understanding media ", the article analyses in chapter i the key media theory of employing what could be of mcluhan in a thoughtful angle ， and advances the viewpoint of " human being - the extending of media ? ". in chapter ii 、 in the following third part ， the idea of " media ' s endding " is expounded and demonstrated ， which is composed of three parts ： extreme of speed ， content of the content ， and human being ' s last extending - the extending of central nerves 。 in the final part ， the general conclusion ? ? electronic media ' s influence on human behavior is given ， that is human are under universal narcissism and pacing to the bottom of it impelled by electronic speed. the article has five original points in it ： first of all, in virtue of " content theory " ， it analyzes the theory of " meida equals to information " by mcluhan from a scale theory stand. secondly, the tremendous power of electronic media is emphasized from an implosion view. in the third point, the article advanced originally that, after extension of central nerve system, human themsevels reverse to an extension of media and turns into a node of it ; at the same time, the article proposes that, all extensions before that of central nerve are " controllable extension ", however, it reverses to " uncontrollable extension " while extending ; then the authur put forward for the first time that, the concernful reason obsessing human is the failure of their in - body central nerve system " s jointing and controlling on out - body central nerve system naturally. 。 the fourth point is, the article demonstrates systematically the idea of " media ' s endding " from three levels solely by thoughtful means, and this is the most revolutionary point of it all

論文的創新之處有五點：一是從「尺度論」的角度，藉助「內容論」來解讀麥克盧漢的「媒介即訊息」的思想；二是從「內爆」的角度突出電子媒介的巨大力量；三是獨創提出在電子媒介時代，人類延伸了自己的中樞神經系統之後，人類本身被逆轉為媒介的延伸，成為電子媒介的一個節點；同時在本章節中提出中樞神經延伸之前的所有延伸為「可控延伸」 ，而中樞神經被延伸時「可控延伸」逆轉為「不可控延伸」 ，並首次提出，困擾人類種種問題的重要原因是體內的中樞神經系統無法無縫地對接和控制被延伸出去的體外中樞神經系統；四是獨自運用思辯的力量從三個層面綜合論證了「媒介的終結」的觀點，此處論證為本文最大創新之處，而此結論也將具有重大的理論與現實意義；五是根據以上幾個部分的論述，對人類目前的總體狀態作了一個定性的判斷，即：我們這個時代的迷惘在於我們深陷於自戀的漩渦里難以自拔，在電子媒介以其固有的電力速度的推動下，我們走向自戀的盡頭。

The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either

在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。

At present, in studying and developing heavy capacities and parallel resonant inverter, it is expected to solve the problems of researching on simple structure and easy to start frequently series resonant inverter in the fields of domestic high frequency induction heating installation. therefore, researching of the subject is to design and study a high frequency ( more than 1 mhz ) and high power topological structures of full solid - state induction heating power supply

目前在研究和開發大容量的並聯逆變中頻電源的同時，研製結構簡單，易於頻繁起動的串聯逆變高頻電源是國內高頻感應裝置領域有待解決的問題，基於此種需要，本課題主要研究設計一種高頻（ 1mhz以上）大功率全固態感應加熱電源逆變電路的拓撲結構。

By compared with the simulation results and the experiment results, we come to the conclusions that : ( 1 ) circuit with assistant network can widen soft - switching extent in lagging arm, reduces duty - cycle loss on the secondary, diminishes switching dissipation of inverter spot - welding power source. ( 2 ) the range of resonant capacitor, the important factor to soft - switching process, not only affects zero - voltage turn - off of power switches, but also affects the range of zero - voltage turn - on of power switches. so resonant capacitors must be considered according to many aspects ; ( 3 ) it easily fulfils soft - switching condition in lagging arm as leakage inductance of power transformer increases, but bigger leakage inductance of power transformer increases opening dissipation of transformer and decreases efficiency of soft - switching inverter power source

通過模擬結果與軟開關點焊逆變器試驗結果的對比分析，得到了如下主要結論：採用輔助網路可以完全拓寬全橋軟開關逆變器的滯后橋臂軟開關范圍，減小了次級占空比丟失，降低了逆變電阻點焊電源的開關損耗；諧振電容是影響軟開關工作狀態的重要因素，其大小不僅影響開關管的零電壓關斷，同時也影響開關管的零電壓開通范圍，因此，諧振電容應該綜合考慮；功率變壓器漏感越大，越容易滿足滯后橋臂的軟開關條件，但是大的漏感也使變壓器的通態損耗增加，降低了軟開關逆變器的效率。

This paper considers two controllers with different feedback signals ? the ac current phase angle of converter transformer and the ac voltage magnitude of inverter bus, respectively. pscad / emtdc simulation software is used for the controller testing. the test models used for the analysis are the cigre hvdc benchmark systems with different scr at the inverter side

為了驗證該控制方式的有效性，本文採用了電磁暫態模擬軟體pscad emtdc ，在國際大電網會議cigre提出的hvdc標準模型上，用逆變側短路比不同的系統對調制控制器的性能進行了模擬測試，調試出了調制控制器的各參數值。

In this part, the high - frequency series inverter with resonant pole capacitor is introduced mainly. the current - exchanging processes of the inverter in different working modes are analyzed, how to reduce the switching loss is discussed, and the calculating methods of snubber capacitor c, factor angle switching frequency and pulse width pw are given in optimum switching process. and results of simulation and experiment verify the validity of theoretic analysis

接著重點研究了含有諧振極無損緩沖電容的逆變器，對其換流過程中的不同工作狀態進行分析，討論了如何減小逆變器的開關損耗，給出了最佳工作狀態下緩沖電容c 、感性角、開關頻率、觸發脈沖的脈寬pw的詳細計算方法，並通過大量的模擬和實驗波形證明了理論分析的正確性。

As the result of the reverse selection of the actual capital market, interest is hard to come to equilibrium level, so the gap between capital supply and demand is unlikely to sew up by itself, therefore, some capital demanders try to find out other informal ways

但由於資本市場上存在逆向選擇，所以利率難以上升到均衡水平，資本供求缺口無法自動縫合，於是部分資本需求者就通過其他非正式渠道尋找資本；同時，部分先富農戶手中富餘資本又缺少投資項目，暫處「閑里」狀態。

The primary studies in this paper are the following : ( 1 ) we define a generalized alexandroff topology on an l - fuzzy quasi ordered set which is a generalization of the alexandroff topology on an ordinary quasi ordered set, prove that the generalized alexandroff topology on an l - quasi ordered set ( x, e ) can be obtained by the join of a family of the alexandroff topologies on it, a topology on any topological space can be represented as a generalized alexandroff topology on some l - quasi ordered set, and the generalized alexandroff topologies on l - fuzzy quasi ordered sets are generalizations of the generalized alexandroff topologies on generalized ultrametric spaces which are defined by j. j. m. m. rutten etc. ( 2 ) by introducing the concepts of the join of l - fuzzy set on an l - fuzzy partial ordered set with respect to the l - fuzzy partial order and l - fuzzy directed set on an l - fuzzy quasi ordered set ( with respect to the l - fuzzy quasi order ), we define l - fuzzy directed - complete l - fuzzy partial ordered set ( or briefly, l - fuzzy dcpo or l - fuzzy domain ) and l - fuzzy scott continuous mapping, prove that they are respectively generalizations of ordinary dcpo and scott continuous mapping, when l is a completely distributive lattice with order - reversing involution, the category l - fdom of l - fuzzy domains and l - fuzzy scott continuous mappings is isomorphic to a special kind of the category of v - domains and scott continuous mappings, that is, the category l - dcqum of directed - complete l - quasi ultrametric spaces and scott continuous mappings, and when l is a completely distributive lattice in which 1 is a molecule, l - fuzzy domains and l - fuzzy scott continuous mappings are consistent to directed lim inf complete categories and lim inf co ntinuous mappings in [ 59 ]

本文主要工作是： （ 1 ）在l - fuzzy擬序集上定義廣義alexandroff拓撲，證明了它是通常擬序集上alexandroff拓撲的推廣，一個l - fuzzy擬序集（ x ， e ）上的廣義alexandroff拓撲可以由其上一族alexandroff拓撲取並得到，任意一個拓撲空間的拓撲都可以表示為某個l - fuzzy擬序集上的廣義alexandroff拓撲，以及l - fuzzy擬序集上的廣義alexandroff拓撲是j . j . m . m . rutten等定義的廣義超度量空間上廣義alexandroff拓撲的推廣。 （ 2 ）通過引入l - fuzzy偏序集上的l - fuzzy集關于l - fuzzy偏序的並以及l - fuzzy擬序集上（關于l - fuzzy擬序）的l - fuzzy定向集等概念，定義了l - fuzzy定向完備的l - fuzzy偏序集（簡稱l - fuzzydcpo ，又叫l - fuzzydomain ）和l - fuzzyscott連續映射，證明了它們分別是通常的dcpo和scott連續映射的推廣，當l是帶有逆序對合對應的完全分配格時，以l - fuzzydomain為對象， l - fuzzyscott連續映射為態射的范疇l - fdom同構於一類特殊的v - domain范疇，即以定向完備的l -值擬超度量空間為對象， scott連續映射為態射的范疇l - dcqum ，以及當l是1為分子的完全分配格時， l - fuzzydomain和l - fuzzyscott連續映射一致於k . wagner在[ 59 ]中定義的定向liminf完備的-范疇和liminf連續映射。

Based on the target system dynamic information organized by process, the use case model of each process is extracted according to the approach of recovering use ease models of single - process systems, and then all use case models of the processes having the same process name are united ; thereby the recovery of use case models of multi - process systems is implemented

該方法以進程為單位對目標系統的動態信息進行組織，使用單進程系統用例模型的逆向生成方法抽取出每個進程相應的用例模型，然後對具有相同進程名的不同進程的用例模型進行疊加，從而實現了多進程系統的用例模型的逆向生成。

Based on x - filtered lms algorithm and - filtered lms algorithm adaptive inverse control, we use a new variable step size lms algorithm. adding little computation, variable step size lms algorithm can result in fast convergence speed and low residual error simultaneously. the adaptive feedback control can counteract the beginning error of the system

在原來的x -濾波lms演算法自適應逆控制和-濾波lms演算法自適應逆控制方法的基礎上，引入了新的變步長lms演算法，在計算量增加不多的前提下，能同時獲得較快的收斂速度和較小的穩態誤差；引入自適應的反饋補償控制克服了被控系統的直流零頻漂移，使控制系統在初開始工作階段快速收斂；還引入自適應擾動消除器，它能最大限度的消除擾動。

Researching on the technology if reverse order is to study strains if pits, structural systems if basement, environmental surwey and underpinnings. on account of emphasizing developing methods if checking strength if pick - ets, modemizing machenes of excavation and studying methods of underpinning is put forward and is a way if controlling the quality of pickets in sites, which leads an active effect ; synthetic application if rankintheory, spatial and time effect theory to excavation tl aanalyze the state of soil force and strain is brought forward and the time effect should be considered in the zone of clay, the formation and development of soil plasticity are analyzed and the most dangerous zone to decide how to excavate and where to begin is found ; analyzing the cause of picket settlement during reverse order and the differential settlement and discussing hlw to solute it. duringh the temporary survey and the environmental warship, bringing rorward the theory of environmental vibration and analyzing the state of soil force and probability of losing stabilization of soil under the effect of environmental vibration ; analyzing the state offeree in underground concrete wall by the method of mathematics and pointing out the place of the maximum force and deformation. based on systematic illustrating the reverse order, problems about application and development of reverse order and suggestions also are expressed

鑒于國內外的研究把重點放在大力發展工程樁的實驗室承載力監測方法與設備、如何使土方開挖機械現代化及對周圍建築的臨測方法上，本文提出了現場利用聲波層析成像技術監測鋼砼樁內部質量的方法與程序，並得出了聲波層析成像技術是砼樁的動態質量檢測的有效手段，這對指導施有積極、現實意義；提出了綜合運用朗肯土壓力理論、基坑空間和時間效應影響理論來分析逆作法施工過程中基坑邊坡土體應力及應變的變化情況，指出粘土地區也應考慮時間效應，並且進一步分析了基坑邊坡土體的塑性區形成和發展，找出邊坡最不利的區域，以確定地下室土體的挖掘的方式和順序，指出憑主觀臆斷與經驗來施工是不可取的；在分析、經較逆作法與大開挖順作法的地下室結構體系受力情況及施工順序的不同，提出了節點處理技術；分析了逆作法施工期間樁的沉降變化原因及由此而產生的差異，並探討了解決的方法；本文還提出了環境振動對土體邊坡穩定產生影響的觀點，並分析了在環境振動影響下，土體的應力狀態及土休失穩破壞概率，並且還運用彈性力學知識和數學分析的方法定量地分析了地下混凝土墻受力狀態，指出了被監測墻體的最大應力、應變位置。

Specific issues examined are : compensation for the variation of the stator resistance, the offset error of the dc bus voltage, the voltage error generated by the forward voltage drop the dead time of the switches, improvement of the steady state performance, and the speed sensorless control for the pmsm dtc drive system are of major concern in this thesis

定子電阻變化，直流母線電壓漂移，開關器件反向相電壓降、逆變器死區時間引起的電壓誤差的補償，提高系統穩態運行性能以及永磁同步電機直接轉矩控制的無速度傳感器運行方案等問題都是本文研究的重點。轉矩的快速響應是直接轉矩控制演算法的一個卓越的性能。

First we collect signals by shake and infrared temperature sensor, transfer them to computer by a / d instrument, dispel zero excursion of sensor and in - linearity of a / d transformation, save them in the form of data file. then transfer them to matlab, analyze and dispose by wavelet function and toolbox. by lot of experiments and data analysis we find distinct change of the character in different fault states

然後，我們在現場對砂光機進行實驗，利用振動及紅外線溫度傳感器現場實時採集信號，通過a / d采樣卡送入計算機中，採用逆向建模的新方法來消除傳感器零漂及a / d轉換的非線性，再以數據文件形式保存，然後在matlab中調用數據文件，應用小波函數及工具箱對其進行處理分析，經過大量的實驗及數據分析發現在不同的故障狀態下，特徵量有明顯變化。

This paper first illustrated a classification of congruence decomposition on n ( 2, 2, 0 ) algebra, then discussed the algebraic structure of the quotient algebra and a classification of converse image under the natural homomorphism

摘要對n （ 2 ， 2 ， 0 ）代數給出了一類同余分解，探討了其商代數的代數結構以及自然同態下一類逆象的代數結構。

The paper analyzed the basic theory and mathematic model of three phase voltage pwm inverter and proposed one kind of control strategy based on the voltage - current double - loop. it used the exterior loop to control the voltage the eps outputted, and used the inner loop to control the current. simulation testified that the control method could improve the dynamic response character and interference rejection ability

在建立三相電壓型pwm逆變器在兩相同步旋轉坐標系下的數學模型的基礎上，提出了一種三相電壓型pwm逆變器基於電壓電流雙閉環的控制方法，利用電壓外環實現對輸出電壓的穩定控制，電流內環實現對輸出電流的控制，模擬證明該方法有效地改善了系統的動態響應及抗干擾能力。

Further analysis on the model forecast residuals indicate that the residual time series does not follow a normal distribution but rather exhibits non - gaussianity ; similarly too, the existence of persistent pattern in the error / residual structure is discernibly evident

對模型預報殘差進一步分析可知，殘差的時間序列並不服從正態分佈，而是呈現出了逆高斯分佈。同樣，在誤差/殘差結構中存在著非常明顯的固定模式。

Next, according to the feature of different types of the industry chain, it is supposed that the manufacturing cost of suppliers and backward enterprises is known, with the method of the pricing of middle product, we set about the study on value attribution ? profit - distribution, and we use the regressively inductive method to find the scale of the profit - distribution. last, we use the situation of the industry chain of the data service inland and overseas to give evidence study

然後，基於不同電信增值業務產業鏈模式的特點，假設電信增值業務產業鏈上企業的生產成本為共同知識，本文運用中間產品定價的方式，研究不同類型的產業鏈模式下電信運營商與sp商的利益分配方式，並通過逆向歸納法（動態博弈）求解計算它們的利益分配比例，為現實電信運營商的發展提供理論支持。